Browsing by Author "Nervi, Flavio"
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- ItemA scale to assess spiritual symptoms in palliative care Escala numérica para evaluar síntomas espirituales en cuidados paliativos(2017) Bonati, P.; Nervi, Flavio; Reyes, M.; De Lima, L.; Taboada R., Paulina; Villarroel del Pino, Luis A.; Vial Correa, Juan de Dios; Blanco, O.; González, Rina; Parra, I.; Toledo, G.
- ItemAdvances in the physiological and pathological implications of cholesterol(2013) Cortés Mora, Víctor Antonio; Busso, Dolores; Mardones, Pablo; Maiz Gurruchaga, Manuel Alberto; Arteaga Ll., Antonio; Nervi, Flavio; Rigotti Rivera, Attilio
- ItemApolipoprotein A-I deficiency does not affect biliary lipid secretion and gallstone formation in mice(2011) Amigo Boker, Ludwig Peter; Quiñones, Verónica; Leiva Mendoza, Andrea Alejandra; Busso, Dolores; Zanlungo Matsuhiro, Silvana; Nervi, Flavio; Rigotti Rivera, Attilio
- ItemAutoevaluación sobre formación en medicina paliativa en una cohorte de residentes(2004) Vial C, P.; Ibañez Lazo, Patricio; Umaña Valdivia, Alfredo; Reyes Donoso, María Margarita; Viviani García, Paola; Nervi, FlavioBackground: Little is known about the status and level of medical education on palliative care, symptom control and aspects of end of life care provided by medical school programs in Chile. Aim: To determine if a cohort of residents had palliative care and end of life care education during pre graduate and post graduate training. Residents were also asked to self assess their proficiency in these areas. Material and Methods: In 2002, we contacted 200 of a total of 327 residents of the postgraduate programs of the Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile. They were asked to anonymously answer a preformed questionnaire addressing different aspects related to palliative care, symptom control and end of life issues. Results: Less than 25% of residents received some degree of palliative care education during their studies, and approximately half of them considered that the level of proficiency reached was less than 25%. This contrasted with a good self assessment in the management of pain and gastrointestinal symptoms. For the treatment of the anorexia-cachexia syndrome and delirium, approximately 50% of the cohort had a mean self assessment score of 3 in a scale of 1 to 7. More than 80% of residents considered that palliative medicine education is important for their medical career. Conclusions: Chilean medical schools must improve palliative care and end of life training as part of their mandatory curriculum in both the pre and post graduate levels (Rev Méd Chile 2004; 132: 445-52).
- ItemBile acid synthesis is increased in Chilean Hispanics with gallstones and in gallstone high-risk Mapuche Indians(2004) Gälman, Cecilia; Miquel P., Juan Francisco; Pérez Ayuso, Rosa María; Einarsson, Curt; Stahle, Lars; Marshall Rivera, Guillermo; Nervi, Flavio; Rudling, Mats
- ItemCholecystectomy and NAFLD : does gallbladder removal have metabolic consequences?(2013) Nervi, Flavio; Arrese Jiménez, Marco
- ItemCholecystectomy increases hepatic triglyceride content and very-low-density lipoproteins production in mice(WILEY, 2011) Amigo, Ludwig; Husche, Constanze; Zanlungo, Silvana; Luetjohann, Dieter; Arrese, Marco; Miquel, Juan F.; Rigotti, Attilio; Nervi, FlavioBackground & aims: Bile acid (BA) pool size remains unchanged after cholecystectomy (XGB) but it circulates faster, exposing the enterohepatic system to an increased flux of BA. Triglyceride (TG) and BA metabolisms are functionally inter-related. We investigated whether ablation of the gallbladder (GB) modifies hepatic TG metabolism. Methods: Male mice were subjected to XGB and fed a normal diet. In some experiments, mice received a 1% nicotinic acid diet to block lipolysis. Parameters of BA and TG metabolism, and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) activity were measured 1-2 months after XGB. Serum parameters, hepatic lipids and mRNA expression of genes of lipid metabolism were determined. Results: BA pool size and synthesis were normal, but biliary BA secretion doubled during the diurnal light phase in XGB mice. Serum and hepatic TG concentrations increased 25% (P < 0.02), and hepatic very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL)-TG and apoB-48 productions increased 15% (P < 0.03) and 50% (P < 0.01), respectively, after XGB. Feeding a 1% nicotinic acid did normalize VLDL production. MTTP activity increased 15% (P < 0.005) after XGB. Hepatic free fatty acid (FFA) synthesis and content, and mRNA levels of lipid metabolism-related genes remained normal in XGD mice. Conclusions: XGB increased serum and hepatic TG levels, and VLDL production, which were restored to normal by nicotinic acid. The results suggest that FFA flux from adipose tissue to the liver is increased in XGB mice. They support the hypothesis that the GB has a role in the regulation of hepatic TG metabolism and that XGB may favour the accumulation of fat in the liver.
- ItemComposición Genética de la Población Chilena. Distribución de Polimorfismos de Dna Mitocrondrial en Grupos Originarios y en la Población Mixta de Santiago(2002) Rocco, P.; Miquel P., Juan Francisco; Nervi, Flavio; Carvallo de Saint Quentin, Pilar
- ItemContributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: a pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants(2018) Zhou, Bin; Ferreccio Readi, Catterina; Margozzini Maira, Paula; Miquel P., Juan Francisco; Nervi, Flavio; Valdivia Cabrera, Gonzalo
- ItemDeficiency of Niemann-Pick C1 protein protects against diet-induced gallstone formation in mice(2010) Morales France, María Gabriela; Amigo Böker, Ludwig Peter; Balboa Castillo, Elisa Ivana; Acuña Aravena, Mariana Loreto; Castro, Juan; Molina, Héctor; Miquel P., Juan Francisco; Nervi, Flavio; Rigotti Rivera, Attilio; Zanlungo Matsuhiro, Silvana
- ItemEffect of cholecystectomy on bile acid synthesis and circulating levels of fibroblast growth factor 19(2015) Barrera Martínez, Francisco José; Azocar, Lorena; Molina, Héctor; Schalper, Kurt A.; Ocares, Marcia; Liberona, Jessica; Villarroel del Pino, Luis A.; Pimentel Muller, Fernando; Perez Ayuso, Rosa Maria; Nervi, Flavio; Groen, Albert K.; Miquel P., Juan Francisco
- ItemEffect of cholecystectomy on hepatic fat accumulation and insulin resistance in non-obese Hispanic patients : a pilot study(2017) Cortés Mora, Víctor Antonio; Quezada Sanhueza, Nicolás; Uribe Arancibia, Sergio A.; Arrese Jiménez, Marco; Nervi, FlavioAbstract Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly prevalent worldwide. Experimental studies have shown that cholecystectomy (XGB) increases hepatic fat content in mice and appears associated to NAFLD in large retrospective population-based studies. The aim of this study was to prospectively assess the effects of XGB on hepatic fat content (HFC) and insulin resistance (IR) in non-obese, middle aged Hispanic subjects. Methods Twenty-six gallstone patients undergoing elective XGB and 16 control subjects with normal livers and gallbladders at ultrasonography were prospectively followed 24 months for changes in HFC and IR. Clinical, biochemical determinations and hepatic imaging were performed at baseline and 24 months after surgery. MRI technique quantified HFC in four hepatic segments. IR was assessed by the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-IR) index. Results Initial body mass index (BMI) was 25.6 ± 0.4 and 24.3 ± 1.0 in the control and XGB groups of subjects, respectively. Serum insulin level increased from 8.1 ± 0.7 to 10.0 ± 1.9 (μU/ml) 24 months after surgery in XGB patients (p < 0.05); no significant changes were detected in control individuals. Median HOMA-IR index increased from 1.31 (interquartile range, 1.01-1.68) to 2.20 (interquartile range, 1.57 - 2.60) 24 months after XGB, (p < 0.003). Median HOMA-IR index of control subjects remained unchanged at the end of the study. Serum apoB concentration increased from 61.5 ± 3.4 to 79.0 ± 7.8 (μg/ml) in XGB patients (p < 0.03). Serum apoB levels remained within normal ranges in both periods of the study in control subjects. HFC significantly increased in 2 of the 4 segments 24 months after XGB: right posterior hepatic lobe (from 5.3 ± 0.2% to 6.0 ± 0.2%, p > 0.04) and right anterior hepatic lobe (from 5.8 ± 0.2% to 6.6 ± 0.3%, p < 0.02). The average HFC of the four hepatic segments studied slightly increased from 5.4 ± 0.2 to 5.8 ± 0.3 2 years after XGB (p < 0.03). No significant changes were found in HFC in the control subjects at the end of the study. Conclusions Elective XGB increases HFC, HOMA-IR index and serum apoB concentration. These results support the notion that XGB is a risk factor non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and other IR – associated disease conditions.
