Browsing by Author "Rojas Quezada, Carolina Alejandra"
Now showing 1 - 20 of 41
Results Per Page
Sort Options
- ItemA global horizon scan for urban evolutionary ecology(2022) Verrelli, Brian C.; Alberti, Marina; Des Roches, Simone; Harris, Nyeema C.; Hendry, Andrew P.; Johnson, Marc T. J.; Savage, Amy M.; Charmantier, Anne; Gotanda, Kiyoko M.; Govaert, Lynn; Miles, Lindsay S.; Rivkin, L. Ruth; Winchell, Kristin M.; Brans, Kristien I.; Correa, Cristian; Diamond, Sarah E.; Fitzhugh, Ben; Grimm, Nancy B.; Hughes, Sara; Marzluff, John M.; Munshi-South, Jason; Rojas Quezada, Carolina Alejandra; Santangelo, James S.; Schell, Christopher J.; Schweitzer, Jennifer A.; Szulkin, Marta; Urban, Mark C.; Zhou, Yuyu; Ziter, CarlyThe impact of urbanization on biodiversity has been well documented, yet research into the complex dynamics of ecological and evolutionary processes in urban areas is still in its infancy. When novel research challenges emerge, a horizon scan exercise is an integrated approach that brings together global interdisciplinary-minded individuals to identify future research questions that can influence new collaborations and funding agenda. Our horizon scan identified 30 questions for future research in urban evolutionary ecology covering themes in fundamental ecological and evolutionary processes, temporal and spatial scales, sustainability, climate change, sociopolitical and ethical considerations, and innovation in technology. Research on the evolutionary ecology of urban areas reveals how human-induced evolutionary changes affect biodiversity and essential ecosystem services. In a rapidly urbanizing world imposing many selective pressures, a time-sensitive goal is to identify the emergent issues and research priorities that affect the ecology and evolution of species within cities. Here, we report the results of a horizon scan of research questions in urban evolutionary ecology submitted by 100 interdisciplinary scholars. We identified 30 top questions organized into six themes that highlight priorities for future research. These research questions will require methodological advances and interdisciplinary collaborations, with continued revision as the field of urban evolutionary ecology expands with the rapid growth of cities.
- ItemA temporal analysis of the consequences of the drought regime on the water footprint of agriculture in the Guadalupe Valley, Mexico(Wiley, 2024) Novoa, Vanessa; Rojas Quezada, Carolina Alejandra; Rojas, Octavio; Ahumada-Rudolph, Ramón; Moreno-Santoyo, RebecaChanges in water availability have a substantial impact on the sustainability and maintenance of agriculture, with water footprint (WF) being a robust methodology to assess these transformations. The Guadalupe Valley is one of the places with the highest agricultural production in Mexico. Despite its semi-arid climatic conditions, it provides high-quality crops that are well-positioned in the world. The historical trend of rainfall and temperatures between 1987 and 2017 was analyzed to identify climatic patterns in the territory. Through the calculations of the water footprint of Grapevine and Olive crops, the sensitivity of the crops to recurrent water deficit and their adaptation in their yields to drought episodes was identified. The reduction in precipitation and occurrence of extreme temperatures have contributed significantly towards augmenting crop evapotranspiration and, consequently, intensifying crop irrigation demands. As a result, there has been an apparent increase in the consumption of WFagricultural since 2007. Thus, the period of highest WFagricultural consumption was 2014 (Extremely dry), as opposed to 2011 (Very wet). In particular, the lowest WFgreen consumptions were observed in extremely dry years, that is, > 20% of the WFagricultural intensifying drought events. Therefore, these periods were compensated with higher uses of WFblue and WFgray, which are inversely correlated with precipitation, where vine crops consume 73% more WFagricultural compared to olive plantations, showing greater interannual variability. These results contribute to analyzing the temporal evolution of water consumption for agriculture, providing a basis for rational water use strategies.
