Browsing by Author "Mosso Gómez, Lorena Montserrat"

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    Epidemiological insights into neural tube and orofacial malformations in Chile using data from the National Registry of Congenital Anomalies (RENACH)
    (2025) Busso, Dolores; Jiménez, Fernanda; González, María Josefina; Cárcamo, Marcela; Mosso Gómez, Lorena Montserrat
    Background Congenital anomalies affect approximately 6% of global births annually and contribute significantly to infant mortality and long-term disability. Low folate status has been linked to malformations such as neural tube defects (NTDs) and orofacial clefts (OFCs). This work aimed to estimate the national prevalence of these two groups of malformations in Chile, a country subjected to mandatory folic acid fortification of flour. We also analyzed the sex dimorphism of the NTD and OFC and described the main associated comorbidities. Methods In this cross-sectional descriptive study, we used data from the Chilean National Registry of Congenital Anomalies (2016–2017) to analyze NTD and OFC prevalence and sex bias. Results The study included 3,376 records, revealing a total of 7.63/10,000 births for NTD patients and 12.01/10,000 for OFC patients. Anencephaly and cleft lip/palate were the most prevalent subtypes in the NTD and OFC. Sex-related differences were noted, with a significantly greater prevalence of cleft lip/palate and cleft lip in males and a tendency toward a greater prevalence of anencephaly in females. Approximately 70% of NTD cases were isolated; associated malformations primarily involved the nervous, musculoskeletal, and facial systems. Isolated OFC accounted for 77% of cases, with musculoskeletal and neurological malformations being the most frequently associated. Conclusions NTD and OFC prevalence and sex-specific variations are consistent with estimates in countries that apply mandatory folic acid fortification policies. This study provides valuable insights into the epidemiology of NTDs and OFCs in Chile and emphasizes the importance of ongoing surveillance through standardized data collection.
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    The impact of the micronutrient iodine in health and diseases
    (Bellwether Publishing, Ltd., 2020) Opazo, María Cecilia; Riedel, Claudia A.; Coronado, Arrazola Irenice; Vallejos Gálvez, Omar Patricio; Kalergis Parra, Alexis Mikes; Bueno Ramírez, Susan Marcela; Moreno Reyes, Rodrigo; Fardella Bello, Carlos Enrique; Mosso Gómez, Lorena Montserrat
    © 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.Adequate iodine nutrition is crucial for all mammals by playing his starring role as a component of thyroid hormones, which are key regulators of cellular processes for life such as differentiation, growth, function, and metabolism. Deficiency or excess of iodine in the diet are worldwide highly frequent conditions that are responsible of health problems like hypothyroidism, hypothyroxinemia, goiter, thyroiditis, hyperthyroidism, and autoimmune thyroid diseases among others. The incorporation of iodine in salt or other nutrients resolved the consequences of severe iodine deficiency like goiter, cretinism. However, this strategy in several countries led to other ailments like Hashimoto autoimmune thyroiditis, hyperthyroidism, and hypothyroidism. The goal of this review is to analyze and discuss the different aspects of iodine nutrition for human health comprising its biological role through thyroid hormones, pathogen control, and the regulation of the intestinal microbiota.