- ItemEffects of diabetes definition on global surveillance of diabetes prevalence and diagnosis : a pooled analysis of 96 population-based studies with 331288 participants(2015) Danaei, G.; Fahimi, S.; Lu, Y.; Zhou, B.; Hajifathalian, K.; Ferreccio Readi, Catterina; Margozzini Maira, Paula; Miquel P., Juan Francisco; Nervi, Flavio; Valdivia Cabrera, Gonzalo; Di Cesare, M.; Lo, W.; Reis, B.; Cowan, M.; Shaw, J.; Bentham, J.; Lin, J.; Bixby, H.; Magliano, D.; Bovet, P.; Danaei, G.; Fahimi, S.; Lu, Y.; Zhou, B.; Hajifathalian, K.; Ferreccio Readi, Catterina; Margozzini Maira, Paula; Miquel P., Juan Francisco; Nervi, Flavio; Valdivia Cabrera, Gonzalo; Di Cesare, M.; Lo, W.; Reis, B.; Cowan, M.; Shaw, J.; Bentham, J.; Lin, J.; Bixby, H.; Magliano, D.; Bovet, P.
- ItemFactores de riesgo del cáncer de la vía biliar(1987) Bull Simpfendorfer, Paulina; Nervi, Flavio
- ItemFecal bile acid excretion and messenger RNA expression levels of ileal transporters in high risk gallstone patients(2009) Herrera Sepúlveda, Jorge Gabriel; Amigo Boker, Ludwig Peter; Benítez, Carlos; Zanlungo Matsuhiro, Silvana; Miquel P., Juan Francisco; Nervi, Flavio; Husche, Constanze; Lütjohann, DieterAbstract Background Cholesterol gallstone disease (GS) is highly prevalent among Hispanics and American Indians. In GS, the pool of bile acids (BA) is decreased, suggesting that BA absorption is impaired. In Caucasian GS patients, mRNA levels for ileal BA transporters are decreased. We aimed to determine fecal BA excretion rates, mRNA levels for ileal BA transporter genes and of regulatory genes of BA synthesis in Hispanic GS patients. Results Excretion of fecal BA was measured in seven GS females and in ten GS-free individuals, all with a body mass index < 29. Participants ingested the stool marker Cr2O3 (300 mg/day) for 10 days, and fecal specimens were collected on the last 3 days. Chromium was measured by a colorimetric method, and BA was quantitated by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. Intake of calories, nutrients, fiber and cholesterol were similar in the GS and GS-free subjects. Mean BA excretion levels were 520 ± 80 mg/day for the GS-free group, and 461 ± 105 mg/day for the GS group. Messenger RNA expression levels were determined by RT-PCR on biopsy samples obtained from ileum during diagnostic colonoscopy (14 GS-free controls and 16 GS patients) and from liver during surgery performed at 8 and 10 AM (12 GS and 10 GS-free patients operated on for gastrointestinal malignancies), all with a body mass index < 29. Messenger RNA level of the BA transporter genes for ileal lipid binding protein, multidrug resistance-associated protein 3, organic solute transporter alpha, and organic solute transporter beta were similar in GS and GS-free subjects. Messenger RNA level of Cyp27A1, encoding the enzyme 27α-hydroxylase, the short heterodimer partner and farnesoid X receptor remained unchanged, whereas the mRNA level of Cyp7A1, the rate limiting step of BA synthesis, was increased more than 400% (p < 0.01) in the liver of GS compared to GS-free subjects. Conclusion Hispanics with GS have fecal BA excretion rates and mRNA levels of genes for ileal BA transporters that are similar to GS-free subjects. However, mRNA expression levels of Cyp7A1 are increased in GS, indicating that regulation of BA synthesis is abnormal in Hispanics with GS.
- ItemGallbladder disease is associated with insulin resistance in a high risk Hispanic population(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2006) Nervi, Flavio; Miquel, Juan Francisco; Alvarez, Manuel; Ferreccio, Catterina; Garcia Zattera, Maria Jose; Gonzalez, Robinson; Perez Ayuso, Rosa Maria; Rigotti, Attilio; Villarroel, LuisBackground/Aims: We tested whether cholesterol gallstone disease (GS) is associated to insulin resistance and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) in a high risk population.
