Browsing by Author "Osses, Pablo"
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- ItemA Case Study on Fog/Low Stratus Occurrence at Las Lomitas, Atacama Desert (Chile) as a Water Source for Biological Soil Crusts(2018) Lehnert, Lukas W.; Thies, Boris; Trachte, Katja; Achilles, Sebastian; Osses, Pablo; Baumann, Karen; Schmidt, Jakob; Samolov, Elena; Jung, Patrick; Leinweber, Peter; Karsten, Ulf; Buedel, Burkhard; Bendix, Joerg
- ItemLos atrapanieblas del Santuario Padre Hurtado y sus proyecciones en el combate a la desertificación.(2000) Osses, Pablo; Schemenauer, Robert; Cereceda Troncoso, Pilar; Larrain Barros, Horacio; Correa, Cristobal
- ItemBiological soil crusts along a climatic gradient in Chile: Richness and imprints of phototrophic microorganisms in phosphorus biogeochemical cycling(2018) Baumann, Karen; Jung, Patrick; Samolov, Elena; Lehnert, Lukas W.; Buedel, Burkhard; Karsten, Ulf; Bendix, Joerg; Achilles, Sebastian; Schermer, Michael; Matus, Francisco; Oses, Romulo; Osses, Pablo; Morshedizad, Mohsen; Oehlschlaeger, Claudia
- ItemLa nube estratocúmulo en Tarapacá, Chile : validación de imágenes GOES mediante observación en tiempo real (17 al 26 de junio del año 2002).(2005) Osses, Pablo; Barria, Constanza; Farías Salvador, Martín; Cereceda Troncoso, Pilar
- ItemPedogenic and microbial interrelations to regional climate and local topography : New insights from a climate gradient (arid to humid) along the coastal Cordillera of Chile(2018) Bernhard, Nadine; Moskwa, Lisa Marie; Schmidt, Karsten; Oeser, Ralf A.; Aburto, Felipe; Bader, Maaike Y.; Baumann, Karen; Von Blanckenburg, Friedhelm; Boy, Jens; Osses, Pablo
- ItemLa ruralidad en la Región Metropolitana de Santiago de Chile (2002): determinación y relación con los grupos socio-profesionales(2008) Salazar Burrows, Alejandro Francisco; Osses, Pablo
- ItemSpatial distribution and interannual variability of coastal fog and low clouds cover in the hyperarid Atacama Desert and implications for past and present Tillandsia landbeckii ecosystems(SPRINGER WIEN, 2021) del Rio, Camilo; Lobos Roco, Felipe; Latorre, Claudio; Koch, Marcus A.; Garcia, Juan Luis; Osses, Pablo; Lambert, Fabrice; Alfaro, Fernando; Siegmund, AlexanderThe hyperarid Atacama Desert coast receives scarce moisture inputs mainly from the Pacific Ocean in the form of marine advective fog. The collected moisture supports highly specialized ecosystems, where the bromeliad Tillandsia landbeckii is the dominant species. The fog and low clouds (FLCs) on which these ecosystems depend are affected in their interannual variability and spatial distribution by global phenomena, such as ENSO. Yet, there is a lack of understanding of how ENSO influences recent FLCs spatial changes and their interconnections and how these variations can affect existing Tillandsia stands. In this study, we analyze FLCs occurrence, its trends and the influence of ENSO on the interannual variations of FLCs presence by processing GOES satellite images (1995-2017). Our results show that ENSO exerts a significant influence over FLCs interannual variability in the Atacama at similar to 20 degrees S. Linear regression analyses reveal a relation between ENSO3.4 anomalies and FLCs with opposite seasonal effects depending on the ENSO phase. During summer (winter), the ENSO warm phase is associated with an increase (decrease) of the FLCs occurrence, whereas the opposite occurs during ENSO cool phases. In addition, the ONI Index explains up to similar to 50 and similar to 60% variance of the interannual FLCs presence in the T. landbeckii site during summer and winter, respectively. Finally, weak negative (positive) trends of FLCs presence are observed above (below) 1000 m a. s. l. These results have direct implications for understanding the present and past distribution of Tillandsia ecosystems under the extreme conditions characterizing our study area.
- ItemThe distance to market effect on rural poverty in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago(PONTIFICIA UNIV CATOLICA CHILE, INST ESTUDIOS URBANOS TERRITORIALES, 2013) Perez, Rodrigo; Salazar, Alejandro; Foster, William; Osses, PabloThe national poverty headcount in Chile has declined considerably since 1990. In 2006, rural poverty rate fell below that of urban areas, due in part to population mobility. Rural areas, however, are still characterized by low educational levels and incomes, explained, in part, by low population density, remoteness to services, and limited access to markets for rural-produced products. This study finds that distance (measured as travel time) of rural populations to urban areas is associated with the incidence of poverty in rural communities after controlling for other factors. Using an econometric model based on geographical and socioeconomic information of the Metropolitan Region of Santiago, the study finds that poverty levels in census tracts increase with distance to Santiago, and, for a given distance, access to transportation reduces poverty, through a mitigation of the distance effect.
- ItemUnderstanding inland fog and dew dynamics for assessing potential non-rainfall water use in the Atacama(2024) Lobos Roco, Felipe Andrés; Suárez Poch, Francisco Ignacio; Aguirre Correa, Francisca; Keim, K.; Aguirre, I.; Vargas Vásquez, Constanza; Abarca, F.; Ramírez Reyes, Carla; Escobar Moragas, Rodrigo; Osses, Pablo; Río López, Camilo delIn (semi-)arid regions, harvesting fog and dew can become a complementary solution to traditional water supply. In the Atacama region, a territory of key and water-dependent economic activities, both fog and dew are driven by the advection of marine moisture from the Pacific. Still, little is described regarding the dynamics and water potential of these events. In this study, we analyze the spatiotemporal variability of fog and dew in the Atacama Desert to assess the potential of non-rainfall atmospheric water harvesting. Our research strategy combines three methods to achieve a comprehensive understanding of these phenomena: a satellite-spatial analysis of fog and low cloud frequencies; a thermodynamic characterization of the fog cloud vertical structure; and an observational analysis of fog and dew water collection. Our findings reveal that fog is a regular phenomenon in the area, occurring from 3% to 20% of the year. We estimate that fog cloud reaches 50 km inland and up to ∼1100 m ASL, covering a vast territory where it can be harvested. Fog and dew represent 72% and 28% of the total collected atmospheric water (∼0.2 L m−2 day−1). Both fog and dew represent a complementary natural water source with multiple uses for local industries.