- ItemA temporal analysis of the consequences of the drought regime on the water footprint of agriculture in the Guadalupe Valley, Mexico(Nature Research, 2024) Novoa, Vanessa; Rojas Quezada, Carolina Alejandra; Rojas, Octavio; Ahumada-Rudolph, Ramón; Moreno-Santoyo, RebecaChanges in water availability have a substantial impact on the sustainability and maintenance of agriculture, with water footprint (WF) being a robust methodology to assess these transformations. The Guadalupe Valley is one of the places with the highest agricultural production in Mexico. Despite its semi-arid climatic conditions, it provides high-quality crops that are well-positioned in the world. The historical trend of rainfall and temperatures between 1987 and 2017 was analyzed to identify climatic patterns in the territory. Through the calculations of the water footprint of Grapevine and Olive crops, the sensitivity of the crops to recurrent water deficit and their adaptation in their yields to drought episodes was identified. The reduction in precipitation and occurrence of extreme temperatures have contributed significantly towards augmenting crop evapotranspiration and, consequently, intensifying crop irrigation demands. As a result, there has been an apparent increase in the consumption of WFagricultural since 2007. Thus, the period of highest WFagricultural consumption was 2014 (Extremely dry), as opposed to 2011 (Very wet). In particular, the lowest WFgreen consumptions were observed in extremely dry years, that is, > 20% of the WFagricultural intensifying drought events. Therefore, these periods were compensated with higher uses of WFblue and WFgray, which are inversely correlated with precipitation, where vine crops consume 73% more WFagricultural compared to olive plantations, showing greater interannual variability. These results contribute to analyzing the temporal evolution of water consumption for agriculture, providing a basis for rational water use strategies.
- ItemAcceder caminando a los humedales urbanos: una opotunidad de recreación y bienestar(Universidad del Bío Bío, 2022) Rojas Quezada, Carolina Alejandra; Jorquera Guajardo, Felipe Ignacio; Steiniger, StefanLos humedales de las ciudades chilenas constituyen uno de los ecosistemas urbanos más afectados por los desarrollos inmobiliarios. A pesar de sus valores en recreación y en biodiversidad, sufren una constante pérdida de superficie, debido a deficientes procesos de planificación urbana. Sin embargo, ante el auge de las ciudades verdes y sustentables, se están revalorizando por medio de proyectos de restauración y de parques urbanos abiertos, de valor natural para el bienestar de los hábitats y la población. En este sentido, propiciar una accesibilidad con una infraestructura adecuada aportará a mejorar la calidad de vida de los habitantes y por supuesto del entorno urbano, concretamente a través de la integración de infraestructura verde-azul (blue-green infrastructure). Con la finalidad de contribuir al acceso a la naturaleza en ciudades, se realiza aquí un análisis de accesibilidad a pie, a una red de humedales llamada “La Ruta del Agua”, mediante una encuesta de percepción. Los humedales urbanos evaluados son 5 ecosistemas con distintos entornos barriales en Concepción Metropolitano (Chile). Si bien se trata de un caso de estudio local, representa una contribución metodológica relevante, dada la existencia de una gran cantidad de humedales urbanos degradados en Latinoamérica y en peligro de desaparecer. Los resultados de acceso muestran que los humedales son accesibles por vía de la caminata, pero el hecho de que sean poco visitados, pese a su cercanía a las zonas residenciales, revela su falta de integración como espacios abiertos, verdes, ricos en biodiversidad y aptos para la recreación en la ciudad de Concepción. Los resultados de este estudio son valiosos para el diseño de futuros de proyectos de parques en humedales, parques que deben considerar los valores ecosistémicos, la biodiversidad y la recreación para el bienestar de las personas.
- ItemAccesibilidad a equipamientos colectivos según movilidad y modos de transporte en una ciudad media, Los Ángeles, Chile(2019) Rojas Quezada, Carolina Alejandra; Martínez Bascuñán, Marcela; De la Fuente Contreras, Helen; Schäfer Faulbaum, Andrés; Aguilera Saéz, Felipe; Fuentes Mella, Gloria; Peyrín Fuentes, Consuelo; Carrasco Montagna Cruz, JuanLa relación entre distribución de equipamientos y servicios en sus diferentes ni-veles de accesibilidad según modos de transporte, muestra una serie de patrones espaciales de movilidad en la ciudad de Los Ángeles (Chile). El estudio analiza la accesibilidad a equipamientos colectivos en modos de transporte, mediante una serie indicadores cuantitativos, utilizando análisis de redes. Se emplean datos de viajes en modos de transporte privado, público y caminata, de la encuesta Origen-Destino (2004). Los resultados evidencian diferencias en la accesibilidad entre el centro y periferia de Los Ángeles. De hecho, la población del centro tiene alta acce-sibilidad, concentrando las mayores y mejores oportunidades. En contraste, la po-blación periférica en crecimiento que, en su mayoría, viaja largas distancias para acceder, especialmente en caminata. Este análisis contribuye a discutir sobre las implicancias de las oportunidades y el papel del transporte en la movilidad de ciu-dades medias de Latinoamérica con un centro preponderante.
