Browsing by Author "Ojeda Valenzuela, María José"

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    Air Pollution and Cardiorespiratory Changes in Older Adults Living in a Polluted Area in Central Chile
    (SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD, 2022) Cortes Arancibia, Sandra Isabel; Leiva Cisternas, Cinthya Aracely; Ojeda Valenzuela, María José; Bustamante-Ara, Natalia; Wambaa, Wanjiku; Domínguez, Alan; Pasten Salvo, Carlos; Rodriguez Peralta, Camila; Rojas Arenas, Barbara; Vargas Mesa, Diego; Ahumada Padilla Ericka Del Pilar; CEDEUS (Chile)
    One recognized cause of cardiorespiratory diseases is air pollution. Older adults (OA) are one of the most vulnerable groups that suffer from its adverse effects. The objective of the study was to analyze the association between exposure to air pollution and changes in cardiorespiratory variables in OA. Observational prospective cohort study. Health questionnaires. blood pressure (BP) measurements, lung functions, respiratory symptoms, physical activity levels, and physical fitness in high and low exposure to air pollution were all methods used in evaluating OAs in communes with high contamination rates. Linear and logistic models were created to adjust for variables of interest. A total of 92 OA participated in this study. 73.9% of the subjects were women with 72.3 +/- 5.6 years. 46.7% were obese, while 12.1% consumed tobacco. The most prevalent diseases found were hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Adjusted linear models maintained an increase for systolic BP of 6.77 mmHg (95% CI: 1.04-12.51), and diastolic of 3.51 mmHg (95% CI: 0.72-6.29), during the period of high exposure to air pollution. The adjusted logistic regression model indicated that, during the period of high exposure to air pollution increase the respiratory symptoms 4 times more (OR: 4.43, 95% CI: 2.07-10.04) in the OA. The results are consistent with an adverse effect on cardiorespiratory variables in periods of high exposure to air pollution in the OA population.
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    Daños de salud respiratoria en comunas expuestas a centrales termoeléctricas a carbón en el norte de Chile: análisis de datos secundarios
    (2021) Viviani García, Paola; Leiva Cisternas, Cinthya Aracely; Ojeda Valenzuela, María José; Ahumada P., Ericka; Cortés Arancibia, Sandra
    Introducción: En Chile, el funcionamiento de las Centrales Termoeléctricas de Carbón (CTEC) representan un problema de salud pública debido a las consecuencias sanitarias que tienen en la población. Se han notificado daños en el sistema respiratorio. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio ecológico, para evaluar los egresos hospitalarios de las personas que viven en las ciudades donde operan las CTEC (Tocopilla y Huasco), se comparó con una ciudad de control sin CTEC (Caldera), las comunas evaluadas tienen condiciones sociodemográficas similares. Se calcularon las tasas de morbilidad y tasas de morbilidad estandarizadas (SMR). Resultados: La tasa de morbilidad por enfermedades respiratorias en Tocopilla (2016) fue de 152,5 por 10.000 habitantes (habs) y para Huasco es de 135,2 por 10.000 habs. En la ciudad control, Caldera, la tasa es de 40,9 por 10.000 habs. Además, los habitantes de Tocopilla tienen 2,42 más riesgo de padecer bronquitis o bronquiolitis, 90% más riesgo de presentar enfermedades crónicas de las vías respiratorias bajas y 2,14 veces más riesgo de enfermar por asma. En Huasco, la población tiene 2,49 veces más riesgo de padecer enfermedades de las vías respiratorias inferiores con respecto a la región y 3,19 veces más riesgo de presentar asma. Conclusiones: El asma y la bronquitis, son las patologías que mostraron mayores riesgos en las ciudades de Tocopilla y Huasco. Nuestros hallazgos son similares a otras investigaciones realizadas en comunidades expuestas a centrales termoeléctricas de carbón. Es necesario tomar medidas urgentes para proteger la salud de la población.
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    SARS-CoV-2 vaccine booster in solid organ transplant recipients previously immunised with inactivated versus mRNA vaccines: A prospective cohort study
    (2022) Dib Marambio, Martín Javier; Le Corre Pérez, Monique Nicole; Ortiz Koh, Catalina Alejandra; García, Daniel; Ferrés, Marcela; Martínez Valdebenito, Constanza; Ruiz-Tagle, Cinthya; Ojeda Valenzuela, María José; Espinoza Sepúlveda, Manuel Antonio; Jara Contreras, Aquiles; Arab Verdugo, Juan Pablo; Rabagliati B., Ricardo; Vizcaya Altamirano, Cecilia; Ceballos, María Elena; Sarmiento Maldonado, Mauricio; Mondaca Contreras, Sebastián Patricio; Viñuela Morales, Macarena Rocío; Pastore Thomson, Antonia; Szwarcfiter Neiman, Vania; Galdames Lavín, Elizabeth Alejandra; Barrera Vásquez, Aldo Vincent; Castro Gálvez, Pablo Federico; Gálvez Arriagada, Nicolás Marcelo Salvador; Soto Ramírez, Jorge Andrés; Bueno Ramírez, Susan; Kalergis Parra, Alexis Mikes; Nervi Nattero, Bruno; Balcells Marty, María Elvira
    Solid-organ transplant (SOT) recipients have worse COVID-19 outcomes than general population and effective immunisation in these patients is essential but more difficult to reach. We aimed to determine the immunogenicity of an mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine booster in SOT recipients previously immunised with either inactivated or homologous SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine. Methods: Prospective cohort study of SOT recipients under medical care at Red de Salud UC-CHRISTUS, Chile, previously vaccinated with either CoronaVac or BNT162b2. All participants received a BNT162b2 vaccine booster. The primary study end point was anti-SARS-CoV-2 total IgG antibodies (TAb) seropositivity at 8-12 weeks (56-84 days) post booster. Secondary end points included neutralising antibodies (NAb) and specific T-cell responses. Findings: A total of 140 (50% kidney, 38% liver, 6% heart) SOT recipients (mean age 54 [13.6] years; 64 [46%] women) were included. Of them, 62 had homologous (three doses of BNT162b2) and 78 heterologous vaccine schedules (two doses of CoronaVac followed by BNT162b2 booster). Boosters were received at a median of 21.3 weeks after primary vaccination. The proportion achieving TAb seropositivity (82.3% vs 65.4%, P = 0.035) and NAb positivity (77.4% vs 55.1%, P = 0.007) were higher for the homologous versus the heterologous group. On the other hand, the number of IFN-γ and IL-2 secreting SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cells did not differ significantly between groups. Interpretation: This cohort study shows that homologous mRNA vaccine priming plus boosting in SOT recipients, reaches a significantly higher humoral immune response than inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine priming followed by heterologous mRNA booster.