Browsing by Author "Sauma Santis, Enzo Enrique"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 92
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    A Compound Real Option Approach for Determining the Optimal Investment Path for RPV-Storage Systems
    (The Energy Journal, 2022) Hassi, Benjamín A.; Reyes Torres, Tomas Hernan; Sauma Santis, Enzo Enrique
    The use of residential Photovoltaic-Storage systems may produce large benefits to owners and has expanded rapidly in recent years. Nonetheless, large uncertainties regarding the profitability of these systems make it necessary to incorporate flexibilities in their economic evaluations. This paper offers a new method to evaluate the compound flexibility of both the option of delaying investments and the option of further expanding the capacity of solar photovoltaic modules and batteries during the investment horizon. Flexibility is modeled as a compound real option, whose value is computed using a novel method that we call Compound Least Squares Monte Carlo (CLSM). The model is applied to the investment decisions associated to a residential Photovoltaic-Storage system. Results suggest that investors should use the proposed CLSM method in the economic valuation of multi-stage projects, since considering only a single flexibility could promote sub-optimal decisions. Moreover, in our case study, we show that it is optimal to break the investment down into two steps or more in 36% of future scenarios, on average.
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    A model of internal control may improve the response time of an automatic arterial pressure controller
    (IEEE, 2000) Urzua Urzua, Jorge; Sauma Santis, Enzo Enrique; Cipriano, Aldo; Guarini Hermann, Marcelo Walter
    A simplified model for the arterial pressure control system was implemented on a personal computer using Matlab Simulink(R). Model responses to variations of systemic vascular resistance were comparable to those predicted by physiology. Computer simulation suggested that including this model of the internal pressure control system within the design of an external controller would achieve better arterial pressure control and faster response than previous systems.
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    A Three-Level Static MILP Model for Generation and Transmission Expansion Planning
    (2013) Pozo, David; Sauma Santis, Enzo Enrique; Contreras, Javier
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    Air-Pollution Impact of Transmission Line Capacity Expansions in Power Systems
    (2017) Sauma Santis, Enzo Enrique; González, Julio
    In this paper, we study the environmental effects on global and local pollutant emissions derived from the incorporation of new transmission circuits in existing corridors, and the interrelationships with the system economic costs and the system reliability variations. For that purpose, we develop a methodology that allows quantifying the indirect impact on pollutant emissions due to variations in power plants' dispatch when adding a line circuit to a hydrothermal power system. Our methodology also allows the analysis of the effect of N - 1 security criterion over the pollutant emission displacement, as well as the effect of changes in demand, the hydrology scenarios, and the failure cost. We illustrate our methodology using a simplified version of the main Chilean network.
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    Aligning Generators' Interests with Social Efficiency Criteria for Transmission Upgrades in an LMP Based Market
    (IEEE, 2007) Sauma Santis, Enzo Enrique; Oren, S. S.
    In this paper, we present a numerical example to illustrate some situations under which generation companies in locational marginal pricing (LMP) based markets could have the right incentives to support social-welfare-increasing network expansions. In particular, this paper focuses on the incentives that generation firms at generation pockets have to support transmission expansions and how these incentives are affected by the ownership of financial transmission rights (FTRs). We analyze the effect of local market power on such incentives when considering both that generation firms can hold FTRs and that generation firms cannot hold FTRs.
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    An Exergy and Homeostatic Control Approach to Sustainable Grid-Connected Microgrids without Energy Storage
    (TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD, 2014) Yanine, Franco Fernando; Sauma Santis, Enzo Enrique; Cordova, Felisa M.; Wang, Y
    This paper approaches the microgrid concept from a systemic and cybernetics viewpoint, as a viable sustainable energy system (SES) for supplying electricity and heat to small, rural communities in Chile. As such the microgrid may be viewed as a complex adaptive system (CAS) when connected to the grid and operating without energy storage, only with the grid as back-up power source. From an exergy and homeostatic control (HC) standpoint, one may analyze the microgrid as a socio-technical CAS when it is coupled with a set of homes and also connected to the grid; capable of supplying close to 80% of the daily residential consumer needs on average. Thus, under these conditions homes may draw inexpensive renewable electricity and heat from the microgrid if they are thrifty and efficient in their energy consumption; and they may also consume from the utility grid, yet at an expensive price. Based on this, an exergy and HC approach is proposed to develop such SES for rural and remote communities in Chile and South America, aiming to enhance energy efficiency (EE) and energy sustainability (ES). Under this scheme, renewable power (RP) being a scarce, limited resource that must be managed efficiently is supplied only to homes which comply with a specific criterion in an effort to curtail demand to ensure ES overtime. Simulation shows as expected that indeed certain criteria produce much better results than others in incentivizing thrifty, efficient energy consumption for small-size communities, without the need for expensive and sometimes polluting and forbidden energy storage systems.