- ItemAccesoBarrio - Medición de la accesibilidad urbana usando perfiles demográficos y Openstreetmap Neighborhood access(2018) Steiniger, Stefan; Fuentes, Cristian; Villegas, Rodrigo; Ardiles, Ricardo; Rojas Quezada, Carolina Alejandra; Poorazizi, Ebrahim
- ItemAccessibility Indicators for the Geographical Assessment of Transport Planning in Latin-America Metropolitan Area(2021) Rojas Quezada, Carolina Alejandra; Martínez, Marcela; Condeço-Melhorado, Ana; Carrasco, Juan AntonioAccessibility represents a key element in strengthening developed regions in terms of investment in transportation infrastructure. Accessibility is also an equity indicator to measure the ease with which a specific location achieves desired outcomes as well as the spillover effect; traditionally, these effects have been analyzed with econometric and engineering techniques, rather than from the perspective of geographical studies. The purpose of this research is to measure the spillover effects and the territorial cohesion of Infrastructure Regional Planning (PRI) for the Latin American metropolitan area of Concepción (MAC), Chile. To meet this purpose, locational and network efficiency indicators of spatial accessibility were calculated using network analysis in GIS. The results showed that the improvements differ according to the accessibility indicator employed; however, they generally showed benefits in consolidated urban centers and corridors near investment and industrial areas. In contrast, more distant and rural areas presented limited and irregular benefits.
- ItemAccessibility to equipment according to mobility and modes of transport in an average city, Los Angeles, Chile(2019) Rojas Quezada, Carolina Alejandra; Martínez Bascuñán, Marcela; De la Fuente Contreras, Helen; Schäfer Faulbaum, Andrés; Aguilera Saéz, Felipe; Fuentes Mella, Gloria; Peyrín Fuentes, Consuelo; Carrasco Montagna Cruz, Juan
- ItemAgenda Pública para la Zona Costera e Islas(Instituto de Estudios Urbanos y Territoriales, PUC, 2022) Bergamini Ladrón de Guevara, Kay Joaquín; Guzmán Martínez, Pablo; Moris Iturrieta, Roberto; Rojas Quezada, Carolina Alejandra; Vecchio, Giovanni; Alarcón Miranda, Andrea FranciscaActualmente las zonas costeras están sometidas a grandes transformaciones, ya sea por las presiones que genera el cambio climático o las de carácter antrópico provocadas por el crecimiento de población en asentamientos costeros. En este sentido, se vuelve indispensable enfocar esfuerzos académicos en estos territorios, debido a los grandes desafíos que enfrentan desde la planificación territorial y urbana. El Núcleo de Planificación Integrada de Zonas Costeras e Islas, durante el año 2021 buscó visibilizar la situación actual de la costa chilena y colaborar en consensos de lineamientos y objetivos de una agenda preliminar destinada a abordar las problemáticas de estas zonas. Para esto, se organizaron tres actividades con invitados del mundo académico, estudiantes, profesionales y representantes de la sociedad ad hoc a la temática, denominadas Conversaciones Creativas de PIZIS, sumado a una instancia de presentación en modalidad de conversatorio. Como metodología de trabajo se ocupó el Método MAPGUÍA Conversaciones Creativas, para fomentar el trabajo colaborativo y la coproducción con un total de 48 participantes en todo el proceso. Como resultados de los talleres, en una primera instancia se obtuvo un diagnóstico, donde se reconocieron las principales tensiones que sufren las zonas costeras, sumado a la identificación de cuatro macrotemas que son fundamentales de abordar: Gobernanza y Planificación Integrada, Gestión de Riesgo y Cambio Climático, Desarrollo Sustentable y Economía Circular, y por último Diseño Urbano e Infraestructura. Posteriormente se avanzó en la definición de los componentes y objetivos que debe considerar la Agenda preliminar de Políticas Públicas, los cuales permitieron determinar ocho temas claves para abordar los desafíos a nivel país en la Agenda, y en orden de jerarquía fueron los siguientes: Adaptación al Cambio Climático, Gobernanza de Zona Costera e Islas, Escasez y Gestión Hídrica, Soluciones Basadas en la Naturaleza, Resiliencia y Gestión de Riesgo, Propiedad y Gestión de Suelo, Geopolítica y Desarrollo Territorial, y Empleo y Espacios Productivos. Con las directrices de una Agenda preliminar de Zonas Costeras e Islas del país, se espera fortalecer la investigación científica y aplicada con el propósito de incidir de manera concreta en políticas públicas que busquen reconocer y valorar la zona costera por medio de una planificación integrada y sustentable.
