Browsing by Author "Ramírez Silva, María Inés"

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    Employment and sustainability: the relation between precarious work and spatial inequality in the neoliberal city
    (2022) Señoret Swinburn, Andrés; Ramírez Silva, María Inés; Rehner, Johannes; CEDEUS (Chile); Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
    The creation of employment opportunities is a key factor to economic growth, but when pursuing sus tainable development, work arrangements must also be fair and stable. In contrast, precarious employ ment is a common and serious limitation to prospects for development and personal well being in Latin American cities. Discussing this phenomenon in the developing world requires considering the ongoing transformation of the neoliberal urban labour market, the commodity-driven economic struc ture, and questioning how such features relate to the likelihood of urban sustainable development. The present study addresses precarity in urban labour markets and subjective perceptions of stability and prospects and asks how marginalisation and fragmented urban spaces in a neoliberal context relate to the structural characteristics of precarious labour. This relationship between labour and space is anal ysed based on survey data from different types of neighbourhoods in Chile’s two largest metropolitan areas – Santiago and Concepción – using multilevel regression and ANOVA. Our study finds that precar ious employment and poor prospects replicate and reinforce typical territorial inequalities and thus con stitute a serious limitation for sustainable development. We conclude that the current labour market, the features of neoliberal extractivism, and weak formal social protection are obstructing urban development that is sustainable in terms of employment. Thus, the conceptual debate on sustainability and urban pol icy should focus more on the negative effects of precarious employment and its particular relation to spatial fragmentation in growing urban areas.
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    Impacto de la precariedad laboral en la percepción subjetiva del empleo
    (2022) Señoret Swinburn, Andrés; Rehner, Johannes; Ramírez Silva, María Inés
    El propósito de este artículo fue explorar el impacto de la precariedad laboral en la percepción subjetiva de los trabajadores sobre su presente y futuro laboral. Esto se realizó estimando una serie de regresiones lineales en base una encuesta aplicada en Chile. Los resultados muestran que los trabajadores no calificados sin contrato y las mujeres tienen una peor percepción subjetiva comparados con otros grupos. Proponemos el concepto de trabajo decente y sustentable como una forma de integrar aspectos subjetivos y temporales en los estudios laborales y de sustentabilidad. Los resultados son discutidos para resaltar la importancia de esta dimensión subjetiva para comprender las últimas oleadas de malestar social en Chile.
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    Socio-spatial differentiation in a Latin American metropolis: urban structure, residential mobility, and real estate in the high-income cone of Santiago de Chile
    (2023) Fuentes Arce, Luis; Ramírez Silva, María Inés; Rodríguez, Sebastián; Señoret, Andrés; CEDEUS (Chile)
    The High-Income Cone (HIC) is characteristic of the urban structure of Latin-American metropolises, consisting of a delimited area of the city where inhabitants of high socioeconomic status are located, consolidating the patterns of social segregation and inequality that are typical of those societies. Despite the urban transformations experienced by the metropolises of the continent in the last decades, little study has been done to understand the internal dynamics of HICs, which are usually considered a socially homogeneous space. This article delves into the internal complexities of the HIC of Greater Santiago, investigating its residential mobility processes and distinguishing between traditional and recent inhabitants, or ‘inheritors’ and ‘achievers’. Our results indicate the presence of parallel processes of residential mobility, where ‘achievers’ are concentrated in the apartments located in the pericentral zone of the HIC, while ‘inheritors’ move to the houses located in the extreme east. This process of permeability and filtering is conditioned by the recent trends of neoliberal urban densification and expansion, where the construction of more accessible buildings allows the arrival of certain people to the pericentral areas of the HIC, while the more exclusive houses and gated-communities far east are more accessible for inheritors.