Browsing by Author "Repetto, Paula"
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- ItemDiseño y validación del instrumento SALUFAM: Un instrumento de valoración de la salud familiar con alto valor predictivo clínico para la atención primaria chilena(2012) Püschel, Klaus; Repetto, Paula; Solar, María Olga; Soto, Gabriela; González, KarlaBackground: There is a paucity of screening instruments with a high clinical predictive value to identify families at risk and therefore, develop focused interventions in primary care. Aim: To develop an easy to apply screening instrument with a high clinical predictive value to identify families with a higher health vulnerability. Material and Methods: In the first stage of the study an instrument with a high content validity was designed through a review of existent instruments, qualitative interviews with families and expert opinions following a Delphi approach of three rounds. In the second stage, concurrent validity was tested through a comparative analysis between the pilot instrument and a family clinical interview conducted to 300families randomly selected from a population registered at a primary care clinic in Santiago. The sampling was blocked based on the presence of diabetes, depression, child asthma, behavioral disorders, presence of an older person or the lack of previous conditions among family members. The third stage, was directed to test the clinical predictive validity of the instrument by comparing the baseline vulnerability obtained by the instrument and the change in clinical status and health related quality of life perceptions of the family members after nine months of follow-up. Results: The final SALUFAM instrument included 13 items and had a high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha: 0.821), high test re-test reproducibility (Pearson correlation: 0.84) and a high clinical predictive value for clinical deterioration (Odds ratio: 1.826; 95% confidence intervals: 1.101-3.029). Conclusions: SALUFAM instrument is applicable, replicable, has a high content validity, concurrent validity and clinical predictive value.
- ItemPerception of smoking rates and its relationship with cigarette use among Chilean adolescents(SOC MEDICA SANTIAGO, 2012) Repetto, Paula; Bernales, MargaritaBackground: Cigarette smoking among adolescents is a major health problem in Chile, which is determined by several factors. Among these, it is important the role of perceived norms regarding cigarette use among peers and the general population. Aim: To study the social norms about the perceived prevalence of smoking and its relationship with cigarette smoking among Chilean adolescents. Material and Methods: Participants were 480 adolescents of educational institutions from the South-East area of the Metropolitan Region, who completed a questionnaire that included questions regarding cigarette use and the perceived prevalence of cigarette use among peers and adults. Results: Adolescents overestimated the percentage of smokers compared to national statistics regarding their peers and adult population. The perception of adolescents regarding the rates of use among peers predicted both current and future use. Conclusions: Cigarette smoking is influenced by perceived norms regarding use and, despite the current smoking restrictions in place, youth continue to perceive that smoking is a common behavior. (Rev Med Chile 2012; 140: 740-745).
- ItemPROMOTION OF CIGARETTES AMONG CHILEAN MAGAZINES FOR FEMALES: WHAT ARE THE MESSAGES ABOUT SMOKING?(SPRINGER, 2012) Repetto, Paula; Cabieses, Baltica; Bernales, Margarita; Vanderbloemen, Laura; Mediano, Fernanda
- ItemReference values for inspiratory capacity in healthy nonsmokers over age 50 years(EDICIONES DOYMA S/L, 2007) Lisboa, Carmen; Leiva, Alicia; Pinochet, Ramon; Repetto, Paula; Borzone, Gisella; Diaz, OrlandoObjective: The role of dynamic hyperinflation in triggering dyspnea and limiting exercise capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has been recognized in recent years. The degree of dynamic hyperinflation can be assessed by measuring reduction in inspiratory capacity (IC). The aim of this study was to establish reference values for IC in healthy individuals of both sexes between the ages of 50 and 87 years, as such data are scarce in the literature. Subjects and methods: We studied 155 healthy volunteers (93 women) with normal spirometry. None had a prior history of respiratory, cardiovascular, or systemic diseases that might alter lung function. All were never-smokers. IC was measured during a normal, unforced inspiration to total lung capacity starting from functional residual capacity. The highest value of 6 satisfactory maneuvers was recorded. Sex, height, age, and weight were included in the regression equations. One thousand bootstrap samples for each sex were also analyzed. Results: For each sex, we found that a model including age, height, and weight produced IC prediction equations with a coefficient of determination (r2) of 0.414 for women and 0.447 for men. The mean (SD) intrasubject coefficient of variation was 4.3% (2%) for IC measured during a single session and 5.1% (0.4%) for measurements from 5 weekly sessions. Conclusions: Our results provide reference equations for IC that are valid for a healthy population over 50 years of age. Predicted values were similar to those recently obtained in an Italian population aged between 65 and 85 years.
- ItemThe ABCDE psychological first aid intervention decreases early PTSD symptoms but does not prevent it: results of a randomized-controlled trial(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2022) Figueroa, Rodrigo Andres; Cortes, Paula Francisca; Marin, Humberto; Verges, Alvaro; Gillibrand, Rodrigo; Repetto, PaulaBackground Early Psychological First Aid (PFA) has been widely recommended for preventing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, its lack of empirical evidence of safety and effectiveness has been criticized. Objectives To assess the effectiveness of PFA-ABCDE, an original PFA protocol, for preventing PTSD one month after the intervention and decreasing PTSD symptoms at one and six months of follow up. Methods We assessed the eligibility of 1,140 adult survivors of recent trauma (<= 72 hours) consulting five emergency departments in Chile. Two hundred twenty-one were randomized to receive either PFA-ABCDE (active listening, breathing retraining, categorization of needs, referral to ancillary services, and psychoeducation) or only psychoeducation. We used the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) to assess PTSD diagnosis. The Posttraumatic Checklist (PCL), the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and a 0-10 points analogue visual scale were used to assess PTSD symptoms, depressive symptoms, and immediate distress relief after the intervention. Results We found no difference between the experimental and control groups in the frequency of PTSD one month after the intervention (PFA-ABCDE = 23/76 [30.3%], psychoeducation = 18/75 [24.0%], adjusted odds ratio = 1.39, 95% confidence interval = 0.63-3.07, p = .408). Immediately after the intervention, participants who received PFA-ABCDE reported greater distress relief (PFA-ABCDE mean = 9.06, psychoeducation mean = 8.55, Cohen's d = 0.30, p = .038). Fewer PTSD symptoms were reported by those who received PFA-ABCDE one month after the intervention (PFA-ABCDE mean = 36.26, psychoeducation mean = 43.62, Cohen's d = 0.42, p = .033). We found no difference in depressive symptoms at one-month follow up (p = .713) nor in PTSD symptoms six months after the intervention (p = .986). Conclusions PFA-ABCDE does not prevent PTSD diagnosis, but it provides immediate distress relief and decreases PTSD symptoms in the short term.