- ItemGenetic epidemiology of cholesterol cholelithiasis among Chilean Hispanics, Amerindians, and Maoris(W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC, 1998) Miquel P., Juan Francisco; Covarrubias, C.; Villarroel del Pino, Luis A.; Mingrone, G.; Greco, A. V.; Puglielli, L.; Carvallo, P.; Marshall Rivera, Guillermo; Pino Manresa, Guido del; Nervi, Flavio
- ItemGenetic evidence that apolipoprotein E4 is not a relevant susceptibility factor for cholelithiasis in two high-risk populations(AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC, 2007) Mella, Juan G.; Schirin Sokhan, Ramin; Rigotti, Attilio; Pimentel, Fernando; Villarroel, Luis; Wasmuth, Hermann E.; Sauerbruch, Tilman; Nervi, Flavio; Lammert, Frank; Miquel, Juan FranciscoApolipoprotein E (apoE) isoforms are genetic determinants of interindividual variations in lipid metabolism. To assess whether apoE is a genetic risk factor for cholesterol gallstone disease (GD), we analyzed apoE variants in populations from Chile and Germany, two countries with very high prevalence rates of this disease. ApoE genotypes were determined in Chilean gallstone patients (n = 117) and control subjects (n = 122) as well as in German gallstone patients ( n 5 184) and matched controls (n = 184). In addition, we studied apoE variants in subgroups of Chilean patients with strong differences in their susceptibility to acquire gallstones: 50 elderly subjects without gallstones in spite of well-known risk factors for this disease (gallstone-resistant) and 32 young individuals with gallstones but without risk factors (gallstone-susceptible). Furthermore, correlation analysis of apoE genotypes with cholesterol crystal formation times, biliary cholesterol saturation index (CSI), and gallstone cholesterol contents was performed in 81 cholecystectomized patients. In this study analyzing the largest sample set available, apoE4 genotype was not associated with an increased frequency of GD in either population. Moreover, in the Chilean population after adjusting for risk factors such as gender, age, body mass index, serum lipids, and glucose, the odds ratio for the association of the apoE4 allele and GD was significantly (P < 0.05) < 1. Also, genotypes were not correlated with cholesterol crystal formation time, CSI, or gallstone cholesterol content. In contrast to previous smaller studies, apoE polymorphisms were not associated with susceptibility to cholesterol GD in high-risk populations.
- ItemHeterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)(ELIFE SCIENCES PUBLICATIONS LTD, 2021) Iurilli, Maria L. C.; Zhou, Bin; Bennett, James E.; Carrillo Larco, Rodrigo M.; Sophiea, Marisa K.; Rodriguez Martinez, Andrea; Bixby, Honor; Solomon, Bethlehem D.; Taddei, Cristina; Danaei, Goodarz; Di Cesare, Mariachiara; Stevens, Gretchen A.; Riley, Leanne M.; Savin, Stefan; Cowan, Melanie J.; Bovet, Pascal; Damasceno, Albertino; Chirita Emandi, Adela; Hayes, Alison J.; Ikeda, Nayu; Jackson, Rod T.; Khang, Young Ho; Laxmaiah, Avula; Liu, Jing; Miranda, J. Jaime; Saidi, Olfa; Sebert, Sylvain; Soric, Maroje; Starc, Gregor; Gregg, Edward W.; Abarca Gomez, Leandra; Abdeen, Ziad A.; Abdrakhmanova, Shynar; Ghaffar, Suhaila Abdul; Rahim, Hanan F. Abdul; Abu Rmeileh, Niveen M.; Garba, Jamila Abubakar; Acosta Cazares, Benjamin; Adams, Robert J.; Aekplakorn, Wichai; Afsana, Kaosar; Afzal, Shoaib; Agdeppa, Imelda A.; Aghazadeh Attari, Javad; Aguilar Salinas, Carlos A.; Agyemang, Charles; Ahmad, Mohamad Hasnan; Ahmad, Noor Ani; Ahmadi, Ali; Ahmadi, Naser; Ahmed, Soheir H.; Ahrens, Wolfgang; Aitmurzaeva, Gulmira; Ajlouni, Kamel; Al Hazzaa, Hazzaa M.; Al Lahou, Badreya; Al Raddadi, Rajaa; Alarouj, Monira; AlBuhairan, Fadia; AlDhukair, Shahla; Ali, Mohamed M.; Alkandari, Abdullah; Alkerwi, Ala'a; Allin, Kristine; Alvarez Pedrerol, Mar; Aly, Eman; Amarapurkar, Deepak N.; Amiri, Parisa; Amougou, Norbert; Amouyel, Philippe; Andersen, Lars Bo; Anderssen, Sigmund A.; Angquist, Lars; Anjana, Ranjit Mohan; Ansari Moghaddam, Alireza; Aounallah Skhiri, Hajer; Araujo, Joana; Ariansen, Inger; Aris, Tahir; Arku, Raphael E.; Arlappa, Nimmathota; Aryal, Krishna K.; Aspelund, Thor; Assah, Felix K.; Assuncao, Maria Cecilia F.; Aung, May Soe; Auvinen, Juha; Avdicova, Maria; Avi, Shina; Azevedo, Ana; Azimi Nezhad, Mohsen; Azizi, Fereidoun; Azmin, Mehrdad; Babu, Bontha, V; Jorgensen, Maja Boksgaard; Baharudin, Azli; Bahijri, Suhad; Baker, Jennifer L.; Balakrishna, Nagalla; Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed; Banach, Maciej; Bandosz, Piotr; Banegas, Jose R.; Baran, Joanna; Barbagallo, Carlo M.; Barcelo, Alberto; Barkat, Amina; Barros, Aluisio Jd; Gomes Barros, Mauro Virgilio; Basit, Abdul; Bastos, Joao Luiz D.; Bata, Iqbal; Batieha, Anwar M.; Batista, Rosangela L.; Battakova, Zhamilya; Batyrbek, Assembekov; Baur, Louise A.; Beaglehole, Robert; Bel Serrat, Silvia; Belavendra, Antonisamy; Ben Romdhane, Habiba; Benedics, Judith; Benet, Mikhail; Bergh, Ingunn Holden; Berkinbayev, Salim; Bernabe