Browsing by Author "Rudnick Van de Wyngard, Hugh"

Now showing 1 - 17 of 17
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    Approaches to transmission planning: A transmission expansion game
    (IEEE, 2012) Molina Castro, Juan David; Contreras, Javier; Rudnick Van de Wyngard, Hugh
    Defining and making decisions about network investments has become a hard task in a competitive environment. This work defines a methodology to look for expansion alternatives in a transmission system. We propose a Transmission Expansion Game model that consists of four main elements: i) generating transmission expansion plan scenarios, ii) valuation of a project based on the design of a linear contract, bargaining solutions and hidden actions, iii) optimal value of a risky investor's portfolio made up of several projects, and iv) transmission cost allocation with wind energy assets. The results obtained show that the model developed is efficient to solve the combinatorial problem. A principal-agent model obtains the real costs of the bidders and creates incentives for disclosure of information. The private optimal portfolio and bargaining for allocation cost gives evidence for the central planner to adjust the project assignment process and to carry out the proposed expansion plan efficiently. To test the methodology we analyze the Chilean Central Interconnected System.
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    Assessment of generators strategic behavior in long term supply contract auctions using portfolio concepts
    (IEEE, 2009) Roubik Rojas, Eduardo Andrés.; Rudnick Van de Wyngard, Hugh
    Long term supply contracts (LTSC) auctions are being used worldwide as a tool to stimulate system expansion in electrical markets. The need to assess the strategic behavior of generation investors is herein addressed. The assumption made is that risk aversion considerations directly affect Genco's strategic behavior, and an ad-hoc static competitive game model is constructed to prove this assumption, using portfolio concepts. The model is applied to the Chilean electricity market, using real parameters and the observed behaviors in the past October 2006 Disco's LTSCs auctions. Given that the Chilean LTSCs are auctioned using combinatorial auctions, simplifications are made to address the exponentially increasing simulating time cost in obtaining Gencos strategic behavior. For that purpose, a discrete number of possible prices to offer and reduced supply block division possibilities are used. The results obtained show that risk aversion concepts directly affect the auction results. Additionally, it is shown that only the spot price uncertainty can be hedged with LTSC and therefore it is the only relevant uncertainty in this. Both aforementioned conclusions must be taken into account in any LTSC auction design.
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    Design of Demand Response programs in emerging countries
    (IEEE, 2012) Martínez Aranza, Víctor Julio; Rudnick Van de Wyngard, Hugh
    Demand Response (DR) programs are not a new concept; moreover, the key technologies for their implementation are already successful. However, DR applications in a worldwide context have been slow, especially in the industrial and commercial sector. Despite this, emerging countries have great opportunities to internalize these policies in their energy planning and economic growth programs, so as to maximize their use as a tool integrated to energy markets. DR may allow to deal with the risks associated with system demand and to satisfy the reliability needs of an active and dynamic energy market. For this to take place, one should migrate to active and dynamic demand response, under reliability criteria based on the smart grid paradigm. This article formulates a new perspective of demand response in emerging countries, based on the US and European experience, with important programs, mechanisms and instruments of demand management and integration processes in smart grids. It reviews strategies, challenges and opportunities of incorporating demand response programs in emerging countries, with an emphasis on designs for Latin America.
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    Discrete optimization via simulation to determine reliable network investments
    (IEEE, 2017) Lagos, T.; Ordóñez, F.; Sacaan, Rafael; Rudnick Van de Wyngard, Hugh; Navarro-Espinosa, A.; Moreno, R.
    Solving optimization problems in power systems planning often imposes a compromise between the accurate representation of the power system operation and the simplifications made in the mathematical methodologies used to find the optimal solution. Hence, classic heuristic algorithms go deep modelling operational details without having a clear message about the quality of the solution, whereas mathematical programming approaches find the optimal solution by (significantly) simplifying system operation. In this vein, this article proposes the utilization of Discrete Optimization via Simulation algorithms to solve optimization problems when a detailed representation of the system and information about the quality of the solution are required. In particular, the Industrial Strength COMPASS algorithm is applied to find the optimal set of new transmission lines that maximizes power system reliability given a certain budget and considering a detailed power system model, where a full unit commitment with network constraints and an hourly sequential Monte Carlo are implemented.
