Browsing by Author "Rivera Vega, Katherine Solange"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Intake of red wine grape pomace decreased atherosclerosis, attenuated myocardial damage and increased survival in a murine model of lethal coronary heart disease
    (MDPI, 2019) Salas Perez, Francisca Lorena; Rivera Vega, Katherine Solange; Echeverria, Guadalupe; Urquiaga, Ines; Dicenta, Sara; Perez, Druso; Andia, Marcelo; Uribe, Sergio; Tejos, Cristian; Busso, Dolores; Irarrazaval Mena, Pablo; Rigotti, Attilio
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Lipoprotein receptor SR-B1 deficiency enhances adipose tissue inflammation and reduces susceptibility to hepatic steatosis during diet-induced obesity in mice
    (2020) Rivera Vega, Katherine Solange; Rigotti Rivera, Attilio; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Medicina
    Obesity is a worldwide epidemic associated with excessive lipid accumulation in adipose and non-adipose tissues, including the liver, an early feature in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Several studies have linked NAFLD with a deranged high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism. Scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1) is the major membrane HDL receptor and is involved in reverse cholesterol, but its role in obesity and NAFLD development is unclear. The aim of this thesis was to determine the effects of SR-B1 deficiency on plasma metabolic parameters and fat deposition in adipose tissue and liver during obesity. Male SR-B1 knock-out (SR-B1-/-) mice and wild-type (WT) littermates were fed for 12 weeks with a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity. At the end of the intervention SR-B1-/- mice fed a HFD exhibited significantly increased levels of plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG) and TNF-α, in association with hypertrophied adipocytes and macrophage-containing crown-like structures (CLS) in adipose tissue, compared to WT obese mice. Remarkably, obese SR-B1-/- mice exhibited attenuated liver TG content, dysregulation in hepatic gene expression profile, increased hepatic TG secretion, and altered hepatic fatty acid (FA) composition, compared to WT mice. These results provide the basis for further elucidation of SR-B1 role in obesity and fatty liver disease, two major worldwide public health issues that increase the risk of advanced chronic disease and mortality in the general population.Obesity is a worldwide epidemic associated with excessive lipid accumulation in adipose and non-adipose tissues, including the liver, an early feature in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Several studies have linked NAFLD with a deranged high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism. Scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1) is the major membrane HDL receptor and is involved in reverse cholesterol, but its role in obesity and NAFLD development is unclear. The aim of this thesis was to determine the effects of SR-B1 deficiency on plasma metabolic parameters and fat deposition in adipose tissue and liver during obesity. Male SR-B1 knock-out (SR-B1-/-) mice and wild-type (WT) littermates were fed for 12 weeks with a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity. At the end of the intervention SR-B1-/- mice fed a HFD exhibited significantly increased levels of plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG) and TNF-α, in association with hypertrophied adipocytes and macrophage-containing crown-like structures (CLS) in adipose tissue, compared to WT obese mice. Remarkably, obese SR-B1-/- mice exhibited attenuated liver TG content, dysregulation in hepatic gene expression profile, increased hepatic TG secretion, and altered hepatic fatty acid (FA) composition, compared to WT mice. These results provide the basis for further elucidation of SR-B1 role in obesity and fatty liver disease, two major worldwide public health issues that increase the risk of advanced chronic disease and mortality in the general population.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Race and sex differences in HDL peroxide content among American adults with and without type 2 diabetes
    (2022) Flaherty, Shelby M.; Wood, Elizabeth K.; Ryff, Carol D.; Love, Gayle D.; Kelesidis, Theodoros; Berkowitz Fiebich, Loni; Echeverría Errázuriz, Guadalupe; Rivera Vega, Katherine Solange; Rigotti Rivera, Attilio; Coe, Christopher L.
    Background: High-density lipoprotein (HDL) plays a critical role in protection against atherosclerosic and cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). In addition to contributing to clearing excess vascular cholesterol, HDL particles exhibit antioxidative functions, helping to attenuate adverse effects of oxidized low-density lipoproteins. However, these beneficial properties can be undermined by oxidative stress, inflammation, and unhealthy lifestyles and diet, as well as influenced by race and sex. Thus, when assessing cardiovascular risk, it is important to consider multifactorial aspects of HDL, including antioxidant activity rather than just total amount and type of HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) particles. Because prior research showed HDL peroxide content (HDLperox) can be inversely associated with normal anti-oxidant HDL activity, elevated HDLperox may serve as a bioindicator of HDL dysfunction. Methods: In this study, data from a large national cohort of Americans was utilized to determine the impact of sex, race, and diabetes status on HDLperox in middle-aged and older adults. A previously developed cell-free fluorometric method was utilized to quantify HDLperox in serum depleted of apo-B containing lipoproteins. Results: In keeping with predictions, white men and diabetics exhibited HDLperox in the atypical upper range, suggestive of less functional HDL. White men had higher HDLperox levels than African American males (13.46 ± 6.10 vs. 10.88 ± 5.81, p < .001). There was also a significant main effect of type 2 diabetes (F(1,1901) = 14.9, p < .0001). Overall, African Americans evinced lower HDLperox levels, despite more obesity (10.3 ± 4.7 vs.11.81 ± 5.66 for Whites) suggesting that other aspects of lipid metabolism and psychosocial factors account for the higher prevalence of ASCVD in African Americans. Conclusion: This research helps to provide a more comprehensive understanding of HDL function in a racially and metabolically diverse adult population. HDLperox content was significantly different in adults with type 2 diabetes, and distinctive in nondiabetic White males, and suggests other processes account for the higher prevalence of ASCVD among African Americans.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Red wine grape pomace attenuates atherosclerosis and myocardial damage and increases survival in association with improved plasma antioxidant activity in a murine model of lethal ischemic heart disease
    (2019) Rivera Vega, Katherine Solange; Salas Pérez, Francisca Lorena; Echeverría Errázuriz, Guadalupe; Urquiaga Reus, Inés; Dicenta, Sara; Pérez Pons, Druso Diego; De La Cerda, Paula; Gonzáles, Leticia; Andía Kohnenkampf, Marcelo Edgardo; Uribe Arancibia, Sergio A.; Tejos Núñez, Cristián Andrés; Martínez, Gonzalo; Busso, Dolores; Irarrazaval, Pablo; Rigotti Rivera, Attilio