Ortiz, Antonio; Bernotiene, Gailute; Bettiol, Heloisa; Bezerra, Jorge; Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor; Bharadwaj, Sumit; Bhargava, Santosh K.; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Bi, Hongsheng; Bi, Yufang; Bia, Daniel; Lele, Elysee Claude Bika; Bikbov, Mukharram M.; Bista, Bihungum; Bjelica, Dusko J.; Bjerregaard, Peter; Bjertness, Espen; Bjertness, Marius B.; Bjorkelund, Cecilia; Bloch, Katia, V; Blokstra, Anneke; Bo, Simona; Bobak, Martin; Boddy, Lynne M.; Boehm, Bernhard O.; Boeing, Heiner; Boggia, Jose G.; Bogova, Elena; Boissonnet, Carlos P.; Bojesen, Stig E.; Bonaccio, Marialaura; Bongard, Vanina; Bonilla Vargas, Alice; Bopp, Matthias; Borghs, Herman; Braeckevelt, Lien; Braeckman, Lutgart; Bragt, Marjolijn C. E.; Brajkovich, Imperia; Branca, Francesco; Breckenkamp, Juergen; Breda, Joao; Brenner, Hermann; Brewster, Lizzy M.; Brian, Garry R.; Brinduse, Lacramioara; Brophy, Sinead; Bruno, Graziella; Bueno de Mesquita, H. Bas; Bugge, Anna; Buoncristiano, Marta; Burazeri, Genc; Burns, Con; Cabrera de Leon, Antonio; Cacciottolo, Joseph; Cai, Hui; Cama, Tilema; Cameron, Christine; Camolas, Jose; Can, Gunay; Candido, Ana Paula C.; Canete, Felicia; Capanzana, Mario, V; Capkova, Nadezda; Capuano, Eduardo; Capuano, Vincenzo; Cardol, Marloes; Cardoso, Viviane C.; Carlsson, Axel C.; Carmuega, Esteban; Carvalho, Joana; Casajus, Jose A.; Casanueva, Felipe F.; Celikcan, Ertugrul; Censi, Laura; Cervantes Loaiza, Marvin; Cesar, Juraci A.; Chamukuttan, Snehalatha; Chan, Angelique W.; Chan, Queenie; Chaturvedi, Himanshu K.; Chaturvedi, Nish; Rahim, Norsyamlina Che Abdul; Chee, Miao Li; Chen, Chien Jen; Chen, Fangfang; Chen, Huashuai; Chen, Shuohua; Chen, Zhengming; Cheng, Ching Yu; Cheraghian, Bahman; Chetrit, Angela; Chikova Iscener, Ekaterina; Chiolero, Arnaud; Chiou, Shu Ti; Chirlaque, Maria Dolores; Cho, Belong; Christensen, Kaare; Christofaro, Diego G.; Chudek, Jerzy; Cifkova, Renata; Cilia, Michelle; Cinteza, Eliza; Claessens, Frank; Clarke, Janine; Clays, Els; Cohen, Emmanuel; Concin, Hans; Confortin, Susana C.; Cooper, Cyrus; Coppinger, Tara C.; Corpeleijn, Eva; Costanzo, Simona; Cottel, Dominique; Cowell, Chris; Craig, Cora L.; Crampin, Amelia C.; Crujeiras, Ana B.; Csilla, Semanova; Cucu, Alexandra M.; Cui, Liufu; Cureau, Felipe, V; Czenczek Lewandowska, Ewelina; D'Arrigo, Graziella; D'Orsi, Eleonora; Dacica, Liliana; Dal Re Saavedra, Maria Angeles; Dallongeville, Jean; Damsgaard, Camilla T.; Dankner, Rachel; Dantoft, Thomas M.; Dasgupta, Parasmani; Dastgiri, Saeed; Dauchet, Luc; Davletov, Kairat; De Backer, Guy; De Bacquer, Dirk; de Gaetano, Giovanni; De Henauw, Stefaan; de Oliveira, Paula Duarte; De Ridder, David; De Ridder, Karin; de Rooij, Susanne R.; De Smedt, Delphine; Deepa, Mohan; Deev, Alexander D.; DeGennaro, Vincent, Jr.; Dehghan, Abbas; Delisle, Helene; Delpeuch, Francis; Demarest, Stefaan; Dennison, Elaine; Deren, Katarzyna; Deschamps, Valerie; Dhimal, Meghnath; Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F.; Dias da Costa, Juvenal Soares; Diaz Sanchez, Maria Elena; Diaz, Alejandro; Dika, Zivka; Djalalinia, Shirin; Djordjic, Visnja; Do, Ha T. P.; Dobson, Annette J.; Donati, Maria Benedetta; Donfrancesco, Chiara; Donoso, Silvana P.; Doring, Angela; Dorobantu, Maria; Dorosty, Ahmad Reza; Doua, Kouamelan; Dragano, Nico; Drygas, Wojciech; Duan, Jia Li; Duante, Charmaine A.; Duboz, Priscilla; Duda, Rosemary B.; Duleva, Vesselka; Dulskiene, Virginija; Dumith, Samuel C.; Dushpanova, Anar; Dzerve, Vilnis; Dziankowska Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta; Eddie, Ricky; Eftekhar, Ebrahim; Egbagbe, Eruke E.; Eggertsen, Robert; Eghtesad, Sareh; Eiben, Gabriele; Ekelund, Ulf; El Khateeb, Mohammad; El Ati, Jalila; Eldemire Shearer, Denise; Eliasen, Marie; Elliott, Paul; Engle Stone, Reina; Enguerran, Macia; Erasmus, Rajiv T.; Erbel, Raimund; Erem, Cihangir; Eriksen, Louise; Eriksson, Johan G.; Escobedo de la Pena, Jorge; Eslami, Saeid; Esmaeili, Ali; Evans, Alun; Faeh, David; Fakhretdinova, Albina A.; Fall, Caroline H.; Faramarzi, Elnaz; Farjam, Mojtaba; Sant'Angelo, Victoria Farrugia; Farzadfar, Farshad; Fattahi, Mohammad Reza; Fawwad, Asher; Felix Redondo, Francisco J.; Ferguson, Trevor S.; Fernandes, Romulo A.; Fernandez Berges, Daniel; Ferrante, Daniel; Ferrao, Thomas; Ferrari, Marika; Ferrario, Marco M.; Ferreccio, Catterina; Ferrer, Eldridge; Ferrieres, Jean; Figueiro, Thamara Hubler; Fijalkowska, Anna; Fink, Gunther; Fischer, Krista; Foo, Leng Huat; Forsner, Maria; Fouad, Heba M.; Francis, Damian K.; Franco, Maria do Carmo; Frikke Schmidt, Ruth; Frontera, Guillermo; Fuchs, Flavio D.; Fuchs, Sandra C.; Fujiati, Isti I.; Fujita, Yuki; Fumihiko, Matsuda; Furusawa, Takuro; Gaciong, Zbigniew; Gafencu, Mihai; Galbarczyk, Andrzej; Galenkamp, Henrike; Galeone, Daniela; Galfo, Myriam; Galvano, Fabio; Gao, Jingli; Garcia de la Hera, Manoli; Garcia Solano, Marta; Gareta, Dickman; Garnett, Sarah P.; Gaspoz, Jean Michel; Gasull, Magda; Araujo Gaya, Adroaldo Cesar; Gaya, Anelise Reis; Gazzinelli, Andrea; Gehring, Ulrike; Geiger, Harald; Geleijnse, Johanna