- ItemÁrea Metropolitana de Concepción: algunas dinámicas espaciales relacionadas a la sostenibilidad urbana(2010) Rojas Quezada, Carolina Alejandra; Salado García, María Jesús; Pino Vilalta, Joan; Carles Martori, Joan
- ItemAssessment of sustainability in urban planning of a coastal city: The city of Coronel, southern Chile(WIT Press, 2009) Suazo, Bernardo; Rojas Quezada, Carolina Alejandra; Jaque, Edilia; Utz, RicardoPopulation increases in the coastal area in the Bío Bío region (Chile) have transformed the urban landscape, creating the need for new urban areas for residential land use. This expansion has resulted in the use of locations vulnerable to natural hazards, and outpacing urban planning instruments. The city of Coronel is a typical urban space located in this coastal zone. Coronel’s Urban Planning was recently updated in 2003, and the present study’s objective is to evaluate its environmental sustainability using a system of indicators applicable to the proposed land coverage model established in the 2003 urban planning instrument. Urban sustainability indicators are obtained using Geographic Information System (GIS) tools. The indicators are based on three territorial components: the distribution of land use and physical structure, land coverage and environmental quality. The data is gathered in the proposed urban land zonings. The method applies sustainability development concepts in data modeling, spatial analysis and geoprocessing in GIS. The results characterize the proposed urban model’s sustainability. Keywords: sustainability indicator, urban planning, GIS. 1 Introduction Urban planning is a public sector tool of increasing importance used to achieve competitiveness and habitability in Chilean cities. Considering that one of the principal objectives of urban planning is to orient a territory’s development
- ItemAssessment of the flood mitigation ecosystem service in a coastal wetland and potential impact of future urban development in Chile(2022) Rojas, Octavio; Soto, Evelyn; Rojas Quezada, Carolina Alejandra; López, J. JavierA worldwide increase in flooding due to climate change and population growth in exposed areas is expected, especially in coastal areas; therefore, nature-based solutions (NBS) for risk reduction are necessary to increase the resilience of cities, particularly in developing countries, which usually lack large budgets for structural measures but have natural areas such as wetlands that can be used as NBS. The flood mitigation ecosystem service of a coastal wetland in central Chile was analyzed. Using hydrological and topo-bathymetric data, two flood hazard scenarios were modeled: (i) S1 current and (ii) S2 projected, which was established based on land-use planning instruments and urban projects developed since 1954. Flood hazard maps for different return periods were obtained and indicators related to the mitigation potential of the wetland were calculated. It was proven that urban project development has intensified since 2000, mainly in the form of real estate development, with an increase in occupation of 50%, and the wetland area is projected to be further reduced by around one third, decreasing potential flood mitigation. Thus, for an extreme return period, in this case 500 years, the water volume stored by the wetland would decrease by more than 38% and the flooded area of the wetland by 30%, increasing flooding and vulnerability of the urban area, with various repercussions for surrounding neighborhoods and infrastructure. The number of people and homes affected would increase by around 6% and 8%, respectively, such that the affected land value would reach an additional US$55 million, which would be very detrimental in a city that has seen its natural spaces encroached upon by gray infrastructure. This research reaffirms the need to support the restoration and conservation of coastal wetlands under pressure from urban development in an area with a lack of green infrastructure planning.
- ItemCoastal Wetlands: Ecosystems Affected by Urbanization?(2020) Rojas Quezada, Carolina Alejandra; Novoa, Vanessa; Rojas, Octavio; Ahumada-Rudolph, Ramón; Sáez, Katia; Fierro, Pablo; Universidad de Concepción; Universidad del Bío Bío; Universidad Austral de ChileCoastal wetlands are ecosystems that provide multiple benefits to human settlements; nonetheless, they are seriously threatened due to both a lack of planning instruments and human activities associated mainly with urban growth. An understanding of their functioning and status is crucial for their protection and conservation. Two wetlands with different degrees of urbanization, Rocuant-Andalién (highly urbanized) and Tubul-Raqui (with little urbanization), were analyzed using temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, granulometry, fecal coliform, and macroinvertebrate assemblage variables in summer and winter. In both wetlands marked seasonality in salinity, temperature and sediment texture classification, regulated by oceanic influence and changes in the freshwater budget, was observed. In the Rocuant-Andalién wetland, the increases in pH, dissolved oxygen, gravel percentage, and coliform concentration were statistically significant. Urbanization generated negative impacts on macroinvertebrate assemblage structure that inhabit the wetlands; greater richness and abundance (8.5 times greater) were recorded in the Tubul-Raqui wetland than in the more urbanized wetland. The multivariate statistical analysis reflects the alteration of these complex systems.
