Browsing by Author "Ruedlinger, Jenny"

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    Consumo de carnes rojas y procesadas: ¿qué nos deja la reciente polémica?
    (2019) Ruedlinger, Jenny; Ferreccio Readi, Catterina
    Recientemente se publicó una nueva guía de recomendaciones nutricionales sobre consumo de carnes rojas y procesadas que sugiere que los adultos continúen con su consumo habitual de ambos tipos de carne. Dicha recomendación ha sido ampliamente cuestionada puesto que es contraria a las actualmente vigentes que cuentan con consenso internacional y que sugieren limitar el consumo de carne roja y evitar el de carne procesada. Dada la confusión creada por esta nueva guía nutricional y los posibles perjuicios que podría traer para la población el atender a estas nuevas recomendaciones, las autoras ofrecemos un análisis crítico de esta publicación. Para esto, contrastamos la interpretación de la evidencia del impacto en la salud de las carnes rojas y procesadas de las agencias internacionales con el análisis que hace esta nueva guía. Demostramos que la guía publicada en Annals of Internal Medicine no entrega nueva información, sólo intenta una reinterpretación, posiblemente sesgada, de los estudios que demostraron el daño a la salud de la carne roja y procesada. En su evaluación, ignoran los estudios mecanísticos y ensayos en animales y desestiman el impacto ambiental de las dietas humanas en base a carnes rojas. Concluimos que es importante que la comunidad no se confunda con esta publicación y mantenga su adherencia a lo que hoy se considera una dieta ideal y ambientalmente sostenible para la humanidad: dieta en base a verduras, frutas, legumbres, carnes blancas, reducida en carnes rojas y baja en azúcares refinadas y sal.
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    Enfermedad por hígado graso no alcohólico y dieta mediterránea en participantes de la cohorte MAUCO
    (2020) Jablonka, Ronnie; Ferreccio Readi, Catterina; Ruedlinger, Jenny; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Medicina
    Objetivos: determinar la asociación entre enfermedad por hígado graso no alcohólico (EHGNA) y la adherencia a Dieta Mediterránea (DMed) y algunos de sus componentes. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal en participantes de la cohorte MAUCO, con encuesta de frecuencia alimentaria y ecografía hepatobiliar, excluyéndose a quienes reportaron consumo riesgoso de alcohol. La adherencia a DMed se evaluó con el Índice Chileno de Dieta Mediterránea (IDM-Chile). Resultados: Se ingresaron 6.882 participantes (56,8% mujeres, edad promedio 53,6 años, DS ± 9,65); La prevalencia de EHGNA fue mayor a mayor edad, en sujetos con obesidad, síndrome metabólico, hipertensión arterial y diabetes. La baja adherencia a DMed no se asoció con EHGNA (odds ratio (OR) 0,99; 95% IC 0,89-1,11, ajustado por sexo, edad, índice de masa corporal y actividad física). Un alto consumo de lácteos enteros (OR=1,16; 95% IC 1,03-1,30), mantequilla y crema (OR=1,22; 95% IC 1,07-1,40), carnes rojas grasas (OR=1,14; 95% IC 1,01-1,28) y carnes procesadas (OR=1,15; 95% IC 1,03-1,28) se asoció significativamente a EHGNA, mientras que el consumo menor al ideal de pescados y mariscos, y lácteos descremados y fermentados se asoció con menor prevalencia de EHGNA (OR=0,74; 95% IC 0,58-0,93 y OR=0,63; 95% IC 0,45-0,89, respectivamente). Conclusión: Si bien no se observó una asociación entre adherencia a DMed y EHGNA, el consumo no saludable de lácteos enteros, mantequilla y crema, carnes grasas y carnes procesadas se asoció con una mayor prevalencia de EHGNA. En esta población no se evidenció un efecto protector de pescados y mariscos ni de lácteos fermentados.