M.; Ghanbari, Ali; Ghasemi, Erfan; Gheorghe Fronea, Oana Florentina; Giampaoli, Simona; Gianfagna, Francesco; Gill, Tiffany K.; Giovannelli, Jonathan; Gironella, Glen; Giwercman, Aleksander; Gkiouras, Konstantinos; Godos, Justyna; Gogen, Sibel; Goldberg, Marcel; Goldsmith, Rebecca A.; Goltzman, David; Gomez, Santiago F.; Gomula, Aleksandra; Cordeiro da Silva, Bruna Goncalves; Goncalves, Helen; Gonzalez Chica, David A.; Gonzalez Gross, Marcela; Gonzalez Leon, Margot; Gonzalez Rivas, Juan P.; Gonzalez Villalpando, Clicerio; Gonzalez Villalpando, Maria Elena; Gonzalez, Angel R.; Gottrand, Frederic; Graca, Antonio Pedro; Graff Iversen, Sidsel; Grafnetter, Dusan; Grajda, Aneta; Grammatikopoulou, Maria G.; Gregor, Ronald D.; Grodzicki, Tomasz; Groholt, Else Karin; Grontved, Anders; Grosso, Giuseppe; Gruden, Gabriella; Gu, Dongfeng; Gualdi Russo, Emanuela; Guallar Castillon, Pilar; Gualtieri, Andrea; Gudmundsson, Elias F.; Gudnason, Vilmundur; Guerrero, Ramiro; Guessous, Idris; Guimaraes, Andre L.; Gulliford, Martin C.; Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna; Gunter, Marc J.; Guo, Xiu Hua; Guo, Yin; Gupta, Prakash C.; Gupta, Rajeev; Gureje, Oye; Gurzkowska, Beata; Gutierrez Gonzalez, Enrique; Gutierrez, Laura; Gutzwiller, Felix; Ha, Seongjun; Hadaegh, Farzad; Hadjigeorgiou, Charalambos A.; Haghshenas, Rosa; Hakimi, Hamid; Halkjaer, Jytte; Hambleton, Ian R.; Hamzeh, Behrooz; Hange, Dominique; Hanif, Abu A. M.; Hantunen, Sari; Hao, Jie; Kumar, Rachakulla Hari; Hashemi Shahri, Seyed Mohammad; Hassapidou, Maria; Hata, Jun; Haugsgjerd, Teresa; He, Jiang; He, Yuan; He, Yuna; Heidinger Felso, Regina; Heinen, Mirjam; Hejgaard, Tatjana; Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth; Henrique, Rafael dos Santos; Henriques, Ana; Hernandez Cadena, Leticia; Herrala, Sauli; Herrera, Victor M.; Herter Aeberli, Isabelle; Heshmat, Ramin; Hill, Allan G.; Ho, Sai Yin; Ho, Suzanne C.; Hobbs, Michael; Holdsworth, Michelle; Homayounfar, Reza; Homs, Clara; Hopman, Wilma M.; Horimoto, Andrea R. V. R.; Hormiga, Claudia M.; Horta, Bernardo L.; Houti, Leila; Howitt, Christina; Thein Thein Htay; Htet, Aung Soe; Htike, Maung Maung Than; Hu, Yonghua; Huerta, Jose Maria; Huhtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani; Huiart, Laetitia; Petrescu, Constanta Huidumac; Huisman, Martijn; Husseini, Abdullatif; Huu, Chinh Nguyen; Huybrechts, Inge; Hwalla, Nahla; Hyska, Jolanda; Iacoviello, Licia; Ibarluzea, Jesus M.; Ibrahim, Mohsen M.; Wong, Norazizah Ibrahim; Ikram, M. Arfan; Iotova, Violeta; Irazola, Vilma E.; Ishida, Takafumi; Islam, Muhammad; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Iwasaki, Masanori; Jacobs, Jeremy M.; Jaddou, Hashem Y.; Jafar, Tazeen; James, Kenneth; Jamil, Kazi M.; Jamrozik, Konrad; Janszky, Imre; Janus, Edward; Jarani, Juel; Jarvelin, Marjo Riitta; Jasienska, Grazyna; Jelakovic, Ana; Jelakovic, Bojan; Jennings, Garry; Jha, Anjani Kumar; Jiang, Chao Qiang; Jimenez, Ramon O.; Jockel, Karl Heinz; Joffres, Michel; Johansson, Mattias; Jokelainen, Jari J.; Jonas, Jost B.; Jonnagaddala, Jitendra; Jorgensen, Torben; Joshi, Pradeep; Joukar, Farahnaz; Jovic, Dragana P.; Jozwiak, Jacek J.; Juolevi, Anne; Jurak, Gregor; Simina, Iulia Jurca; Juresa, Vesna; Kaaks, Rudolf; Kaducu, Felix O.; Kafatos, Anthony; Kajantie, Eero O.; Kalmatayeva, Zhanna; Kalter Leibovici, Ofra; Kameli, Yves; Kampmann, Freja B.; Kanala, Kodanda R.; Kannan, Srinivasan; Kapantais, Efthymios; Karakosta, Argyro; Karhus, Line L.; Karki, Khem B.; Katibeh, Marzieh; Katz, Joanne; Katzmarzyk, Peter T.; Kauhanen, Jussi; Kaur, Prabhdeep; Kavousi, Maryam; Kazakbaeva, Gyulli M.; Keil, Ulrich; Boker, Lital Keinan; Keinanen Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka; Kelishadi, Roya; Kelleher, Cecily; Kemper, Han C. G.; Kengne, Andre P.; Keramati, Maryam; Kerimkulova, Alina; Kersting, Mathilde; Key, Timothy; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khalili, Davood; Khaw, Kay Tee; Kheiri, Bahareh; Kheradmand, Motahareh; Khosravi, Alireza; Khouw, Ilse M. S. L.; Kiechl Kohlendorfer, Ursula; Kiechl, Stefan; Killewo, Japhet; Kim, Dong Wook; Kim, Hyeon Chang; Kim, Jeongseon; Kindblom, Jenny M.; Klakk, Heidi; Klimek, Magdalena; Klimont, Jeannette; Klumbiene, Jurate; Knoflach, Michael; Koirala, Bhawesh; Kolle, Elin; Kolsteren, Patrick; Konig, Jurgen; Korpelainen, Raija; Korrovits, Paul; Korzycka, Magdalena; Kos, Jelena; Koskinen, Seppo; Kouda, Katsuyasu; Kovacs, Viktoria A.; Kowlessur, Sudhir; Koziel, Slawomir; Kratenova, Jana; Kratzer, Wolfgang; Kriemler, Susi; Kristensen, Peter Lund; Krokstad, Steiner; Kromhout, Daan; Kruger, Herculina S.; Kubinova, Ruzena; Kuciene, Renata; Kujala, Urho M.; Kujundzic, Enisa; Kulaga, Zbigniew; Kumar, R. Krishna; Kunesova, Marie; Kurjata, Pawel; Kusuma, Yadlapalli S.; Kuulasmaa, Kari; Kyobutungi, Catherine; Quang Ngoc La; Laamiri, Fatima Zahra; Laatikainen, Tiina; Lachat, Carl; Laid, Youcef; Lam, Tai Hing; Lambrinou, Christina Paulina; Landais, Edwige; Lanska, Vera; Lappas, Georg; Larijani, Bagher; Latt, Tint