Browsing by Author "Salinas Ulloa, Viviana Monzerratt"

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    Access to the Emergency Contraceptive Pill and Women's Reproductive Health: Evidence From Public Reform in Chile
    (DUKE UNIV PRESS, 2021) Clarke, Damian; Salinas Ulloa, Viviana Monzerratt
    We exam ine the sharp expan sion in avail abil ity of the emer gency con tra- cep tive pill in Chile fol low ing legal ized access through munic i pal pub lic health care cen ters. We study the period 2002-2016 and a broad roll out of the emer gency con tra- cep tive pill occur ring between 2008 and 2011. By com bin ing a num ber of admin is tra- tive data sets on health out comes and phar ma ceu ti cal use, and using event -study and difference-in -differences methods, we document that this expansion improved certain clas ses of women's repro duc tive health out comes, nota bly reduc ing rates of abor tion- related mor bid ity. These improve ments were greater in areas of the coun try where the roll out of the emer gency con tra cep tive pill was more exten sive. We also doc u ment some evi dence that refusal to pro vide the emer gency con tra cep tive pill upon a women's request was linked with a wors en ing in repro duc tive health out comes. These results point to the impor tance of con tra cep tive access as a deter mi nant of women's repro- duc tive health and well-being and relates to a grow ing body of work documenting the impor tance of women's auton omy as a deter mi nant of health.
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    Beyond the Second Demographic Transition: Cohabitation in Chile
    (2019) Salinas Ulloa, Viviana Monzerratt
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    Cognitive development and parenting during early childhood among Mapuche and non-indigenous Chileans
    (2021) Valenzuela Carvallo, Eduardo; Salinas Ulloa, Viviana Monzerratt; Aranis Soto, Daniela Paz
    The current article studies the differences in cognitive development between Mapuche preschoolers and non-Indigenous preschoolers in Chile. The Mapuches comprise the main Indigenous group in Chile and a socioeconomically vulnerable group. We studied the differences in cognitive development between these two groups, focusing on the role of the families' socioeconomic resources and the parental behaviors. We use data from the 2012 Encuesta Longitudinal de Primera Infancia, a nationally representative survey of early childhood (0-6 years old) in Chile, which includes a test of cognitive development validated for Mapuche preschoolers. Our results indicate that the cognitive gap between Mapuche children and non Indigenous children in Chile starts before they enter primary school (SD = 0.2, p < 0.001), which coincides with the lower limit of the gap found in previous studies during school years. In linear models of cognitive development, socioeconomic resources, and parental behaviors account for part of the gap between Mapuche children and non-Indigenous children, but not for all of it. We also find a positive interaction between a Mapuche origin and home learning materials, which indicates that Mapuche children benefit from a rich learning environment at home more intensively than do non-Indigenous Chilean children.
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    Gender differences in high-school dropout: Vulnerability and adolescent fertility in Chile
    (ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2021) Salinas Ulloa, Viviana Monzerratt; Jorquera Samter, Valentina Fernanda
    The original concerns about the consequences of adolescent fertility assumed that pregnancy is a turning point, which altered teens' life trajectories in terms of school progress, human capital accumulation and labor force participation, placing them on a path of vulnerability. However, several years of research have shown that teenagers who become pregnant are not a random sample of the population, but a selective sample, more likely to have limited socioeconomic resources and other characteristics that made them a vulnerable group to begin with. This paper studies the association between adolescent fertility and high school dropout in Chile taking that selectivity in consideration. We analyze the dropout of teen men and women, considering their socioeconomic status, sociodemographic characteristics, and characteristics of their sexual debut. Data comes the VIII Chilean Survey of the Youth, a nationally representative survey of people 15-29 years old applied in 2015. In order to deal with selectivity issues, we use a combination of propensity score weighting techniques and adjusted generalized linear models for estimating the effect of teen parenthood on high school dropout (ATT), for men and women separately. Our best estimates of the effect of teen parenting on the probability of high school dropout is 16-18 percent for women and ten percent for men, which implies that the educational setback of parenthood for women is about twice as high as the setback of men. These findings suggest the need of policies and interventions aimed both to reduce adolescent fertility, but also to facilitate the high school completion of those who already are parents.
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    Situación socioeconómica familiar y neurodesarrollo de prematuros de muy bajo peso al nacer a los dos años de edad
    (2018) Salinas Ulloa, Viviana Monzerratt; D'Apremont, Ivonne; Mena Nannig, Patricia Isabel; Pittaluga, Enrica
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    Socioeconomic Differences According to Family Arrangements in Chile
    (2011) Salinas Ulloa, Viviana Monzerratt
    Family changes have accelerated in Chile in the last decades. Impressively, the proportion of children born outside of marriage has reached over 60%, at the same time that marriage has declined and cohabitation has increased. These changes are regularly considered indicators of a second demographic transition. This study describes the socioeconomic differences that currently exist in Chile between first-time mothers living in different family arrangements, and it asks to what extent these differences are the result of long term disadvantages passed on from the families the respondents grew up in. The data comes from a postpartum survey implemented in Santiago (N = 686 women). The results show large differences in the socioeconomic wellbeing of women in different family arrangements. Women in nuclear marriages stand far apart from any other group in terms of educational attainment, income and participation in the labor force. Cohabiters and married women in extended households enjoy a level of socioeconomic wellbeing that is similar, but not as high as that of married women in nuclear households. Cohabiters in extended households, visiting, and single mothers look alike, and are the most vulnerable women in the sample. The link between the current scenario and the family where the respondents grew up is strong. Under these circumstances, it is hard to interpret the recent demographic changes in Chilean families as a prototypical case of the SDT. The trend the country is following resembles closer the dichotomous trajectory the U.S. has followed.