Browsing by Author "Simonetti, Javier A."
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- ItemAre We Putting the Money in the Right Pocket? Ascertaining the Eventual Relationship between Silvoagricultural Subsidies, Ecosystem Threats, and Ecosystem Services in Chile(2023) Perez, Cristian; Pliscoff, Patricio; Simonetti, Javier A.Due to the Aichi targets, the international community committed to the sustainable management of silvoagricultural activities and to the elimination or reform of detrimental subsidies relative to biodiversity conservation. In this context, countries should have implemented specific actions to address these commitments. In Chile, the Instruments of Productive Promotion to Finance Field Work (IPP-FFW) framework was used to fund activities related to silvoagricultural systems, including, irrigation, plantations with exotic species, and the recovery of soils. However, concerns have been raised that are associated with the need for evaluating their effectiveness, including whether impact assessments should be carried out systematically. Considering that these subsidized activities may negatively impact nature, whether IPP-FFWs had been allocated is analyzed regardless of the threat degree of terrestrial ecosystems at the commune level in Chile using the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) ecosystem risk assessment methodology; moreover, the eventual relationship between changes in land use and ecosystem service provisions in case study for the Biobio region in Chile is also examined, for which the monetary consequences of the loss of ecosystem services-via the analysis of benefit transfers-are calculated. Evidence reveals that higher amounts of IPP-FFWs are allocated in communes with higher levels of threats and that a decrease in ecosystem service provision is associated with IPP-FFW's allocation.
- ItemConservation Challenges for the Austral and Neotropical America Section(2009) Ceballos, Gerardo; Vale, Mariana M.; Bonacic Salas, Cristián; Calvo Alvarado, Julio; List, Rurik; Bynum, Nora; Medellín, Rodrigo A.; Simonetti, Javier A.; Rodríguez, Jon Paul
- ItemDefining corridors for movement of multiple species in a forest-plantation landscape(2020) Pliscoff, Patricio; Simonetti, Javier A.; Grez, Audrey A.; Vergara, Pablo M.; Barahona-Segovia, Rodrigo M.Forestry plantations of Pinus radiata, managed through clearcutting method, would offer resistance to the movement of native fauna among remnants of native forest. In this study, we evaluate the possibilities of establishing connectivity corridors for native fauna in a forest landscape dominated by P. radiata, focusing on seven species with some level of specialisation in the use of different land covers and that exhibit different movement strategies. We sampled presences and abundances using several types of sampling to determine the abundance and crossing edge probabilities for the ground-dwelling beetle Ceroglossus chilensis; the mesocarnivores Conepatus chinga, Lycalopex culpaeus and Leopardus guigna; the terrestrial frogs Eupsophus septentrionalis and Pleuroderma thaul, and the understory bird Pteroptochos castaneus. We use species distribution modelling and circuit theory to calculate connectivity for each species. Finally, a spatial priorization approach was applied to obtain two scenarios of least-cost corridors. The results show that species with more specific requirements such as L. guigna, P. castaneus, P. thaul and E. septentrionalis, are unlikely to move through clear cuttings and young plantations, but their movement is possible through adult pine plantations with understory. For species that are habitat generalists such as C. chinga and L. culpaeus plantations were suitable for movement. The management of forest plantations should use multi-taxa assessments in the design of biological corridors that allow the connection of forest fragments. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
- ItemDiet of guanaco in sheep-free rangeland in Tierra del Fuego, Chile(2013) Muñoz, Alejandra E.; Simonetti, Javier A.
- ItemEuropean rabbits versus native rodents in Central Chile: effects on shrub seedlings(1983) Fuentes, Eduardo; Jaksic Andrade, Fabián; Simonetti, Javier A.The importance of the introduced rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus and of the native rodent Octodon degus (=degu) as browsers of shrub seedlings in the Central Chilean evergreen shrublands (=matorral) was experimentally assessed. Seedlings were planted in several spatial arrangements in two open successional stands and in two mature stands of different cover and exposure. The browsing impact of rabbits and degus was evaluated separately after about one year since the start of the experiments. It was found that degus cause important seedling mortality only within a 5 m-radius centered at the border of their retreats. Rabbits, on the other hand, cause heavier seedling mortality, forage more widely, and consequently have a greater impact than do degus. It is speculated that rabbits may be halting the secondary succession process, shifting the matorral composition toward less palatable shrub species, and/or broadening the spacing between shrub clumps.
- ItemExploring links between local knowledge, values and livelihoods in land-sea interface: insights on emerging tradeoffs and change in Southern Chile(2024) Barcelo, Matias; Tengo, Maria; Simonetti, Javier A.; Gelcich, StefanLocal knowledge and values of coastal communities offer insights into the intricate human-nature relationships in the land-sea interface. Considering a diversity of values unveils how people perceive nature, encompassing both tangible and intangible dimensions, and this understanding is part of how they navigate dynamic environmental challenges by embracing livelihood diversification spanning land-sea activities. Better understanding of these values, relationships and diversification strategies can improve social-ecological systems theory and practice. Here we assess links between local knowledge, values and livelihoods in order to identify emerging tradeoffs. Using semi-structured interviews with qualitative and quantitative methods, we conducted a total of 88 interviews in five communities in Southern Chile. Local knowledge and values were collected as free-listing on terrestrial and marine species. We probed relationships between livelihood diversification and values, classified as relational, intrinsic, and instrumental. Our findings showed that marine species were most associated with instrumental values, while terrestrial species had a balance between relational, intrinsic and instrumental values. We observed that as communities expand their livelihoods and live closer to the city, they showed lower knowledge and values, and in these cases instrumental values predominate. Certain diversification strategies could lead to time constraints, impacting the transmission of knowledge and resulting in less values. Deeper and long-term cooperation between different actors to recover and protect different values is necessary to couple local knowledge and values with livelihood diversification. Our research provides valuable insights for policymakers aiming to develop holistic strategies that include relational values and leverage diverse knowledge systems to address contemporary environmental challenges.
- ItemFood preferences by Octodon degus (Rodentia caviomorpha): Their role in the chilean matorral composition(1981) Simonetti, Javier A.; Montenegro Rizzardini, GloriaThe food preferences of Octodon degus are examined in laboratory test. Results indicate that degus prefer new rather than mature leaves of Chilean matorral shrubs, and that degus do not discriminate between new leaves (equivalents of shrub seedlings) of different shrub species. The significance of degus preferences in relation to matorral composition is discussed.
- ItemMicrohabitat use by European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in central Chile: Are adult and juvenile patterns the same?(1982) Simonetti, Javier A.; Fuentes, EduardoRabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) have been recently introduced to central Chile; adult rabbits have been previously reported to exhibit a release in their use of microhabitats due to lack of effective predation upon them. This paper shows that kittens and juvenile rabbits do not exhibit the same microhabitat use pattern as adults, in spite of the very low predation pressure upon them. These results suggest that small rabbits are ecologically comparable to native rodents.
- ItemRattus rattus, a potential threat to the endangered tree Gomortega keule in the Maulino forest of Chile(2020) Barceló Carvajal, Matías Paulo; Simonetti, Javier A.