Swe; Lauria, Laura; Lazo Porras, Maria; Le Coroller, Gwenaelle; Khanh Le Nguyen Bao; Le Port, Agnes; Le, Tuyen D.; Lee, Jeannette; Lee, Jeonghee; Lee, Paul H.; Lehmann, Nils; Lehtimaki, Terho; Lemogoum, Daniel; Levitt, Naomi S.; Li, Yanping; Liivak, Merike; Lilly, Christa L.; Lim, Wei Yen; Lima Costa, M. Fernanda; Lin, Hsien Ho; Lin, Xu; Lin, Yi Ting; Lind, Lars; Linneberg, Allan; Lissner, Lauren; Litwin, Mieczyslaw; Liu, Lijuan; Lo, Wei Cheng; Loit, Helle Mai; Khuong Quynh Long; Lopes, Luis; Lopes, Oscar; Lopez Garcia, Esther; Lopez, Tania; Lotufo, Paulo A.; Eugenio Lozano, Jose; Lukrafka, Janice L.; Luksiene, Dalia; Lundqvist, Annamari; Lundqvist, Robert; Lunet, Nuno; Lunogelo, Charles; Lustigova, Michala; Luszczki, Edyta; Ma, Guansheng; Ma, Jun; Ma, Xu; Machado Coelho, George L. L.; Machado Rodrigues, Aristides M.; Macieira, Luisa M.; Madar, Ahmed A.; Maggi, Stefania; Magliano, Dianna J.; Magnacca, Sara; Magriplis, Emmanuella; Mahasampath, Gowri; Maire, Bernard; Majer, Marjeta; Makdisse, Marcia; Maki, Paivi; Malekzadeh, Fatemeh; Malekzadeh, Reza; Malhotra, Rahul; Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna; Malyutina, Sofia K.; Maniego, Lynell, V; Manios, Yannis; Mann, Jim, I; Mansour Ghanaei, Fariborz; Manzato, Enzo; Margozzini, Paula; Markaki, Anastasia; Markey, Oonagh; Ioannidou, Eliza Markidou; Marques Vidal, Pedro; Marques, Larissa Pruner; Marrugat, Jaume; Martin Prevel, Yves; Martin, Rosemarie; Martorell, Reynaldo; Martos, Eva; Maruszczak, Katharina; Marventano, Stefano; Mascarenhas, Luis P.; Masoodi, Shariq R.; Mathiesen, Ellisiv B.; Mathur, Prashant; Matijasevich, Alicia; Matsha, Tandi E.; Mavrogianni, Christina; Mazur, Artur; Mbanya, Jean Claude N.; McFarlane, Shelly R.; McGarvey, Stephen T.; McKee, Martin; McLachlan, Stela; McLean, Rachael M.; McLean, Scott B.; McNulty, Breige A.; Benchekor, Sounnia Mediene; Medzioniene, Jurate; Mehdipour, Parinaz; Mehlig, Kirsten; Mehrparvar, Amir Houshang; Meirhaeghe, Aline; Meisfjord, Jorgen; Meisinger, Christa; Menezes, Ana Maria B.; Menon, Geetha R.; Mensink, Gert B. M.; Menzano, Maria Teresa; Mereke, Alibek; Meshram, Indrapal I.; Metspalu, Andres; Meyer, Haakon E.; Mi, Jie; Michaelsen, Kim F.; Michels, Nathalie; Mikkel, Kairit; Milkowska, Karolina; Miller, Jody C.; Minderico, Claudia S.; Mini, G. K.; Miquel, Juan Francisco; Mirjalili, Mohammad Reza; Mirkopoulou, Daphne; Mirrakhimov, Erkin; Misigoj Durakovic, Marjeta; Mistretta, Antonio; Mocanu, Veronica; Modesti, Pietro A.; Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi; Mohajer, Bahram; Mohamed, Mostafa K.; Mohamed, Shukri F.; Mohammad, Kazem; Mohammadi, Zahra; Mohammadifard, Noushin; Mohammadpourhodki, Reza; Mohan, Viswanathan; Mohanna, Salim; Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd; Mohebbi, Iraj; Mohebi, Farnam; Moitry, Marie; Molbo, Drude; Mollehave, Line T.; Moller, Niels C.; Molnar, Denes; Momenan, Amirabbas; Mondo, Charles K.; Monroy Valle, Michele; Monterrubio Flores, Eric; Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K.; Moon, Jin Soo; Moosazadeh, Mahmood; Moreira, Leila B.; Morejon, Alain; Moreno, Luis A.; Morgan, Karen; Morin, Suzanne N.; Mortensen, Erik Lykke; Moschonis, George; Mossakowska, Malgorzata; Mostafa, Aya; Mota Pinto, Anabela; Mota, Jorge; Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel; Motta, Jorge; Moura dos Santos, Marcos Andre; Mridha, Malay K.; Msyamboza, Kelias P.; Thet Thet Mu; Muc, Magdalena; Mugosa, Boban; Muiesan, Maria L.; Mukhtorova, Parvina; Muller Nurasyid, Martina; Murphy, Neil; Mursu, Jaakko; Murtagh, Elaine M.; Musa, Kamarul Imran; Milanovic, Sanja Music; Musil, Vera; Mustafa, Norlaila; Nabipour, Iraj; Naderimagham, Shohreh; Nagel, Gabriele; Naidu, Balkish M.; Najafi, Farid; Nakamura, Harunobu; Namesna, Jana; Nang, Ei Ei K.; Nangia, Vinay B.; Nankap, Martin; Narake, Sameer; Nardone, Paola; Nauck, Matthias; Neal, William A.; Nejatizadeh, Azim; Nekkantti, Chandini; Nelis, Keiu; Nelis, Liis; Nenko, Ilona; Neovius, Martin; Nervi, Flavio; Nguyen, Chung T.; Nguyen, Nguyen D.; Quang Ngoc Nguyen; Nieto Martinez, Ramfis E.; Nikitin, Yury P.; Ning, Guang; Ninomiya, Toshiharu; Nishtar, Sania; Noale, Marianna; Noboa, Oscar A.; Nogueira, Helena; Norat, Teresa; Nordendahl, Maria; Nordestgaard, Borge G.; Noto, Davide; Nowak Szczepanska, Natalia; Al Nsour, Mohannad; Nuhoglu, Irfan; Nurk, Eha; O'Neill, Terence W.; O'Reilly, Dermot; Obreja, Galina; Ochimana, Caleb; Ochoa Aviles, Angelica M.; Oda, Eiji; Oh, Kyungwon; Ohara, Kumiko; Ohlsson, Claes; Ohtsuka, Ryutaro; Olafsson, Orn; Olinto, Maria Teresa A.; Oliveira, Isabel O.; Omar, Mohd Azahadi; Onat, Altan; Ong, Sok King; Ono, Lariane M.; Ordunez, Pedro; Ornelas, Rui; Ortiz, Ana P.; Ortiz, Pedro J.; Osler, Merete; Osmond, Clive; Ostojic, Sergej M.; Ostovar, Afshin; Otero, Johanna A.; Overvad, Kim; Owusu Dabo, Ellis; Paccaud, Fred Michel; Padez, Cristina; Pagkalos, Ioannis; Pahomova, Elena; de Paiva, Karina Mary; Pajak, Andrzej; Palli, Domenico; Palloni, Alberto; Palmieri, Luigi; Pan, Wen Harn; Panda