Browsing by Author "Señoret Swinburn, Andrés"

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    Densidad urbana, forma y sociabilidad en la ciudad neoliberal: el caso del barrio Santa Isabel en Santiago de Chile
    (Universidad de Chile. FAU, 2019) Señoret Swinburn, Andrés; Link, Felip; CEDEUS (Chile); Universidad de Chile. Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo
    Since the 1990s, the Santa Isabel neighborhood in Santiago, Chile, has undergone a radical process of urban growth and densification which can be associated with the neoliberal turn that characterized public policies and urban growth since the 1980s. This global process of "urban neoliberalism" is characterized by the relevance that the private sector acquires in urban development of the cities, maximizing profitability over other considerations. The following article seeks to study the consequences of this type of neoliberal urban development in urban morphology on a neighborhood scale, as well as in the way in which the inhabitants relate to each other and with their territory. Through a multi-methodological approach, integrating census data, urban morphology indicators, survey results, field observations and in-depth interviews, it seeks to understand how this type of urban development that encourages the maximization of profits by private parties, affects the public dimension of urban space. It is identified that the characteristics of the built environment, added to its new sociodemographic composition, inhibit the use of the neighborhood, neighborhood sociability and the permanence of its inhabitants, contributing to generate a transitory neighborhood, which is transforming the own condition of the city.
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    Employment and sustainability: the relation between precarious work and spatial inequality in the neoliberal city
    (2022) Señoret Swinburn, Andrés; Ramírez Silva, María Inés; Rehner, Johannes; CEDEUS (Chile); Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
    The creation of employment opportunities is a key factor to economic growth, but when pursuing sus tainable development, work arrangements must also be fair and stable. In contrast, precarious employ ment is a common and serious limitation to prospects for development and personal well being in Latin American cities. Discussing this phenomenon in the developing world requires considering the ongoing transformation of the neoliberal urban labour market, the commodity-driven economic struc ture, and questioning how such features relate to the likelihood of urban sustainable development. The present study addresses precarity in urban labour markets and subjective perceptions of stability and prospects and asks how marginalisation and fragmented urban spaces in a neoliberal context relate to the structural characteristics of precarious labour. This relationship between labour and space is anal ysed based on survey data from different types of neighbourhoods in Chile’s two largest metropolitan areas – Santiago and Concepción – using multilevel regression and ANOVA. Our study finds that precar ious employment and poor prospects replicate and reinforce typical territorial inequalities and thus con stitute a serious limitation for sustainable development. We conclude that the current labour market, the features of neoliberal extractivism, and weak formal social protection are obstructing urban development that is sustainable in terms of employment. Thus, the conceptual debate on sustainability and urban pol icy should focus more on the negative effects of precarious employment and its particular relation to spatial fragmentation in growing urban areas.
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    Impacto de la precariedad laboral en la percepción subjetiva del empleo
    (2022) Señoret Swinburn, Andrés; Rehner, Johannes; Ramírez Silva, María Inés
    El propósito de este artículo fue explorar el impacto de la precariedad laboral en la percepción subjetiva de los trabajadores sobre su presente y futuro laboral. Esto se realizó estimando una serie de regresiones lineales en base una encuesta aplicada en Chile. Los resultados muestran que los trabajadores no calificados sin contrato y las mujeres tienen una peor percepción subjetiva comparados con otros grupos. Proponemos el concepto de trabajo decente y sustentable como una forma de integrar aspectos subjetivos y temporales en los estudios laborales y de sustentabilidad. Los resultados son discutidos para resaltar la importancia de esta dimensión subjetiva para comprender las últimas oleadas de malestar social en Chile.
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    Vitalidad urbana y sociabilidad barrial: complejidades de una metrópolis latinoamericana
    (2022) Link, Felipe; Señoret Swinburn, Andrés; Fuentes Arce, Luis; Rodríguez Leiva, Sebastián
    Ciertos autores argumentan que la vitalidad urbana incentiva la sociabilidad entre los habitantes. Sin embargo dicha literatura concentra sus análisis en los atributos del entorno construido, como la densidad o la diversidad de usos de suelo, sin considerar las prácticas efectivas ni la influencia de los factores sociodemográficos en la sociabilidad barrial. El presente artículo busca profundizar en esta relación, analizando indicadores identificados por la literatura como condiciones necesarias para la vitalidad urbana, contrastándolos con variables de sociabilidad barrial como el uso del barrio, la familiaridad pública, la vecindad de la red y la sociabilidad entre vecinos, y con indicadores sociodemográficos para el Área Metropolitana de Santiago de Chile. Además de encontrar una influencia importante de los factores sociodemográficos, se identifica una relación más compleja entre la vitalidad urbana y la sociabilidad barrial, lo que revela la necesidad de repensar el concepto para la realidad de las metrópolis latinoamericanas.