Browsing by Author "Murray, Warwick E."

Now showing 1 - 8 of 8
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    Ciudades en auge en Chile: rol de la actividad exportadora en la dinámica del empleo urbano
    (2018) Rehner, Johannes; Rodríguez Jara, Sebastián; Murray, Warwick E.
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    Competition and co-operation in the semi-periphery: closer economic partnership and sectoral transformations in Chile and New Zealand
    (WILEY, 2007) Barton, Jonathan R.; Gwynne, Robert N.; Murray, Warwick E.
    The signing of a strategic economic partnership (the Trans-Pacific SEP or P4) between Chile, New Zealand, Singapore and Brunei Darussalam in 2005 reveals the emergence of a new generation of trade agreements that seek to promote longer-term synergies and cooperation. This is in marked contrast with a purely competitive, market-based model of agreements whereby economies are opened up to oligopsonistic capital. The orientation is clearly more neostructural and strategic in construction, emphasizing the opportunities within the global economy of improved relations with similarly positioned economies within the semi-periphery. This article analyses both the basis for and implications of the P4 for Chile and New Zealand by looking at three sectors in which both countries are competitive in export markets: dairy, wine and fisheries. By assessing similarities and differences, and the ways in which competition or co-operation might be established, the potential impacts of the agreement can be posited. Within a global context of bilateral and multilateral commercial agreements, it is this type of agreement that perhaps best fits the needs of smaller economies in the periphery that seek to establish greater competitive space for their exports in core economies without engaging in a mutually destructive war of competition in similar sectors and products.
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    Critical issues in conceptualising, researching and constructing ethical value networks
    (2022) Murray, Warwick E.; Bidwell, Simon; Howson, Kelle; Overton, John; Rehner, Johannes
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    Ethical value networks
    (2022) Murray, Warwick E.; Howson, Kelle; Bidwell, Simon; Overton, John; Rehner, Johannes; Williams, Peter B. F.
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    GROUNDING GEOGRAPHIES OF ECONOMIC GLOBALISATION: GLOBALISED SPACES IN CHILE'S NON-TRADITIONAL EXPORT SECTOR, 1980-2005
    (WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC, 2009) Barton, Jonathan R.; Murray, Warwick E.
    The debate around neoliberal globalisation and its impacts on economically peripheral countries has been waged by partisan forces to the right and left since the early 1990s. Much of this debate focuses at the scale of the nation-state, or of the whole globe, and, while often sophisticated in an ideological sense, is scant in terms of consideration of the 'grounded' outcomes of the processes and discourses of globalisation. This paper argues that an appreciation of the contingent economic geography and political economy of any given local and regional transformation is essential for understanding the outcomes of economic globalisation. In order to illustrate this, the paper analyses two regional non-traditional agricultural export (NTAX) complexes in the highly globalised Chilean economy. By focusing on 'hotspots' or 'globalised spaces' at the regional and local scales we are able to cut through the rhetoric associated with generalised arguments for and against economic globalisation and illustrate that both the roots and impacts of the insertion into global commodity complexes are highly geographically contingent. Our analysis concludes that NTAX development in Chile over the past 25 years has radically restructured local and regional economies, has concentrated wealth 'extra-regionally', has exacerbated social differentiation, and threatens environmental sustainability. We argue that policy that seeks to address these trends requires more grounded consideration of the complex and uneven geography of economic globalisation that does not privilege analysis at any one scale and that seeks to elucidate the links between the 'global' and the 'local'.
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    Land of miracles? A critical analysis of poverty reduction strategies in Chile, 1975-2005
    (LIVERPOOL UNIV PRESS, 2009) Murray, Warwick E.; Kousary, Lida; Barton, Jonathan R.
    Chile has been lauded as a 'miracle economy' by orthodox development thinkers given its high and virtually uninterrupted economic growth over the past three decades. The social impacts of this economic transformation are controversial, absolute poverty has been reduced considerably, while income inequality has not. This article analyses poverty trends over the last thirty years, paying particular attention to the political approaches that have underpinned alleviation strategies and how these have shifted over time. The key finding of this research is that the radical neoliberal policies and structural adjustment of the 1970s and 1980s during the Pinochet regime had severe negative effects oil the poor and middle class. The transition to democracy and the adoption of neostructuralism has produced considerable reductions in absolute poverty, attributed by supporters to the Concertacion governments' pro-growth economic agenda combined with progressive social policies and innovative institutional reforms enacted in the context of a conducive political environment. Notwithstanding undeniable progress, there remain significant challenges in terms of reducing relative poverty, social exclusion, isolation and vulnerability underpinned by persistently high levels of inequality, a stratified social protection system and a dual tabour market. There are unresolved tensions between the market, social rights and democratic freedoms in the current Chilean model that require resolution if the social achievements of the democratic transition are to be sustained.
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    Transformations in resource peripheries: an analysis of the Chilean experience
    (WILEY, 2008) Barton, Jonathan R.; Gwynne, Robert N.; Murray, Warwick E.
    Building on Hayter et al.'s (2003) characterisation of resource peripheries in terms of four institutional dimensions, this article conceptualises four, similar 'transformations' (political, economic, socio-cultural and environmental) intended to evolve this conceptual framework. The case of Chile is analysed in order to ground the analysis, emphasising the structural aspects of its historical experience as a resource periphery. It is clear that the country's condition as a resource periphery has been central to the transformations that have taken place since the early colonial period. In order to illustrate this, the article briefly explores the links between Latin American structuralist and emerging resource periphery accounts. As such, we discuss some of the policy options that might allow the country to move beyond resource periphery status - a goal which is necessary if uneven development in Chile is to be tackled. We conclude that if even and equitable development are goals of geographical analysis then structuralist-informed political-economic work of this nature warrants renewed emphasis.
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    Uneven development: commodities, chains and networks
    (2022) Howson, Kelle; Murray, Warwick E.; Rehner, Johannes