Browsing by Author "Rovira Kaltwasser, Cristóbal"

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    Castigo a los oficialismos y ciclo político de derecha en América Latina
    (2021) Luna, Juan Pablo; Rovira Kaltwasser, Cristóbal
    El artículo presenta una caracterización de tres estrategias (no electoral, electoral no partidaria, y partidaria) que la derecha emplea en América Latina actualmente. Analizando el derrotero reciente de los sistemas de partido en la región argumentamos también que el denominado giro a la derecha constituye un proceso de alternancia generado por el castigo a los oficialismos de la última década y media (mayoritariamente de izquierda), más que un realineamiento ideológico estructural. La alternancia se produce, además, en un contexto en que tienden a desaparecer o debilitarse significativamente los partidos establecidos, y en el que irrumpen vehículos electorales usualmente evanescentes. Finalmente, argumentamos que no parece existir hoy espacio en la región -especialmente debido a la crisis social asociada a los efectos de la pandemia del covid-19- para el fortalecimiento de una derecha neoliberal. Sin embargo, el contexto actual sí parece propicio para el surgimiento de outsiders de derecha, capaces de estructurar una agenda prorden que incorpore, en distintas proporciones, políticas de mano dura, conservadurismo valórico, y liberalismo de mercado.
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    How citizens’ conceptions of democracy relate to positive and negative partisanship towards populist parties
    (Routledge, 2023) Wegscheider, Carsten; Rovira Kaltwasser, Cristóbal; Van Hauwaert, Steven M.
    Although scholars emphasise the contentious relationship of populist forces to (liberal) democracy, less attention has been paid to whether this extends to those who support or oppose populist parties. This article utilises a public opinion dataset from ten Western European countries to analyse how citizens’ conceptions of democracy relate to the behavioural intention to vote for or against populist parties. The empirical analysis shows that positive and negative identification with populist parties is driven by different understandings of democracy: While individuals who are less inclined to liberal democracy but more to direct democracy and authoritarian forms of rule are more likely to sympathise with populist parties, the opposite understanding of democracy predicts opposition to both left-wing and right-wing populists. These findings demonstrate that citizens with positive and negative partisanship towards populist parties are divided in their interpretations about both the conceptual meaning and the normative functioning of democracy.
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    The arrival of the populist radical right in Chile José Antonio Kast and the "Partido Republicano"
    (JOHN BENJAMINS PUBLISHING CO, 2023) Díaz, Camila; Rovira Kaltwasser, Cristóbal; Zanotti, Lisa
    Despite the increasing influence of populist radical right (PRR) forces at the global level, they have been absent in Chile until very recently. Today, however, the conditions seem to be ripe for the consolidation of the PRR in the country. As we show in this contribution, Jose Antonio Kast and the Partido Republicano advance a programmatic agenda that emphasizes authoritarian, nativist, and populist ideas. We also demonstrate certain peculiarities of this political project, which differentiates it from its European brethren. In fact, the party has adopted very clear neoliberal positions and puts much more emphasis on outgroup distinctions within rather than outside the nation. Moreover, given that Jose Antonio Kast and the Partido Republicano maintain a very fluid relationship with the mainstream right, collaboration between the two seems much simpler and more feasible than in most European cases.
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    The Ideational Approach to Populism: Concept, Theory and Method
    (Routledge, 2019) Hawkins, Kirk A.; Rovira Kaltwasser, Cristóbal; Castanho Silva, Bruno; March, Luke; Grbeša, Marijana; Šalaj, Berto; Wiesehomeier, Nina; Andreadis, Ioannis; Ruth, Saskia P.; Van Hauwaert, Steven M.; Schimpf, Christian H.; Azevedo, Flavio; Anduiza, Eva; Blanuša, Nebojša; Morlet Corti, Yazmin; Delfino, Gisela; Rico, Guillem; Spruyt, Bram; Steenbergen, Marco; Littvay, Levente; Hawkins, Kirk A.; Carlin, Ryan E.; Littvay, Levente; Rovira Kaltwasser, Cristóbal
    Populism is on the rise in Europe and the Americas. Scholars increasingly understand populist forces in terms of their ideas or discourse, one that envisions a cosmic struggle between the will of the common people and a conspiring elite. In this volume, we advance populism scholarship by proposing a causal theory and methodological guidelines – a research program – based on this ideational approach. This program argues that populism exists as a set of widespread attitudes among ordinary citizens, and that these attitudes lie dormant until activated by weak democratic governance and policy failure. It offers methodological guidelines for scholars seeking to measure populist ideas and test their effects. And, to ground the program empirically, it tests this theory at multiple levels of analysis using original data on populist discourse across European and US party systems; case studies of populist forces in Europe, Latin America, and the US; survey data from Europe and Latin America; and experiments in Chile, the US, and the UK. The result is a truly systematic, comparative approach that helps answer questions about the causes and effects of populism.
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    The populist radical right beyond Europe
    (JOHN BENJAMINS PUBLISHING CO, 2023) Rovira Kaltwasser, Cristóbal; Zanotti, Lisa
    Although the populist radical right (PRR) has become a global phenomenon, research about it focuses much more on Europe than on other regions. To counter this imbalance, this special issue provides comparative evidence on the discourse elaborated by the PRR on six non-European countries: Australia, Brazil, Chile, India, Turkey, and the United States. As we will show, non-European PRR forces articulate authoritarian, nativist, and populist ideas in different ways than their European brethren and they employ specific ideological elements (e.g., neoliberalism and religion) to advance discourses that resonate with the social grievances that are preponderant in the context wherein they operate. This reveals that part of the success of the PRR is related to its discursive flexibility and capacity to adapt itself with the aim of constructing frames that connect with the anxieties experimented by segments of the voting public across different national and regional settings.
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    The resilience of the Latin American right
    (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2014) Luna, Juan Pablo; Luna, Juan Pablo; Rovira Kaltwasser, Cristóbal
    This comparative study of Latin American conservative politics over the past twenty years analyzes right-of-center actors, electoral movements, parties, and economic policy dynamics.Since the late 1990s, when Latin American countries began making a “turn to the left,” political parties and candidates on the right end of the partisan spectrum have had a difficult time achieving electoral success. Although the left turn can be seen as a natural reaction to the public’s general dissatisfaction with the conservative modernization policies of the 1980s and 1990s, left-of-center politics are by no means permanent. In The Resilience of the Latin American Right, Juan Pablo Luna and Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser seek to “right” this view by explaining the strategies conservative political parties have used to maintain a foothold in the region’s electoral and governance processes. The editors provide an analytical framework for conceptualizing the right that works for both historic and contemporary politics, and the volume’s contributors use the framework to evaluate right-of-center political activity across the continent. They find that conservative forces are pursuing a range of adaptive strategies, including nonelectroral and nonpartisan tactics. The book’s four thematic sections include an analysis of parties and elections in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Mexico, Peru, and Venezuela.Students and scholars of both Latin American politics and comparative politics will find The Resilience of the Latin American Right of vital interest.