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    Ensuring Resource Adequacy with Auctions of Options and Forward Contracts
    (IEEE, 2007) Barroso, L. A.; Rudnick Van de Wyngard, Hugh; Moreno, R.; Bezerra, B.
    The implementation of auctions of long-term firm energy call options and forward contracts as part of the instruments adopted in emerging countries to ensure resource adequacy is discussed. These mechanisms are being implemented in Latin American nations (Brazil, Chile, Peru, El Salvador and Panama) and fast-growing economies in Europe such as Turkey. Brazil has led this process and in overall has auctioned about 25,000 average MW of contracts, involving about 65 billion USD in financial transactions, while Chile has carried out its first auction in 2006, involving about 1,300 average MW (30% of energy sales of the main interconnected Chilean system expected for 2010). Overall, this mechanism is proving to be adequate to attract investments and ensure resource adequacy.
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    Genetic algorithm model to control peak demand to defer capacity investment
    (IEEE, 2012) Alamos Guzmán, Oscar Marcelo.; Rudnick Van de Wyngard, Hugh
    This paper formulates and develops a peak demand control tool for electric systems within the framework of direct load control plans. This tool allows defining a load dispatch centre for central air conditioning systems in commercial buildings, hence allowing a measured control of peak demand for such pieces of equipment, which are known for their important influence in the end customers' consumption and for the correlation their demand curve has with the system demand curve during summer months. Traditionally, this type of application has been developed in the field of demand management; however, the high energy consumption growth rates have taken electric firms to analyze their application on the system expansion planning, hence deferring, or even preventing, the need to invest in capacity to supply the demand during peak periods. The generic model presented herein is evaluated in an actual urban substation, characterized by a predominant commercial consumption, by the contribution of the air conditioning systems in the substation loads, and by the problems present in its capacity to expand; model that is solved through advanced genetic algorithm techniques.
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    Importance of hourly multi-bus unit commitment models in the context of high adoption of variable renewable energies: A chilean example
    (IEEE, 2017) Ávila, Fernanda; Navarro Espinosa, Alejandro; Ayala, Javier; Córdova, Samuel; Cerda Vasquez, Pablo Eduardo; Rudnick Van de Wyngard, Hugh
    The increasing levels of Variable Renewable Energies (VRE) require additional levels of flexibility in present power systems due to their intermittency and the resulting needs of reserve for increasing/reducing the generation with enough speed to maintain the system balance. In this context, the traditional long-term hydrothermal optimal dispatch models are not sufficient to adequately represent this situation, particularly in systems with hydro reservoirs that can store water from one period to another. These models do not use sequential representation of time periods (on the contrary, they work with load blocks) and they do not incorporate most of the non-linear constraints to model specific characteristics such as: minimum power, ramp up/down rates, stabilization times, minimum time in service, minimum down-time, etc. Therefore, more detailed models must be used to comprehensively represent the impact of VRE in the system operation. To assess the true cost of power system operation with high adoption of VRE, this work develops a detailed multi-bus hourly unit commitment model with all non-linear constraints, showing the importance of this type of model for assessing cycling and start-up in the new VRE paradigm.
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    Improving power system reliability through optimization via simulation
    (IEEE, 2017) Sacaan, Rafael; Rudnick Van de Wyngard, Hugh; Lagos, Tomás; Ordóñez, Fernando; Navarro Espinosa, Alejandro; Moreno, Rodrigo
    Due to the stochastic nature of equipment failures, the accurate assessment of power system reliability is a complex task. Consequently, the optimal selection of new network infrastructure to improve reliability is even harder. In this paper, an optimization via simulation approach is proposed to find the optimal set of network assets to improve system reliability. Particularly, an Industrial Strength COMPASS algorithm is implemented to find the optimal set of new transmission lines that maximizes system reliability subject to a budget constraint. This algorithm iteratively proposes, in a first stage, a set of new transmission lines that are then tested, in a second stage, via simulation of the system operation, including impact of various network failures. In the second stage, the sequence day-ahead unit commitment plus real-time operation is modeled along with a sequential Monte Carlo simulation to determine highly detailed system operation under network outages and thus calculate the associated expected energy not supplied.
