Browsing by Author "Ruiz-Tagle V., Javier"

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    Acceso a la vivienda de la clase media en un mercado restrictivo: Estrategias residenciales adaptativas en el centro y pericentro de Santiago de Chile
    (2021) Suazo, Víctor; Ruiz-Tagle V., Javier; CEDEUS (Chile)
    Se analizan las estrategias residenciales adaptativas de parejas jóvenes de clase media para comprar o arrendar departamentos en el centro y pericentro de Santiago de Chile. Desde una investigación cualitativa, se describen complejos despliegues de capital social y económico. Ante diferentes barreras legales o económicas de un mercado crecientemente financiarizado, se observa la recurrencia a terceros agentes económicos, la extensión del arriendo, la postergación de la emancipación residencial y del ciclo vital, y la institucionalización de lazos afectivos.
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    Bringing Inequality Closer: A Comparative Urban Sociology of Socially Diverse Neighborhoods
    (2014) Ruiz-Tagle V., Javier
    This chapter addresses the issues of segregation and social mix by comparing two socially diverse neighbourhoods in Chicago (Cabrini Green and Near North) and Santiago (La Loma and La Florida area). It aims to understand how social relationships can be modified by a change in spatial configurations, questioning whether intergroup physical proximity triggers other processes of integration, notably functional, relational, and symbolic integration. Social mix leads to more amenities and some institutional change, but not to upward social mobility for the poor. Moreover, intergroup relationships in these socially mixed neighbourhoods are marked by fear, distrust, and avoidance and governed by increased material and symbolic competition. Ultimately, the physical proximity of social mix conceals the persistence of inequality and the forces that are actively maintaining segregation.
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    Conclusions
    (Wiley, 2021) Orum, Anthony; Ruiz-Tagle V., Javier; Vicari Haddock, Serena
    This conclusion presents some closing thoughts on the concepts covered in the preceding chapters of this book. The book focuses on European cities and Latin American cities, in particular, pointed to how cities in their regions may best be understood today as the products of unique configurations of circumstances and events, not simply of global forces. It draws on South Asian cities and regions are especially sensitive to the political issues that have arisen from rapid urban growth, especially to the mistreatment of women. Theoretical frameworks, in our view, can often get in the way of deeper understandings and better knowledge, perhaps especially in the field of urban studies. Perhaps one of the first and most significant concerns across the different regional of the role of the state in fostering urban development. In sub-Saharan Africa there is yet an alternative form of actions by the state regarding urban governance.
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    Crisis y espacialidad de los cuidados en pandemia: vivienda y barrio en Santiago de Chile
    (Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Escuela de Arquitectura, 2021) Link, Felipe; Ibarra Alonso, Macarena; Matus Madrid, Christian; Méndez, María Luisa; Ruiz-Tagle V., Javier; CEDEUS (Chile)
    Las condiciones materiales de la ciudad ofrecen evidencias sobre la segregación socioterritorial. Cuando se aplicaron las medidas sanitarias para controlar la propagación de coVid-19, esas condiciones hicieron evidente el alcance de la segregación en Santiago. Así, las escalas de ciudad, barrio y vivienda ofrecen entradas para comprender la crisis de los cuidados a nivel territorial, donde la segregación y el apoyo mutuo han sido sus principales características.
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    Ideologías coloniales, narrativas y percepciones populares persistentes de otredad etno-racial en las cambiantes dinámicas de exclusión urbana: debates y evidencia sobre México, Colombia, Chile y Argentina
    (Instituto de Investigaciones Gino Germani (UBA), 2022) Ruiz-Tagle V., Javier; Aguilera, Carolina
    Tal como en la mayor parte del mundo, la raza y la etnicidad en América Latina fue desarrollada a través de prácticas europeas de conversión de rasgos biológicos en significantes cruciales de diferencia durante el período colonial (Wade, 2010). La corona española mandató un sistema de castas que impulsó una separación entre españoles, indígenas, afrodescendientes y sus variadas mezclas, segregando así a la población en varias dimensiones de la vida social, incluyendo el ámbito residencial.