- ItemConstruyendo un modelo de datos para el planeamiento urbano(2007) Rojas Quezada, Carolina Alejandra
- ItemDesafíos en la Planificación Territorial: Humedales Urbanos una oportunidad de gestión y participación para ciudades más sustentables y resilientes(2018) Rojas Quezada, Carolina AlejandraLa planificación territorial en Chile avanza, a pesar del aumento en la cobertura e implementación del Sistema de Evaluación Ambiental Estratégica, sigue en deuda en la conservación de los espacios naturales en la ciudad. Se identifican cinco grandes desafíos de cara a un futuro de urbanización creciente, entre los cuales destaca el definir normativas y metodologías específicas en los instrumentos de planificación territorial para ecosistemas vulnerables y/o suelos de alto valor ambiental, procurando medidas concretas para los humedales urbanos, debido a que se han visto muy perjudicados por la ocupación del suelo, ignorando completamente sus múltiples servicios ecosistémicos. Los humedales urbanos son sensibles a la comunidad, por tanto son una oportunidad enorme para abrir espacios de participación ciudadana, inclusión y gestión territorial; en su conservación por medio de planes serán claves los vínculos entre sociedad, gobernanza y academia, así construir juntos ciudades más sustentables y resilientes.
- ItemDevelopment and Operationalisation of Local Sustainability Indicators - A Global South Perspective on Data Challenges and Opportunities for GIScience(Schloss Dagstuhl- Leibniz-Zentrum fur Informatik GmbH, Dagstuhl Publishing, 2023) Steiniger, Stefan; Rojas Quezada, Carolina Alejandra; Truffello Robledo, Ricardo Enrique; Barton Jonathan, RichardEvaluating and monitoring the sustainable development of nations and cities requires sets of indicators. Such indicator sets should measure equity, health, environmental, or governmental progress or recess - among other sustainability aspects. In 2015 the United Nations ratified 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) assessed through 231 indicators. However, other - local - sets of indicators have been developed too. In this paper we review geodata challenges that emerged when we developed four sustainability indicator sets in Chile. Faced challenges include (geo)data availability and data representativeness, among others. We analyse how GIScience knowledge has contributed to indicator development and outline three priority research topics: (i) updating indicators based on automated processes, while respecting representativeness, (ii) tools for planning scenario generation, and (iii) methods for short- and long-term forecasting.
- ItemDimensiones física y cultural de la resiliencia post-desastre: ¿son compatibles en ciudades chilenas?(2013) Villagra Islas, Paula; Rojas Quezada, Carolina Alejandra
- ItemDinámica y Patrones de Crecimiento del Área Metropolitana de Concepción. Tendencias de las últimas décadas. Chile: Del país Urbano al país metropolitano(2009) Rojas Quezada, Carolina Alejandra; Opazo Saldivia, Sergio; Jaque Castillo, Edilia
- ItemEfectos de la Urbanización en la Conectividad ecológica de paisajes metropolitanos(2017) Rojas Quezada, Carolina Alejandra; Barrera, Francisco de la; Pino, Joan; Munizaga, Juan Manuel; Vidaurrázaga Aránguiz, TamaraLa urbanización de paisajes naturales y seminaturales genera consecuencias en ciudades latinoamericanas de tamaño medio. En Chile, el crecimiento urbano y el desarrollo de actividades forestales han afectado la funcionalidad y biodiversidad del paisaje. El Área Metropolitana de Concepción (en adelante AMC) es representativa de la combinación de ambos procesos dado que su paisaje circundante está mayormente cubierto por plantaciones forestales. En este trabajo se evalúan los cambios en la “conectividad ecológica” del AMC, como atributo significativo para la conservación del paisaje. Se analizan los cambios en la conectividad a través de una metodología de tipo paramétrica, calculando indicadores a nivel de paisaje y a nivel de ecosistemas. Las métricas aplicadas se basan en principios de ecología del paisaje y en el procesamiento de imágenes satelitales clasificadas en sistemas de información geográfica (SIG).Los resultados obtenidos indican que, los cambios en el paisaje del AMC han generado un paisaje rural-urbano con una alta fragmentación de los ecosistemas
- ItemEvaluación de la Accesibilidad Espacial a la red hospitalaria en el área metropolitana de Concepción(2014) Martínez Bascuñán, Marcela; Rojas Quezada, Carolina Alejandra
- «
- 1 (current)
- 2
- 3
- »