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    Processed meat consumption and associated factors in Chile: A cross-sectional study nested in the MAUCO cohort
    (2022) Ruedlinger, Jenny; Cid Ossandón, Vicente Salvador; Huidobro M., Andrea; Van De Wyngard, Vanessa; Vargas, Claudio; Ferreccio Readi, Catterina
    Processed meat consumption is increasing in Latin America. While in developed countries processed meat consumption has been associated with cardiovascular diseases and cancer, our region lacks data associated to its consumption and health impact. We characterized processed meat intake and associated factors in a population-based cohort of a Chilean agricultural county, MAUCO. We analyzed baseline dietary data of 7,841 participants, 4,358 women and 3,483 men (38–77 years), who answered an adapted Mediterranean index food frequency questionnaire. Eight percent of the participants presented high processed meat consumption (?5 times per week). We explored associations of processed meat consumption with participant characteristics using multinomial logistic regression models. Main factors associated with higher consumption were being men, younger and currently employed, and having a high intake (>4 times per week) of red meat (Odds ratio, 2.71, 95% CI 2.10–3.48), butter/cream (1.96, 1.60–2.41), whole-fat dairy products (1.32, 1.04–1.67) and a high intake (?1 time per day) of sugary snacks/sweets (2.49, 2.04–3.03) and sugary drinks (1.97, 1.63–2.38). Processed meat consumption associated to chronic diseases, particularly cardiovascular disease (Prevalence ratio, 2.28, 95% CI 1.58–3.29). Obesity mediated this association in a proportion of 5.0%, whereas for diabetes the proportion was 13.9%. In this population, processed meat was associated with other unhealthy dietary and lifestyle factors, as well as with chronic diseases, particularly cardiovascular disease.
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    Processed meat eater profile in a Latin-American cohort
    (2020) Ruedlinger, Jenny; Paredes, F.; Cid, V.; Huidobro, Andrea; Ferreccio, Catterina
    Background: We aim to describe the prevalence, distribution and factors associated to processed meat (e.g. sausages, bacon) consumption (PMC) in a Chilean population-based cohort. This is the first study to explore this exposure in Chile. Methods: We studied 7841 participants of the Maule Cohort, 4358 women, 3483 men aged 37 to 77 years, who answered an epidemiological survey (diet, alcohol, health, socioeconomic), had a medical examination, and provided fasting blood. We stratified them in five groups by weekly frequency of PMC from (1) none, (2) <1/week, (3) 1/week, (4) 2-4/week to (5) >5/week. We analyzed MAUCO cohort baseline data in association with PMC. We estimated Prevalence ratios (PR) with Poisson regression (age, schooling & sex adjusted) and with multinomial logistic regression we modelled PMC using group 1 as reference. Results: High consumers were 8% (7% women, 9% men). Binge drinking was more common among participants in groups 2, 3 & 4 (Relative Risk Ratio, RRR) 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-1.52; 1.28, CI 1.0-1.55 & 1.32, CI 1.08-1.6). As for diet, participants consuming red meat (>4 /week, 2.79; CI 2.13-3.66), butter/cream (>4 times/week, 2.07; CI 1.62-2.64), sugary snacks/sweets (≥1 time/day, 2.26; 1.81-2.83) and sugary drinks (≥1 time/day, 1.85; CI 1.48-2.31) were more likely to be in the high PMC group. Cardiovascular diseases (1.72, 1.17-2.52) and large waist circumference (1.01, 1.0 - 1.02) were more common in participants in the high PMC group. Conclusions: High consumption of processed meat is accompanied by other behaviors and risk factors that can potentiate adverse health effects in this population. Key messages: In Chile, little attention has been given to potential health impacts of processed meat. This work aims to bring focus to this issue. High processed meat consumption was associated with other non-healthy foods, risky alcohol intake and unhealthy weight, all of which can increase the risk of chronic diseases.
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    The Phylogeographic Diversity of EBV and Admixed Ancestry in the Americas-Another Model of Disrupted Human-Pathogen Co-Evolution
    (2019) Corvalán Rodríguez, Alejandro; Ruedlinger, Jenny; Mayo, Tomás de; Polakovicova, Iva; González-Hormázabal, Patricio; Aguayo, Francisco
    Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an etiological agent for gastric cancer with significant worldwide variations. Molecular characterizations of EBV have shown phylogeographical variations among healthy populations and in EBV-associated diseases, articularly the cosegregated BamHI-I fragment and XhoI restriction site of exon 1 of the LMP-1 gene. In the Americas, both cosegregated variants are present in EBV carriers, which aligns with the history of Asian and European human migration to this continent. Furthermore, novel recombinant variants have been found, reflecting the genetic makeup of this continent. However, in the case of EBV-associated gastric cancer (EBV-associated GC), the cosegregated European BamHI-“i” fragment and XhoI restriction site strain prevails. Thus, we propose that a disrupted coevolution between viral phylogeographical strains and mixed human ancestry in the Americas might explain the high prevalence of this particular gastric cancer subtype. This cosegregated region contains two relevant transcripts for EBV-associated GC, the BARF-1 and miR-BARTs. Thus, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) or targeted sequencing of both transcripts may be required to clarify their role as a potential source of this disrupted coevolution.