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    Análisis de la expansión del sistema eléctrico chileno bajo impuestos al carbono y contaminantes locales
    (2017) Quiroga Vergara, Daniela Isabel; Sauma Santis, Enzo Enrique; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Ingeniería
    En línea con los compromisos internacionales de disminuir emisiones, Chile recientemente incorporó un nuevo impuesto a emisiones de fuentes fijas, que afectará directamente la operación de su sistema eléctrico. Existen varios estudios que analizan el impacto que impuestos a emisiones pueden tener en la operación del sistema eléctrico chileno, pero no existe a la fecha un estudio que analice en detalle el impacto de los impuestos en la expansión del sistema eléctrico completo, ni que incorpore contaminantes locales al análisis. Ante eso, la siguiente investigación analiza dicho impacto, en un periodo de una década y a partir de cinco escenarios político-relevantes: (1) sin impuestos, (2) incluyendo impuestos al carbono, (3) incluyendo impuestos de contaminantes globales y locales (CO2, MP, SOX y NOX), (4) incluyendo plan de obra hidráulico con impuestos a contaminantes globales y locales, y (5) considerando una alta electrificación de la demanda bajo impuestos a contaminantes globales y locales. Para realizar el análisis, se formula e implementa un modelo de optimización basado en la programación lineal entera mixta de minimización de costos y que considera el plan de obra actual del sistema eléctrico nacional (SIC y SING), así como la incorporación de generación distribuida. El análisis se centra en el periodo de entrada en operación y las características de las centrales y líneas que óptimamente serán instaladas en el sistema, así como en el origen de la energía generada y las emisiones en cada periodo, considerando impuestos de 20 USD/ton CO2, 5,72 USD/kg MP, 62 USD/ton SOX y 159 USD/ton NOX. Los resultados principales muestran que, bajo el plan de obra actual, los impuestos tienen efectos distributivos que perjudican más a ciertas regiones sobre otras. Este efecto disminuye si el plan de obra considera más opciones de energías renovables, minimizando así la dependencia del sistema en combustibles fósiles. Por otro lado, los niveles de impuestos considerados no son suficientes para disminuir significativamente las emisiones en el caso de una demanda con un crecimiento mayor al esperado.
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    Análisis y estudio de modelos econométricos de la oferta secundaria refinada de cobre
    (2022) Rivera Bonilla, Nilza; Sauma Santis, Enzo Enrique; Lagos, Gustavo; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Ingeniería
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    Analyzing the current U.S. electricity transmission system and its main caveats to incentivize long-term investments
    (IEEE, 2009) Sauma Santis, Enzo Enrique
    This paper explains the way in which the current U.S. electric system contains insufficient incentives for long-term investments in transmission. Moreover, it highlights some key issues that should be considered to improve these investment incentives. The paper shows that, under the current U.S. transmission system, independent merchant investors, transmission rights' holders, and generation firms may have disincentives for making socially beneficial transmission investments.
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    Approximations in power transmission planning: implications for the cost and performance of renewable portfolio standards
    (2013) Muñoz, Francisco D.; Sauma Santis, Enzo Enrique; Hobbs, Benjamin F.
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    Auction mechanisms for long-term electricity contracts: Application to the Colombian market
    (IEEE, 2014) Caicedo Beltrán, Germán Alberto.; Rudnick van de Wyngard, Hugh; Sauma Santis, Enzo Enrique
    Electricity contracts are long-term supply assurance mechanism still in critical conditions, encourage competition and mitigate the risk of price volatility. However, it is necessary to evaluate design alternatives that balance contracts market versus expectations of the producers and the planner and/or regulator of the system. In this paper an international referencing is made, the formation of long-term price is analyzed, as well as market risks and their management. It implements a market simulation model, applying auction theory and descending clock auction. Contracting strategies are simulated, with product sensitivities, clearance mechanism, supply restriction and payment allocation, considering also the expectation of the buyer. For this, the demand function is estimated, the willingness to pay, and the maximum offer utility by sub-optimal allocations of opportunity cost and efficient frontier. Results show that the descending auction clears at more suitable prices against closed envelope auction and promotes competition under certain characteristics of the demand function. Best results are obtained with a standardized product, but in blocks of no more than 1% of the amount auctioned. A larger size creates infeasible solutions, increasing the closing price that contrasts when considering a supply pivotal constraint, obtaining lower closing prices. The proposed method offers a more suitable solution regarding intervention or handling mechanisms of the demand function.