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    Influence of modeling in load flow analysis of three phase distribution systems
    (IEEE, 1990) Rudnick Van de Wyngard, Hugh; Muñoz Montecinos, Cristián Marcelo
    The authors present a comparison of three phase load flow algorithms for distribution power systems. Reference is made to traditional single-phase load flow methods used in transmission systems and the main three-phase load flow methods used in distribution. Studies of two Chilean distribution networks are made with an algorithm based on the power summation method, and a comparison of errors and the influence of modeling are reported.<>
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    Insertion of distributed generation into rural feeders
    (IEEE, 2009) Mohr Ríoseco, Ricardo Alberto; Moreno, R.; Rudnick Van de Wyngard, Hugh
    The connection of renewable energy distributed generators (DG) to radial feeders is assessed. Often, the long distance between renewable power sources and the transmission system, in addition to the small capacity of these generators, renders unprofitable the installation of private lines from the DG to that system. This situation motivates the DG owner to connect the generator to the distribution network. The distribution systems, however, are not usually designed to receive energy at the consumer end. This problem intensifies in developing countries where rural distribution systems are very limited. Thus, when connecting a DG to a radial feeder it is often necessary to upgrade the feeder. A methodology is proposed and developed to evaluate the costs of optimally upgrading the radial feeder when a DG is installed.
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    Private planning of transmission expansion through cooperative games
    (IEEE, 2007) Serrano Sanhueza, Rosa Herminia; Zolezzi Cid, Juan Manuel; Rudnick Van de Wyngard, Hugh; Araneda, Juan C.
    From the social perspective, transmission planning has been broadly studied developing models that minimize expansion costs, subject to technical-economical restrictions that guarantee system security and stability. In a deregulated electric market, planning must allow the optimal development of the network at a minimum cost, based on economic and technical efficiency incentives, with proper reliability and quality of service levels, and adapted to the requirements of generation companies and consumers. This work studies the expansion of transmission systems from the private perspective, developing a static expansion model based on the interaction of market agents using cooperative game theory. The major results are the expanded transmission system and the agents involved in the expansion. It is illustrated for a small system and applied to the IEEE 24-bus system.
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    Renewable energy integration: Mechanism for investment on bulk power transmission
    (IEEE, 2010) Molina Castro, Juan David; Rudnick Van de Wyngard, Hugh
    Transmission has established itself as a natural monopoly, and as such, the prices and remaining access and operating conditions of the transmission system have been regulated. In the regulations existing before the electric sector reform there was a single planner that determined the generation and transmission expansion. However, each time more mechanisms have been implemented that have allowed individualizing the agents of interest and as such, uncoupling planning and investment from the power plants and grids. This has brought a problem based on the optimal and timely investment on grids, mainly when power injection is considered with high uncertainty, as it usually happens with renewable energies. This work faces this problem considering a grid game under a non-cooperative environment, which is solved under the concepts of the Nash-Bayesian equilibrium. Two case studies are implemented, a bilateral and a coordination scenario for a reduced grid of the Chilean interconnected system. The Bayesian mechanisms describe the various interests of the agents, which tend to be more conflictive, hence increasing the complexity of the transmission expansion game. In coordinated environments it becomes necessary to create incentives for a timely investment in the grid. In grid modeling there are two core aspects to be considered from the strategic viewpoint. The first one is the costs and benefits model. They allow determining how the grid is formed based on individual incentives to maintain or not maintaining its links. The second aspect is the one that determines or forecasts how the individual incentives are translated into the formation of the grid. It is concluded that without a correct design of incentives to expand the grid, transmission will become a constraint for the optimal participation of renewable energies.