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    Propuestas de política pública para apoyar el desarrollo de cooperativas de vivienda autogestionarias en Chile
    (Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 2021) Ruiz-Tagle V., Javier; Valenzuela Ormeño, Felipe Eduardo; Czischke, Darinka; Cortés Urra, Valentina; Carroza, Nelson; Encinas Pino, Felipe
    En un contexto de crisis global de acceso a la vivienda y con una política habitacional que muestra crecientes señales de agotamiento en Chile, emerge la necesidad de buscar alternativas para hacer posible la realización del derecho a la vivienda. Diversas organizaciones de pobladores y pobladoras han buscado obtener mayores espacios para la autogestión de sus proyectos habitacionales, encontrando en las cooperativas de vivienda una opción para desarrollar estos objetivos. En este documento se proponen algunos lineamientos para apoyar el desarrollo de cooperativas autogestionarias en Chile, basados en la revisión de experiencias internacionales y la historia del cooperativismo de vivienda en el país, sumado al análisis de recientes iniciativas piloto para cooperativas de vivienda cerrada que son financiadas por el Ministerio de Vivienda y Urbanismo a través del Fondo Solidario de Elección de Vivienda (DS49). La propuesta contiene lineamientos en torno al modelo de financiamiento, el régimen de propiedad y gestión del suelo, el modelo de gestión y ayuda mutua, y las condiciones de habitabilidad, con el objetivo de fomentar los principios de la autogestión, la democracia y la solidaridad en un modelo cooperativo que pueda convertirse en una alternativa plausible para el acceso a la vivienda.
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    Segregación Residencial, Guetos y Políticas de Dispersión
    (Editorial Universitaria, 2013) Ruiz-Tagle V., Javier; López Morales, Ernesto; Arriagada, Camilo; Jirón, Paola; Eliash, Humberto
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    The symbolic (re)production of marginality: Social construction, internalization, and concrete consequences of territorial stigmatization in a poor neighborhood of Santiago de Chile
    (2024) Álvarez Vandeputte, Martín; Ruiz-Tagle V., Javier; CEDEUS (Chile)
    Territorial stigmatization is a socially-constructed, symbolic representation of a place created and manipulated by external agents, which, once established, becomes decisive for the future of that place and its residents. This discredit is wide and perdurable and operates 'from above,' in the media, public officials, and part of academia, and 'from below,' in everyday interactions. Through a qualitative case-study in Santiago de Chile, mainly based on interviews and participant observations, this article shows the entire process of stigmatization: how these symbolic representations are socially constructed by different actors; how they are assumed in the discourses of residents, with a variety of reactions that include submissive internalization, naturalization, and a politicized challenge; and how these representations trigger the abandonment from several actors, which is conceptualized by residents as living in 'Red Zones' of chronic institutional abandonment. We finish suggesting that stigmatization operates as an institutional mechanism that intervenes in the relationship between poverty concentration and the emergence of social problems.
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    Urban marginality and institutional effects: Disinvestment, inefficacy, and stigmatization in Santiago de Chile
    (2023) Ruiz-Tagle V., Javier; Álvarez Vandeputte, Martín; Labbé, Gricel
    “Neighborhood effects” research, which maintains that poverty concentration generates a variety of social problems, has been questioned for concealing the role of powerful institutions. As an alternative, we focus on external institutions’ practices in marginal neighborhoods and their impact on the emergence of social problems. Through a qualitative case-study of three neighborhoods in Santiago, we observed institutional practices and identified three distinct mechanisms. Through disinvestments, these neighborhoods have been turned into “Red Zones,” because of public, private, and civil institutions’ refusal to establish themselves and to deliver their services there. Through inaction and inefficacy, public intervention has been deeply intermittent, negligent, and uncoordinated. Finally, through territorial stigmatization, these neighborhoods have almost become no-go areas. Several material and symbolic consequences have resulted from these practices, including direct and indirect connections with social problems. These have implications for the debate on “neighborhood effects” and for social mix policies.
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    Violent demonstrations in marginal territories and their place in politics: A case study in Lo Hermida, Santiago de Chile
    (2024) López Campos, Alonso Javier; Ruiz-Tagle V., Javier
    This article aims to investigate violent demonstrations in marginal territories of Santiago de Chile and their political dimension, studying the territorial deployment of structural violence, transgressive protest actions, and subjectivation processes. These three dimensions tell us about the political, social, and territorial intertwining of violent demonstrations, based on Jacques Rancière's framework. We conducted a case study in Lo Hermida, a highly politicized self-constructed neighborhood born in the 1970s that is currently surrounded by transportation infrastructure and upscale urban developments. Using secondary sources, semi-structured interviews, and photo-elicitation with 14 residents of Lo Hermida, we show the way in which structural violence is experienced across the territory, how transgressive protest actions are carried out in violent demonstrations throughout it, and how processes of political subjectivation unfold from this. The conclusions emphasize the incorporation of the political-subjective dimension in the understanding of violence in marginal territories, highlighting its emergent characteristics in space.