Jonas, Songhomitra; Pandey, Arvind; Panza, Francesco; Papandreou, Dimitrios; Park, Soon Woo; Park, Suyeon; Parnell, Winsome R.; Parsaeian, Mahboubeh; Pascanu, Ionela M.; Pasquet, Patrick; Patel, Nikhil D.; Pecin, Ivan; Pednekar, Mangesh S.; Peer, Nasheeta; Pei, Gao; Peixoto, Sergio Viana; Peltonen, Markku; Pereira, Alexandre C.; Peres, Marco A.; Perez Farinos, Napoleon; Perez, Cynthia M.; Peterkova, Valentina; Peters, Annette; Petersmann, Astrid; Petkeviciene, Janina; Petrauskiene, Ausra; Pettenuzzo, Emanuela; Peykari, Niloofar; Pham, Son Thai; Pichardo, Rafael N.; Pierannunzio, Daniela; Pigeot, Iris; Pikhart, Hynek; Pilav, Aida; Pilotto, Lorenza; Pistelli, Francesco; Pitakaka, Freda; Piwonska, Aleksandra; Pizarro, Andreia N.; Plans Rubio, Pedro; Poh, Bee Koon; Pohlabeln, Hermann; Pop, Raluca M.; Popovic, Stevo R.; Porta, Miquel; Posch, Georg; Poudyal, Anil; Poulimeneas, Dimitrios; Pouraram, Hamed; Pourfarzi, Farhad; Pourshams, Akram; Poustchi, Hossein; Pradeepa, Rajendra; Price, Alison J.; Price, Jacqueline F.; Providencia, Rui; Puder, Jardena J.; Pudule, Iveta; Puhakka, Soile E.; Puiu, Maria; Punab, Margus; Qasrawi, Radwan F.; Qorbani, Mostafa; Tran Quoc Bao; Radic, Ivana; Radisauskas, Ricardas; Rahimikazerooni, Salar; Rahman, Mahfuzar; Rahman, Mahmudur; Raitakari, Olli; Raj, Manu; Rakhimova, Ellina; Rakhmatulloev, Sherali; Rakovac, Ivo; Rao, Sudha Ramachandra; Ramachandran, Ambady; Ramke, Jacqueline; Ramos, Elisabete; Ramos, Rafel; Rampal, Lekhraj; Rampal, Sanjay; Rarra, Vayia; Rascon Pacheco, Ramon A.; Rasmussen, Mette; Rech, Cassiano Ricardo; Redon, Josep; Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M.; Regecova, Valeria; Revilla, Luis; Rezaianzadeh, Abbas; Ribas Barba, Lourdes; Ribeiro, Robespierre; Riboli, Elio; Richter, Adrian; Rigo, Fernando; Rinaldo, Natascia; de Wit, Tobias F. Rinke; Rito, Ana; Ritti Dias, Raphael M.; Rivera, Juan A.; Robitaille, Cynthia; Roccaldo, Romana; Rodrigues, Daniela; Rodriguez Artalejo, Fernando; Rodriguez Perez, Maria Del Cristo; Rodriguez Villamizar, Laura A.; Roggenbuck, Ulla; Rojas Martinez, Rosalba; Rojroongwasinkul, Nipa; Romaguera, Dora; Romeo, Elisabetta L.; Rosario, Rafaela, V; Rosengren, Annika; Rouse, Ian; Roy, Joel G. R.; Rubinstein, Adolfo; Ruhli, Frank J.; Ruidavets, Jean Bernard; Sandra Ruiz Betancourt, Blanca; Ruiz Castell, Maria; Moreno, Emma Ruiz; Rusakova, Iuliia A.; Jonsson, Kenisha Russell; Russo, Paola; Rust, Petra; Rutkowski, Marcin; Sabanayagam, Charumathi; Sacchini, Elena; Sachdev, Harshpal S.; Sadjadi, Alireza; Safarpour, Ali Reza; Safiri, Saeid; Saki, Nader; Salanave, Benoit; Salazar Martinez, Eduardo; Salmeron, Diego; Salomaa, Veikko; Salonen, Jukka T.; Salvetti, Massimo; Samoutian, Margarita; Sanchez Abanto, Jose; Sans, Susana; Santa Marina, Loreto; Santos, Diana A.; Santos, Ina S.; Santos, Lelita C.; Santos, Maria Paula; Santos, Osvaldo; Santos, Rute; Sanz, Sara Santos; Saramies, Jouko L.; Sardinha, Luis B.; Sarrafzadegan, Nizal; Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu; Saum, Kai Uwe; Savva, Savvas; Savy, Mathilde; Sawada, Norie; Sbaraini, Mariana; Scazufca, Marcia; Schaan, Beatriz D.; Rosario, Angelika Schaffrath; Schargrodsky, Herman; Schienkiewitz, Anja; Schipf, Sabine; Schmidt, Carsten O.; Schmidt, Ida Maria; Schnohr, Peter; Schottker, Ben; Schramm, Sara; Schramm, Stine; Schroder, Helmut; Schultsz, Constance; Schutte, Aletta E.; Sein, Aye Aye; Selamat, Rusidah; Sember, Vedrana; Sen, Abhijit; Senbanjo, Idowu O.; Sepanlou, Sadaf G.; Sequera, Victor; Serra Majem, Luis; Servais, Jennifer; Sevcikova, Ludmila; Shalnova, Svetlana A.; Shamah Levy, Teresa; Shamshirgaran, Morteza; Shanthirani, Coimbatore Subramaniam; Sharafkhah, Maryam; Sharma, Sanjib K.; Shaw, Jonathan E.; Shayanrad, Amaneh; Shayesteh, Ali Akbar; Shengelia, Lela; Shi, Zumin; Shibuya, Kenji; Shimizu Furusawa, Hana; Shin, Dong Wook; Shirani, Majid; Shiri, Rahman; Shrestha, Namuna; Si Ramlee, Khairil; Siani, Alfonso; Siantar, Rosalynn; Sibai, Abla M.; Silva, Antonio M.; Silva, Diego Augusto Santos; Simon, Mary; Simons, Judith; Simons, Leon A.; Sjoberg, Agneta; Sjostrom, Michael; Skodje, Gry; Slowikowska Hilczer, Jolanta; Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw; Smeeth, Liam; So, Hung Kwan; Soares, Fernanda Cunha; Sobek, Grzegorz; Sobngwi, Eugene; Sodemann, Morten; Soderberg, Stefan; Soekatri, Moesijanti Y. E.; Soemantri, Agustinus; Sofat, Reecha; Solfrizzi, Vincenzo; Somi, Mohammad Hossein; Sonestedt, Emily; Song, Yi; Sorensen, Thorkild I. A.; Sorgjerd, Elin P.; Jerome, Charles Sossa; Soto Rojas, Victoria E.; Soumare, Aicha; Sovic, Slavica; Sparboe Nilsen, Bente; Sparrenberger, Karen; Spinelli, Angela; Spiroski, Igor; Staessen, Jan A.; Stamm, Hanspeter; Stathopoulou, Maria G.; Staub, Kaspar; Stavreski, Bill; Steene Johannessen, Jostein; Stehle, Peter; Stein, Aryeh D.; Stergiou, George S.; Stessman, Jochanan; Stevanovic, Ranko; Stieber, Jutta; Stockl, Doris; Stocks, Tanja; Stokwiszewski, Jakub; Stoyanova, Ekaterina; Stratton, Gareth; Stronks, Karien; Federal, Maria Wany Strufaldi; Sturua, Lela; Suarez