Browsing by Author "Martinez Folgar, Kevin"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Evaluating the health effects of place-based slum upgrading physical environment interventions: A systematic review (2012-2018)
    (PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2020) Henson, Rosie Mae; Ortigoza, Ana; Martinez Folgar, Kevin; Baeza, Fernando; Caiaffa, Waleska; Vives Vergara, Alejandra; Diez Roux, Ana, V; Lovasi, Gina; CEDEUS (Chile)
    Rapid urbanization in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) is associated with increasing population living in informal settlements. Inadequate infrastructure and disenfranchisement in settlements can create environments hazardous to health. Placed-based physical environment upgrading interventions have potential to improve environmental and economic conditions linked to health outcomes. Summarizing and assessing evidence of the impact of prior interventions is critical to motivating and selecting the most effective upgrading strategies moving forward. Scientific and grey literature were systematically reviewed to identify evaluations of physical environment slum upgrading interventions in LMICs published between 2012 and 2018. Thirteen evaluations that fulfilled inclusion criteria were reviewed. Quality of evaluations was assessed using an adapted Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Findings were then pooled with those published prior to 2012. Narrative analysis was performed. Of thirteen evaluations, eight used a long-itudinal study design ("primary evaluations"). All primary evaluations were based in Latin America and included two housing, two transportation, and four comprehensive intervention evaluations. Three supporting evaluations assessed housing interventions in Argentina and South Africa; two assessed a comprehensive intervention in India. Effects by intervention-type included improvements in quality of life and communicable diseases after housing interventions, possible improvements in safety after transportation and comprehensive interventions, and possible non-statistically significant effects on social capital after comprehensive interventions. Effects due to interventions may vary by regional context and intervention scope. Limited strong evidence and the diffuse nature of comprehensive interventions suggests a need for attention to measurement of intervention exposure and analytic approaches to account for confounding and selection bias in evaluation. In addition to health improvements, evaluators should consider unintended health consequences and environmental impact. Understanding and isolating the effects of place-based interventions can inform necessary policy decisions to address inadequate living conditions as rapid urban growth continues across the globe.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Inequalities in life expectancy in six large Latin American cities from the SALURBAL study: an ecological analysis
    (ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2019) Bilal, Usama; Alazraqui, Marcio; Caiaffa, Waleska T.; Lopez Olmedo, Nancy; Martinez Folgar, Kevin; Miranda, J. Jaime; Rodriguez, Daniel A.; Vives, Alejandra; Diez Roux, Ana V.; CEDEUS (Chile)
    Background Latin America is one of the most unequal regions in the world, but evidence is lacking on the magnitude of health inequalities in urban areas of the region. Our objective was to examine inequalities in life expectancy in six large Latin American cities and its association with a measure of area-level socioeconomic status.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Using community-based system dynamics modeling to understand the complex systems that influence health in cities: The SALURBAL study
    (ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2019) Langellier, Brent A.; Kuhlberg, Jill A.; Ballard, Ellis A.; Slesinski, S. Claire; Stankov, Ivana; Gouveia, Nelson; Meisel, Jose D.; Kroker Lobos, Maria F.; Sarmiento, Olga L.; Caiaffa, Waleska Teixeira; Roux, Ana V. Diez; Alazraqui, Marcio; Spinelli, Hugo; Guevel, Carlos; Di Cecco, Vanessa; Tisnes, Adela; Leveau, Carlos; Santoro, Adrian; Herkovits, Damian; Gouveia, Nelson; Barreto, Mauricio; Santos, Gervasio; Cardoso, Leticia; de Menezes, Mariana Carvalho; de Pina, Maria de Fatima; Caiaffa, Waleska Teixeira; de Lima Friche, Amelia Augusta; de Souza Andrade, Amanda Cristina; Frenz, Patricia; Alfaro, Tania; Cordova, Cynthia; Ruiz, Pablo; Fuentes, Mauricio; Vives Vergara, Alejandra; Salazar, Alejandro; Cortinez O'Ryan, Andrea; Schmitt, Cristian; Gonzalez, Francisca; Baeza, Fernando; Angelini, Flavia; Sarmiento Duenas, Olga Lucia; Higuera, Diana; Gonzalez, Catalina; Montes, Felipe; Useche, Andres F.; Guaje, Oscar; Maria Jaramillo, Ana; Angel Guzman, Luis; Hessel, Philipp; Lucumi, Diego; David Meisel, Jose; Martinez, Eliana; Kroker Lobos, Maria F.; Ramirez Zea, Manuel; Martinez Folgar, Kevin; Barrientos Gutierrez, Tonatiuh; Perez Ferrer, Carolina; Prado Galbarro, Javier; de Castro, Filipa; Rojas Martinez, Rosalba; Jaime Miranda, J.; Hernandez Vasquez, Akram; Diez Canseco, Francisco; Hammond, Ross; Rodriguez, Daniel; Dronova, Iryna; Wang, Xize; Moran, Mika; Hovmand, Peter; Fuchs, Ricardo Jordan; Braslow, Juliet; Siri, Jose; Roux, Ana Diez; Auchincloss, Amy; Bilal, Usama; Garcia Espana, Felipe; Langellier, Brent; Lovasi, Gina; McClure, Leslie; Michael, Yvonne; Moore, Kari; Quick, Harrison; Quistberg, D. Alex; Sanchez, Brisa N.; Stankov, Ivana; Granados, Jose Tapia; SALURBAL Grp
    We discuss the design, implementation, and results of a collaborative process designed to elucidate the complex systems that drive food behaviors, transport, and health in Latin American cities and to build capacity for systems thinking and community-based system dynamics (CBSD) methods among diverse research team members and stakeholders. During three CB SD workshops, 62 stakeholders from 10 Latin American countries identified 98 variables and a series of feedback loops that shape food behaviors, transportation and health, along with 52 policy levers. Our findings suggest that CBSD can engage local stakeholders, help them view problems through the lens of complex systems and use their insights to prioritize research efforts and identify novel solutions that consider mechanisms of complexity.