Browsing by Author "Loureiro, Carolina"

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    Aldosterone, Plasma Renin Activity, and Aldosterone/Renin Ratio in a Normotensive Healthy Pediatric Population
    (LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2010) Martinez Aguayo, Alejandro; Aglony, Marlene; Campino, Carmen; Garcia, Hernan; Bancalari, Rodrigo; Bolte, Lillian; Avalos, Carolina; Loureiro, Carolina; Carvajal, Cristian A.; Avila, Alejandra; Perez, Viviana; Inostroza, Andrea; Fardella, Carlos E.
    Primary aldosteronism is an important cause of secondary hypertension and is suspected in adults with an aldosterone/renin ratio >= 25. The normal aldosterone/renin ratio is unknown in children. The aim was to establish serum aldosterone, plasma renin activity, and aldosterone/renin ratio values in a healthy pediatric population. A cross-sectional study was performed in 211 healthy normotensive children (4 to 16 years old). Two subgroups of normotensive children were obtained: with hypertensive parents (NH) (n=113) and normotensive parents (n=98). Blood samples for measuring serum aldosterone, plasma renin activity, aldosterone/renin ratio, and DNA were collected. In subjects with aldosterone/renin ratio >= 25, the chimeric CYP11B1/CYP11B2 gene was investigated by long-extension PCR. Results are expressed as median [Q(1)-Q(3)]. NH and normotensive parents groups were similar in serum aldosterone (6.5 [3.6 to 9.0] ng/dL versus 6.5 [2.9 to 9.7] ng/dL; P=0.968) and plasma renin activity (2.3 [1.6 to 3.1] versus 2.4 [1.7 to 3.7] ng/mL per hour; P=0.129). The aldosterone/renin ratio was higher in the NH group, but this difference did not reach statistical significance (2.8 [1.9 to 4.1] versus 2.5 [1.4 to 4.0], P=0.104). In one subject of the NH group, the chimeric CYP11B1/CYP11B2 gene was detected. We demonstrated that normal aldosterone/renin ratio values in a healthy pediatric population without NH were lower than those reported for an adult normotensive population. (Hypertension. 2010;56:391-396.)
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    Birth weight is inversely associated with blood pressure and serum aldosterone and cortisol levels in children
    (WILEY, 2012) Martinez Aguayo, Alejandro; Aglony, Marlene; Bancalari, Rodrigo; Avalos, Carolina; Bolte, Lillian; Garcia, Hernan; Loureiro, Carolina; Carvajal, Cristian; Campino, Carmen; Inostroza, Andrea; Fardella, Carlos
    Context Low birth weight has been independently associated with adult hypertension, and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a role in this connection.
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    Frequency of Familial Hyperaldosteronism Type 1 in a Hypertensive Pediatric Population Clinical and Biochemical Presentation
    (LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2011) Aglony, Marlene; Martinez Aguayo, Alejandro; Carvajal, Cristian A.; Campino, Carmen; Garcia, Hernan; Bancalari, Rodrigo; Bolte, Lillian; Avalos, Carolina; Loureiro, Carolina; Trejo, Pamela; Brinkmann, Karin; Giadrosich, Vinka; Mericq, Veronica; Rocha, Ana; Avila, Alejandra; Perez, Viviana; Inostroza, Andrea; Fardella, Carlos E.
    Familial hyperaldosteronism type 1 is an autosomal dominant disorder attributed to a chimeric CYP11B1/CYP11B2 gene (CG). Its prevalence and manifestation in the pediatric population has not been established. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of familial hyperaldosteronism type 1 in Chilean hypertensive children and to describe their clinical and biochemical characteristics. We studied 130 untreated hypertensive children (4 to 16 years old). Blood samples for measuring plasma potassium, serum aldosterone, plasma renin activity, aldosterone/renin ratio, and DNA were collected. The detection of CG was performed using long-extension PCR. We found 4 (3.08%) of 130 children with CG who belonged to 4 unrelated families. The 4 patients with CG had very high aldosterone/renin ratio (49 to 242). In addition, we found 4 children and 5 adults who were affected among 21 first-degree relatives. Of the 8 affected children, 6 presented severe hypertension, 1 presented prehypertension, and 1 presented normotension. High serum aldosterone levels (> 17.7 ng/dL) were detected in 6 of 8 subjects (range: 18.6 to 48.4 ng/dL) and suppressed plasma renin activity (<= 0.5 ng/mL per hour) and high aldosterone/renin ratio (> 10) in 8 of 8 children (range: 49 to 242). Hypokalemia was observed in only 1 of 8 children. We demonstrated that the prevalence of familial hyperaldosteronism type 1 in a pediatric hypertensive pediatric population was surprisingly high. We found a high variability in the clinical and biochemical characteristics of the affected patients, which suggests that familial hyperaldosteronism type 1 is a heterogeneous disease with a wide spectrum of presentations even within the same family group. (Hypertension. 2011;57:1117-1121.). Online Data Supplement
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    Insulin resistance parameters in children born very preterm and adequate for gestational age
    (WILEY, 2022) Garcia, Hernan; Loureiro, Carolina; Poggi, Helena; D'Apremont, Ivonne; Moore, Rosario; Ossa, Jose Tomas; Bruera, Maria Jose; Peredo, Soledad; Carvajal, Jacqueline; Trincado, Claudia; Martinez Aguayo, Alejandro
    Background Preterm neonates are at risk for metabolic syndrome later in life. Whether prematurity constitutes an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome remains controversial. Objective To compare anthropometric measures, cardiometabolic risk factors and insulin resistance variables between children who were born very preterm (VPT, <32 gestational weeks) and at term (Term, >37 gestational weeks) and adequate for gestational age (AGA). Methods We designed a cross-sectional cohort study, recruiting 120 children (5.0-8.5 years old) from the preterm clinic at Red de Salud UC-Christus and Complejo Asistencial Dr. Sotero del Rio, and term children from the community. We excluded children born small for gestational age, based on INTERGROWTH21. Anthropometrics data were classified using WHO reference standards. The homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), triglyceride-to-HDL-C ratio (TG/HDL-C) and Pediatric Score Index for Metabolic Syndrome (PsiMS) were calculated. Results VPT children born AGA had lower HDL cholesterol levels (p = .019) and a higher PsiMS score than those born at term (p = .043). We observed a higher percentage of children with HDL cholesterol <= 40 mg/dl (13.0% vs. 2.3%, p = .026) and BP >= 90th percentile among the VPT children than among the Term children (26.0% vs. 11.6%, p = .031). Conclusions At school age, blood pressure was higher, and HDL-C was lower among VPT children born AGA, suggesting a potential metabolic risk; therefore, it is essential to follow this group throughout their lives.