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    Basic theoretical foundations and insights on bilevel models and their applications to power systems
    (2017) Pozo, David; Sauma Santis, Enzo Enrique; Contreras, Javier
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    Can cross-border transmission expansion lead to fair and stable cooperation? Northeast Asia case analysis
    (2019) Churkin, Andrey; Pozo, David; Bialek, Janusz; Korgin, Nikolay; Sauma Santis, Enzo Enrique
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    Carretera eléctrica : un cambio de paradigma : análisis del proyecto de ley que regula la carretera eléctrica (Boletín No 8566-08)
    (Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Centro de Políticas Públicas, 2012) Sauma Santis, Enzo Enrique; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
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    Climate-aware generation and transmission expansion planning: A three-stage robust optimization approach
    (2021) Moreira, Alexandre; Pozo, David; Street, Alexandre; Sauma Santis, Enzo Enrique; Strbac, Goran
    In this paper, we propose a three-stage robust generation and transmission expansion planning model considering generation profiles of renewable energy sources (RES) affected by different long-term climate states. Essentially, we extend the broadly utilized two-stage modeling approach to properly consider partial information of climate states with conditional short-term scenarios of RES output and outages. The proposed model is formulated as a five-level optimization problem. The first level determines the optimal generation and transmission expansion plan under uncertainty in climate conditions, RES generation, and contingencies. Given the selected expansion plan, the second level identifies the most severe climate state. Following the decision-information hierarchy, in the third level, the system operator optimizes the generation schedule of energy and reserves under perfect information of the climate state, but yet under uncertainty in the RES generation and contingencies. Then, the fourth level identifies the worst-case combination of contingency and conditional short-term RES generation adjusted to the current climate condition. Finally, the fifth level determines the optimal redispatch of reserves to react against the worst-case RES generation and contingency scenario considering the uppermost decisions. Within this multi-level structure, the optimal investment plan considers a more realistic decision setting, where system operators adapt RES forecasts based on the observed climate conditions before planning the operational schedule. To solve the problem, a variant of the nested column-and-constraint-generation algorithm is proposed with global-optimality guarantee in a finite number of steps. A case study based on the Chilean system illustrates the applicability of the model in a realistic network.
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    Co-optimization of electric networks and integrated water supply systems: joint planning as a cost-effective solution for water-scarce areas
    (2023) Andrade Hernández, Sebastián Alejandro; Sauma Santis, Enzo Enrique; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Ingeniería
    Dado el creciente uso de la desalinización para satisfacer las demandas de agua, especialmente en regiones áridas, una solución costo-efectiva es la adopción de un sistema integrado de suministro de agua compartido por varios usuarios. Reconociendo las similitudes entre agua y energía, y la naturaleza intensiva en energía de la desalinización, este estudio explora el nexo agua-energía, aplicando técnicas de planificación energética a la planificación de redes de agua desalinizada, optimizando ambos recursos de manera conjunta. Aborda factores complejos, como restricciones de transmisión, generación descentralizada, estacionalidad, factores de capacidad horarios, perdidas por fricción en tubería de agua, y diversas tecnologías de generación y desalinización, dentro de un modelo lineal co-optimizado. Se realiza un caso de estudio en la región de Antofagasta para validar el modelo, caracterizada por su escasez de agua, un abundante potencial renovable y puntos de demanda en altitudes elevadas, proyectados hasta 2050. El análisis también evalúa la preparación de una red de desalinización integrada para satisfacer las demandas de agua. Los principales hallazgos destacan la importancia de considerar las leyes de Kirchhoff al planificar redes integradas de agua y energía, especialmente cuando los costos de transporte de agua son sustanciales, ya que esto lleva a resultados económicos superiores comparándolos con enfoques no cooperativos. Si bien las perdidas por fricción representan una fracción relativamente menor del consumo de energía, influyen significativamente en el tiempo de las inversiones. Notablemente, la región de Antofagasta no está preparada para satisfacer toda su demanda de agua y su demanda de energía asociada. Al año 2050, la desalinización podría contribuir hasta un 17% del total de la demanda energética en la región, resaltando la necesidad de políticas efectivas para abordar este desafío.
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    CO2 emissions leakage in the power system under Regional Greenhouse Gas policy
    (IEEE, 2010) Sauma Santis, Enzo Enrique; Chen, Yihsu
    A number of states in the United States have taken collaborative actions to control for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from state governmental level. The effort by the western and the eastern states is called the Western Regional Climate Action Initiative and Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), respectively. RGGI is a collaboration by 9 states in the northeast United States targeted at regional CO2 emissions. This paper proposes an analytical tractable model to illustrate the conditions under which the CO2 leakage would occur.