Browsing by Author "Rivera, Felipe"

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    Data collection after the 2010 Maule earthquake in Chile.
    (2017) Llera Martin, Juan Carlos de la; Santa María Oyanedel, Hernán; Rivera, Felipe; Mitrani-Reiser, Judith; Jünemann Ureta, Rosita; Fortuno, Catalina; Ríos, Miguel; Hube Ginestar, Matías Andrés; Cienfuegos Carrasco, Rodrigo Alberto
    This article presents an overview of the different processes of data recollection and the analysis that took place during and after the emergency caused by the Mw 8.8 2010 Maule earthquake in central-south Chile. The article is not an exhaustive recollection of all of the processes and methodologies used; it rather points out some of the critical processes that took place with special emphasis in the earthquake characterization and building data. Although there are strong similarities in all of the different data recollection processes after the earthquake, the evidence shows that a rather disaggregate approach was used by the different stakeholders. Moreover, no common standards were implemented or used, and the resulting granularity and accuracy of the data was not comparable even for similar structures, which sometimes led to inadequate decisions. More centralized efforts were observed in resolving the emergency situations and getting the country back to normal operation, but the reconstruction process took different independent routes depending on several external factors and attitudes of individuals and communities. Several conclusions are presented that are lessons derived from this experience in dealing with a large amount of earthquake data. The most important being the true and immediate necessity of making all critical earthquake information available to anyone who seeks to study such data for a better understanding of the earthquake and its consequences. By looking at the information provided by all these data, we aim to finally improve seismic codes and engineering practice, which are important social goods.
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    Development of Condition Indicator for Managing Sealed Rural Road Networks
    (2015) Rivera, Felipe; Chamorro Giné, Marcela Alondra; Lucero, Robinson; Aravena, Claudio
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    Mitigating Risk through R&D+Innovation: Chile’s National Strategy for Natural Disaster Resilience
    Llera Martin, Juan Carlos de la; Rivera, Felipe; Gil Ureta, Magdalena; Schwarzhaupt Gueneau de Mussy, Ursula
    With an annual average expense of more than $2,800 million USD, Chile leads the OECD countries with the largest percentage of the GDP spent in disaster losses per year (almost 1.2% GDP). This was the motivation of the Chilean President in 2015 to ask a group of experts to prepare a national Research, Development, and Innovation (R&D+i) strategy for disaster resilience. The strategy was developed by a group, called by the acronym CREDEN, and involved more than 80 experts representing different national stakeholders from the academia, public and private sectors, NGOs, and the armed forces. The work of CREDEN finished December 2016 and produced an R&D+i roadmap composed of five enabling conditions and 14 tasks. The implementation of this strategy demands a total investment of $914 million USD in 20 years, which is expected to have a benefit-cost ratio of 2.32, and annual savings of about $106 million USD. The first stage in this process is the design of a National Institute of R&D+i for Disaster Resilience (ITReND), which will oversee the implementation of the strategy. ITReND’s design was completed in 2017 and its implementation is expected to begin in 2018. This strategy can be considered as an example of how to position R&D+i in the basis of public policy for disaster resilience. Both, the contents of this strategy and its implementation process, have unique aspects and may help guide other disaster-prone countries in their pursuit of larger resilience to the increasing occurrence rate of extreme natural events
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    Strengthening the Role of Science in Disaster Risk Reduction: The Chilean Strategy
    (2022) Gil Ureta, Magdalena; Rivera, Felipe
    This paper presents an integrative case-study examination of Chile's national strategy of research, development, and innovation (R&D+i) for disaster resilience and the progress towards developing the institutional conditions for its successful implementation. The article covers the period between 2016-2021, focusing on the work of the Chilean Commission of R&D+i for Disaster Resilience to Natural Hazards (CREDEN). Through an analysis of the official records of the initiative at all its stages and 29 semi-structured interviews with CREDEN's members and stakeholders, we aim to show a successful case of strengthening the role of science and technology in disaster risk reduction. The Chilean experience is particularly interesting because the Strategy focused on the role of R&D+i and proposed developing an industry of scientific-based technological solutions for disaster resilience. The case study also illustrates how the strategic interaction between academia, state, and industry can be a key factor for aligning knowledge production to tackle current socio-technical challenges.
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    Studies on quinones. Part 42: Synthesis of furylquinone and hydroquinones with antiproliferative activity against human tumor cell lines
    (PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2008) Benites, Julio; Valderrama, Jaime A.; Rivera, Felipe; Rojo, Leonel; Campos, Nair; Pedro, Madalena; Jose Nascimento, Maria Saeo
    The preparation of furyl-1,4-quinone and hydroquinones by reaction of 2-furaldehyde N,N-dimethylhydrazone with benzo- and naphthoquinones is reported. Access to furylnaphthoquinones from unactivated quinones requires acid-induced conditions, however oxidative coupling reactions of activated quinones proceed under neutral conditions. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of the prepared compounds against a panel of three human cancer cell lines has been studied. Most of the furyl-1,4-quinones exhibited good antiproliferative activity (GI(50) = 6.5-33.5 mu m) against the MCF-7, NCI-H460, and SF-268 (CNS cancer) cell lines chosen for testing. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.