Browsing by Author "Mocarquer, Sebastian"

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    A delicate balance in South America
    (2008) Rudnick, Hugh; Barroso, Luiz; Mocarquer, Sebastian; Bezerra, Bernardo
    This article deals with the challenges of balancing the need for hydroelectricity with the impact on the environment. Economic efficiency, energy security, and environmental sustainability are concerns that must be considered in any energy policy in any given country. These key aspects remain challenged currently in South America. High energy consumption growth worldwide rising fossil fuels prices, strong environmentalist pressure toward reducing greenhouse gas effects, and promotion of renewable energy production have been a common challenge in South American energy markets. The development of vast unexploited hydroelectric resources is also at the center of attention, where its renewable character is being confronted with its environmental impact.
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    Balance of power
    (2009) Mocarquer, Sebastian; Barroso, Luiz; Rudnick, Hugh; Bezerra, Bernardo; Pereira, Mario
    This paper discusses the challenges in the procurement of electricity. The primary challenge faced by the countries in Latin America is to ensure sufficient capacity and investment to reliably serve their growing economies. The turn of the century brought different challenges to the energy supply in the region and to its market policy emphasis, coupled with a worldwide rocketing up of fuel prices.
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    Expansion Pressure: Energy Challenges in Brazil and Chile
    (2012) Bezerra, Bernardo; Mocarquer, Sebastian; Barroso, Luiz; Rudnick, Hugh
    In Latin America, primary energy demand is projected to grow on average by 1.7% per year and to reach 830 million tons of oil equivalent (mtoe) by 2035, according to the International Energy Agency's 2011 World Energy Outlook. Demand for renewables in the power generation sector in the region will double over that period, reaching nearly 140 mtoe in 2035. Furthermore, the IEA projects that biofuels use in road transport will increase by more than 4% per year, reaching 1 million barrels per day (mb/d) by 2035, representing around 25% of fuel consumption in the sector. The economic giant in the region, Brazil, will increase its primary energy consumption to 420 mtoe in 2035, representing more than half of the regional total.
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    LNG in South America: the markets, the prices and the security of supply
    (IEEE, 2008) Barroso, Luiz Augusto; Rudnick van de Wyngard, Hugh; Mocarquer, Sebastian; Kelman, Rafael; Bezerra, Bernardo
    South America has emerged in recent years as one of the most dynamic regions for natural gas and electricity development. The continent boasts natural gas reserves and high-growth energy markets. The need to diversify away from heavy investments in hydropower and expensive oil is driving many countries to promote the use of natural gas, especially for power generation. On the other hand, challenges are being observed such as competition between hydro- and thermal generation, the breaking of cross-country natural gas agreements, competition between natural gas and other resources for power generation and electric transmission, and others. More recently, LNG started to be considered an option to ensure the adequacy of natural gas supply for power generation. Brazil and Chile are leading the implementation process of regasification facilities. However, the region has also potential to become an exporter of LNG in the medium-term once the potential gas reserves that require deep drilling become commercially available. This paper discusses the introduction of LNG in South America, focusing on the markets, the prices and the security of supply.
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    Transmission expansion in fast growing economies and the challenges of renewables integration
    (IEEE, 2012) Rudnick van de Wyngard, Hugh; Ferreira, Rafael; Mocarquer, Sebastian; Barroso, Luis
    Transmission expansion in fast growing economies imposes severe challenges to electricity markets, given the need for planning and executing major midterm investments in an environment of uncertainty in load growth and generation expansion, coupled to the arrival of distributed renewable energy resources. This paper describes the approaches of two countries, Brazil and Chile, to tackle the challenges of transmission expansion, focusing on treatment of uncertainties, schemes for implementing expansion plans, and problems currently faced by different stakeholders. Renewable energy projects have experienced a significant development in the two countries, despite of difficulties faced by project developers with regard to financing, contracting, and, particularly, grid connection. We discuss solutions adopted or currently under consideration for the integration of renewables to the transmission system.