Browsing by Author "Nahuelhual, Laura"

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    Climate change governance in the anthropocene: emergence of polycentrism in Chile
    (2018) Arriagada Cisternas, Rodrigo; Aldunce, Paulina; Blanco, Gustavo; Ibarra, Cecilia; Moraga, Pilar; Nahuelhual, Laura; O'Ryan, Raul; Urquiza, Anahi; Gallardo, Laura
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    Public attitudes and perceptions towards the ocean as an input for public policy
    (2024) Nahuelhual, Laura; von Below, Jonathan; Engler, Alejandra; Campos, Gonzalo; Bianchi, Javiera
    Amidst growing concerns about ocean health and the sustainability of coastal communities, understanding local perceptions and attitudes towards these issues is critical. This research addresses this gap by investigating the views of Chilean coastal communities, offering insights into their relationship with the ocean. We designed and distributed a nationwide online citizen consultation between January and May 2022, covering a range of topics from ocean health perceptions to the frequency of respondents' interaction with the ocean, from which 1221 responses were obtained from all 16 regions of Chile. The data was analyzed using factor analysis of mixed data (FAMD) and cluster analysis. Five distinct clusters were identified, enabling a more comprehensive understanding of community perspectives on ocean-related issues. Cluster 1, comprising mainly middle-aged males, associates the ocean with power, mystery, and economic benefits, emphasizing biodiversity as a crucial indicator of ocean health. In Cluster 2, predominantly retired individuals above 60, engaged in contemplative ocean interactions, prioritize ocean cleanliness and identify overexploitation as a key concern. Cluster 3, composed mostly of females aged 30-60, finds emotional connections like calmness and hope in recreational ocean activities. Young females in Cluster 4, primarily university students, perceive a healthy ocean as pristine and endless and a damaged ocean as an unclean environment. Cluster 5, consisting mostly of coastal residents below 20, predominantly high school students, engage in ocean activities through consumption and contemplation, associating a healthy ocean with cleanliness despite minimal perceived benefits. Our findings highlight the multifaceted nature of human-ocean relationships, emphasizing the need for tailored interventions informed by these diverse perspectives.
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    Reframing illegal fishing in small-scale fisheries as a wicked problem
    (2023) Nahuelhual, Laura; Vallejos, Tomas; Campos, Gonzalo; Vergara, Ximena; Gelcich, Stefan; Estevez, Rodrigo
    Wicked problems are typically social justice and social change problems, complex and messy. They mobilize opposed views about the essential nature of the issues, their relative importance and adequate responses. We assert that illegal fishing in small-scale fisheries (SSF) can be considered a wicked problem and our aim is to test this assertion. We relied on a conceptual framework that defines wicked problems as (1) indefinable and non-generalizable, (2) ambiguously bounded, (3) temporally exacting, (4) repercussive, (5) doubly hermeneutic and (6) morally consequential. We applied a qualitative research approach based on field data comprising three illustrative Chilean SSF, whereas secondary data complemented the analysis. The results demonstrate that illegal fishing fits most of the requirements of a wicked policy problem. It is indefinable and non-generalizable, with different representations and uncertainty about its nature, magnitude and effects. Depictions of the nature of the problem varied from a lack of regulations' legitimacy, to a 'combat' to be won. It is ambiguously bounded, caused by interrelated sub-problems (e.g. poverty, access), involving multiple policy sectors, administrative scales and actors. It is also temporally exacting and repercussive as it lacks criteria to prove that a solution has been reached and the implications of alternative solutions (e.g. self-regulation) are unknown. As long as illegal fishing is reframed as a wicked problem, the stakeholders involved can also recognize that there are no perfect solutions and therefore promote a mix of substandard governance approaches.
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    Situational crime analysis of poaching within Territorial Use Rights Fisheries (TURFs)
    (2024) Vallejos, Tomas; Nahuelhual, Laura; Gelcich, Stefan; Oyanedel, Rodrigo
    Introduction Illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing poses a significant threat to marine resource management globally. Environmental criminology plays a vital role in understanding and mitigating IUU activities by focusing on the contextual elements surrounding these crimes. This study examines the dynamics of poaching within areas managed through Territorial User Rights for Fisheries (TURFs), with a specific emphasis on the loco (Concholepas concholepas) fishery in Chile.Methods Employing Crime Script Analysis (CSA) as the primary methodological lens, this research meticulously deconstructs the criminal process involved in TURFs poaching operations. CSA is used to identify key elements, providing a comprehensive understanding of poachers modus operandi. Additionally, by integrating CSA with Situational Precipitators of Crime (SPC), the study identifies critical factors such as environmental conditions, socio-economic disparities, and enforcement weaknesses that shape poaching opportunities within TURFs.Results The analysis reveals a complex interplay between SPC factors, underscoring their role in shaping poaching dynamics. Key findings highlight the importance of specific environmental conditions, socio-economic disparities, and enforcement weaknesses in facilitating poaching activities. The study identifies various tactics and strategies employed by poachers and the roles of different actors involved in the poaching process.Discussion Building upon these findings, the study proposes a comprehensive Situational Crime Prevention (SCP) framework aimed at effectively combating TURFs poaching. The framework emphasizes the importance of striking a careful balance between restrictive and inclusive measures to mitigate potential negative consequences. The study contributes valuable insights into understanding and addressing IUU fishing, particularly within TURFs in Chile.