Medina, Ramon; Suka, Machi; Sun, Chien An; Sundstrom, Johan; Sung, Yn Tz; Sunyer, Jordi; Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul; Swinburn, Boyd A.; Sy, Rody G.; Syddall, Holly E.; Sylva, Rene Charles; Szklo, Moyses; Szponar, Lucjan; Tai, E. Shyong; Tammesoo, Mari Liis; Tamosiunas, Abdonas; Tan, Eng Joo; Tang, Xun; Tanrygulyyeva, Maya; Tanser, Frank; Tao, Yong; Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul; Tarp, Jakob; Tarqui Mamani, Carolina B.; Braunerova, Radka Taxova; Taylor, Anne; Taylor, Julie; Tchibindat, Felicite; Tebar, William R.; Tell, Grethe S.; Tello, Tania; Tham, Yih Chung; Thankappan, K. R.; Theobald, Holger; Theodoridis, Xenophon; Thijs, Lutgarde; Thomas, Nihal; Thuesen, Betina H.; Ticha, Lubica; Timmermans, Erik J.; Tjonneland, Anne; Tolonen, Hanna K.; Tolstrup, Janne S.; Topbas, Murat; Topor Madry, Roman; Torheim, Liv Elin; Tormo, Maria Jose; Tornaritis, Michael J.; Torrent, Maties; Torres Collado, Laura; Toselli, Stefania; Touloumi, Giota; Traissac, Pierre; Thi Tuyet Hanh Tran; Trichopoulos, Dimitrios; Trichopoulou, Antonia; Oanh Th Trinh; Trivedi, Atul; Tshepo, Lechaba; Tsigga, Maria; Tsugane, Shoichiro; Tuliakova, Azaliia M.; Tulloch Reid, Marshall K.; Tullu, Fikru; Tuomainen, Tomi Pekka; Tuomilehto, Jaakko; Turley, Maria L.; Twig, Gilad; Tynelius, Per; Tzotzas, Themistoklis; Tzourio, Christophe; Ueda, Peter; Ugel, Eunice; Ukoli, Flora Am; Ulmer, Hanno; Unal, Belgin; Usupova, Zhamyila; Uusitalo, Hannu M. 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Goya; Wareham, Nicholas; Weber, Adelheid; Wedderkopp, Niels; Weerasekera, Deepa; Weghuber, Daniel; Wei, Wenbin; Weres, Aneta; Werner, Bo; Whincup, Peter H.; Medical, Kurt Widhalm; Widyahening, Indah S.; Wiecek, Andrzej; Wilks, Rainford J.; Willeit, Johann; Willeit, Peter; Williams, Julianne; Wilsgaard, Tom; Wojtyniak, Bogdan; Wong McClure, Roy A.; Wong, Andrew; Wong, Jyh Eiin; Wong, Tien Yin; Woo, Jean; Woodward, Mark; Wu, Frederick C.; Wu, Jianfeng; Wu, Li Juan; Wu, Shouling; Xu, Haiquan; Xu, Liang; Yaacob, Nor Azwany; Yamborisut, Uruwan; Yan, Weili; Yang, Ling; Yang, Xiaoguang; Yang, Yang; Yardim, Nazan; Yaseri, Mehdi; Yasuharu, Tabara; Ye, Xingwang; Yiallouros, Panayiotis K.; Yoosefi, Moein; Yoshihara, Akihiro; You, Qi Sheng; You, San Lin; Younger Coleman, Novie O.; Yusof, Safiah Md; Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi; Zaccagni, Luciana; Zafiropulos, Vassilis; Zainuddin, Ahmad A.; Zakavi, Seyed Rasoul; Zamani, Farhad; Zambon, Sabina; Zampelas, Antonis; Zamrazilova, Hana; Zapata, Maria Elisa; Zargar, Abdul Hamid; Zaw, Ko Ko; Zdrojewski, Tomasz; Zejglicova, Kristyna; Vrkic, Tajana Zeljkovic; Zeng, Yi; Zhang, Luxia; Zhang, Zhen Yu; Zhao, Dong; Zhao, Ming Hui; Zhao, Wenhua; Zhen, Shiqi; Zheng, Wei; Zheng, Yingfeng; Zholdin, Bekbolat; Zhou, Maigeng; Zhu, Dan; Zins, Marie; Zitt, Emanuel; Zocalo, Yanina; Cisneros, Julio Zuniga; Zuziak, Monika; Ezzati, Majid; Filippi, Sarah; NCD Risk Factor Collaboration NCDFrom 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions.
- ItemInactivation of hepatic microsomal triglyceride transfer protein protects mice from diet-induced gallstones(W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC, 2006) Amigo, Ludwig; Castro, Juan; Miquel, Juan Francisco; Zanlungo, Silvana; Young, Stephen G.; Nervi, FlavioBackground & Aims: Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) is critical for the production of very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). The current studies were undertaken to examine the in vivo role of MTTP in hepatic cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism, as well as in biliary lipid secretion. We also tested whether MTTP plays a role in diet-induced cholelithiasis in mice. Methods: We used mice in which Mttp had been inactivated in the liver (Mttp(Delta/Delta) mice). We measured several parameters of cholesterol metabolism, fatty acid synthesis, and biliary lipid levels in mice fed a normal or a lithogenic diet. We also assessed the incidence of diet-associated gallstones. Results: Hepatic Mttp inactivation markedly decreased plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels and increased biliary cholesterol and bile acid output. Hepatic cholesterogenesis and fatty acid synthesis were significantly decreased in Mttp(Delta/Delta), mice compared with control mice. The incidence of gallstones decreased from 90% in control mice to 33% in Mttp(Delta/Delta) mice after 8 weeks of a lithogenic diet (P < .0001). The mechanism of the protective effect appears to be increased biliary phospholipid output in Mttp(Delta/Delta) mice, leading to significant unsaturation of gallbladder bile. Conclusions: These results indicate that modulation of Map expression in the liver affects hepatic lipid svnthesis and storage as well as biliary lipid secretion. Our findings further indicate that inhibition of hepatic MTTP activity decreases the risk of experimental cholelithiasis by favoring phospholipid output into the bile.
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