Browsing by Author "Molnar-Gabor, Fruzsina"

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    Minding Rights: Mapping Ethical and Legal Foundations of 'Neurorights'
    (2023) Ligthart, Sjors; Ienca, Marcello; Meynen, Gerben; Molnar-Gabor, Fruzsina; Andorno, Roberto; Bublitz, Christoph; Catley, Paul; Claydon, Lisa; Douglas, Thomas; Farahany, Nita; Fins, Joseph J.; Goering, Sara; Haselager, Pim; Jotterand, Fabrice; Lavazza, Andrea; McCay, Allan; Paz, Abel Wajnerman; Rainey, Stephen; Ryberg, Jesper; Kellmeyer, Philipp
    The rise of neurotechnologies, especially in combination with artificial intelligence (AI)-based methods for brain data analytics, has given rise to concerns around the protection of mental privacy, mental integrity and cognitive liberty - often framed as "neurorights" in ethical, legal, and policy discussions. Several states are now looking at including neurorights into their constitutional legal frameworks, and international institutions and organizations, such as UNESCO and the Council of Europe, are taking an active interest in developing international policy and governance guidelines on this issue. However, in many discussions of neurorights the philosophical assumptions, ethical frames of reference and legal interpretation are either not made explicit or conflict with each other. The aim of this multidisciplinary work is to provide conceptual, ethical, and legal foundations that allow for facilitating a common minimalist conceptual understanding of mental privacy, mental integrity, and cognitive liberty to facilitate scholarly, legal, and policy discussions.
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    Neurotechnological Applications and the Protection of Mental Privacy: An Assessment of Risks
    (2024) Lopez-Silva, Pablo; Wajnerman, Paz Abel; Molnar-Gabor, Fruzsina
    The concept of mental privacy can be defined as the principle that subjects should have control over the access to their own neural data and to the information about the mental processes and states that can be obtained by analyzing it. Our aim is to contribute to the current debate on mental privacy by identifying the main positions, articulating key assumptions and addressing central arguments. First, we map the different positions found in current literature. We distinguish between those who dismiss concerns about mental privacy and those who endorse them. In this latter group, we establish a further disagreement between conservative and liberal strategies to protect mental privacy. Then, we address the first discussion by articulating and criticizing different skeptical views on mental privacy. Finally, we try to identify what are the unique features of neural data and examine how they may be connected to the ways in which neurotechnological mindreading could put mental privacy at risk. We suggest that even if neural data is unique, it may not require new strategies to protect people from its misuse. However, identifying the special features and risks of neurotechnological mind-reading is necessary for the second discussion on mental privacy to properly take off.