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    Seismic resilience assessment and adaptation of the Northern Chilean power system
    (IEEE, 2017) Espinoza Lara, Sebastián Andres; Poulos Campbell, Alan John; Rudnick Van de Wyngard, Hugh; Llera Martin, Juan Carlos de la; Panteli, Mathaios; Mancarella, Pierluigi; Sacaan, Rafael; Navarro, Alejandro; Moreno, Rodrigo
    Even though the concept of resilience is becoming widely used in electric power systems, there is no consensus on how to systematically model or quantify it. This article begins by proposing a classification for different types of system risk analyses, associating them to the concept of power systems resilience. Thereafter, it describes and applies a resilience assessment and adaptation framework to the Northern Chilean electric power system in the context of its exposure to seismic events. This time-dependent analysis is evaluated throughout the disaster's impact and the network's operation and restoration timeframes with two indices: Energy not Supplied and Energy Index of Unreliability. Finally, the article compares a base case with three resilience adaptation strategies, namely, robust, redundant and responsive cases, in terms of their expected energy annual loss and the return period of different levels of network performance.
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    Technological impact of non-conventional renewable energy in the Chilean electricity system
    (IEEE, 2010) Molina Castro, Juan David; Martinez Aranza, Victor Julio; Rudnick Van de Wyngard, Hugh
    Renewable energy has had a steady growth in power systems worldwide. The high uncertainty about what type of renewable technology meets technical and economic variables of the energy markets and what could be the participation in the energy matrix are important long term energy planning challenges that need to be identified and evaluated. This work assesses different scenarios of future development of the Chilean electricity matrix and the technological contribution of renewables. They are formulated within the Chilean Central Interconnected System and determine the evolution of technological diversity variables, costs, CO2 emissions and energy injection. The scenarios illustrate the need to strengthen the transmission system and the importance of improving and / or incorporating mechanisms to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and the maximization of renewable resources in Chile. Future work will establish the impact of intermittent renewable technologies on power system operation.
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    The difficulties of open access and pricing in distribution networks
    (IEEE, 2007) Rudnick Van de Wyngard, Hugh; Mocarquer, S.; Mohr Rioseco, Ricardo Alberto
    Chile has had a successful experience of over 20 years of applying benchmark price regulation to its distribution companies. The same can not be said on implementing open access to the distribution networks, given the vertical integration of the wire business and the retail activity. This summary discusses barriers of entries to third parties that want to compete with the distribution companies and explains the pricing access scheme that has been formulated.
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    Transmission expansion investment: Cooperative or non-cooperative game?
    (IEEE, 2010) Molina Castro, Juan David; Rudnick Van de Wyngard, Hugh
    The debate on which is the best incentive for transmission expansion is still active. Discussions center on economic mechanisms based on game theory to expand transmission. There is a mix of experiences and they vary in function of the level of interaction of market agents. Identifying the agents' strategies will allow a better understanding of the market's dynamics. This article assesses regulatory incentives based on the market for transmission expansion. Game theory fundamentals are developed, namely, the cooperative and non-cooperative games. Four base cases of a bi-nodal model were implemented. It is claimed that given the individual interests (egotistical) and grid characteristics (non-stored energy, circulating flows and variables), the transmission expansion fits better to a non-cooperative model. An alternative analysis is the design of Bayesian mechanisms.
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    Transmission expansion plan: Ordinal and metaheuristic multiobjective optimization
    (IEEE, 2011) Molina Castro, Juan David; Rudnick Van de Wyngard, Hugh
    Electric energy transmission is essential for the operation of competitive energy markets. Transmission expansion planning has been defined as a complex combinatorial optimization problem. This work puts forward a description of the solution techniques and alternatives to implement the transmission system's expansion. A model that considers Multi-objective Optimization - MOO - criteria is proposed under the concepts of Tabu Search - TS - Ordinal Optimization - OO - and Pareto optimality. The model proposed generates expansion plans under the Pareto optimality approach. It shows acceptable solutions under robustness and algorithmic speed criteria. The results obtained in the test systems show that the model developed is effective to find the solution for the combinatorial problem. Multi-objective optimization defines a set of feasible solutions that establishes expansion plans scenarios.