Browsing by Author "Lira Salas, María Jesús"

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    ¿Cómo es la calidad de vida reportada por los estudiantes de Medicina?
    (2018) Irribarra Trivelli, Luis Alfonso; Mery I., Pamela; Lira Salas, María Jesús; Campos Daziano, Mauricio Andrés; González L., Francisca; Irarrázaval, Sebastián
    Background: The high academic burden may hamper the quality of life of medical students. Aim: To evaluate the quality of life (QOL) for medical students attending a Chilean university. Material and Methods: Four hundred eleven medical students aged 22 ± 2 years (51% women), studying in Santiago, Chile, answered online a validated Spanish version of the WHOQOL-BREF quality of life survey (scored from 0 to 100). Overall scores were assessed for the questionnaire domains Physical health, Psychological health, Interpersonal relationships, and Environment. Results: The global scores were 65.1 for Physical health, 63.1 for Psychological health, 61.3 for Interpersonal relationships and 67.2 for Environment. Students in clinical practice, females, those with sedentary behaviors and consuming modafinil had lower Physical health scores. Students coming from outside Santiago, with sedentary behaviors and who consumed modafinil had poorer Psychological health scores. Students coming from outside Santiago, males and those with sedentary behaviors had Lower Interpersonal relationship scores. Environment scores were also lower among students who were sedentary or from outside Santiago. Conclusions: The variables that had a greater negative impact in the quality of life of these students were the transition from theoretical courses to clinical practice, being from outside Santiago, being overweight or obese and consuming modafinil. Students that were physically active had better quality of life scores.
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    Contamination rate of the surgical gowns during total hip arthroplasty
    (2019) Klaber Rosenberg, Ianiv Walter; Ruiz, Pablo; Schweitzer Fernandez, Daniel Alberto; Lira Salas, María Jesús; Botello Correa, Eduardo Andrés; Wozniak Banchero, Aniela
    Introduction: Surgical instrument contamination during total joint replacement is a matter of major concern. Available recommendations suggest changing suction tips, gloves and avoiding light handle manipulation during the procedure. There is a paucity of data regarding surgical gown contamination. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the contamination rate of surgical gowns (SGs) during total hip arthroplasty (THA) and secondarily compare it with other orthopedic procedures. Materials and methods: One hundred and forty surgical gowns (from 70 surgeries) were screened for bacterial contamination using thioglycolate (a high-sensitivity culture broth). The THA contamination rate was compared with those of knee and spine procedures. Controls were obtained at the beginning of every surgery and from the culture broth. The procedure’s duration and the level of training of the surgeon were evaluated as potential risk factors for contamination. Results: Bacterial contamination was identified on 12% of surgical gowns (22% of surgical procedures). The contamination rate during THA was 4.1% (2% in primary THA and 8.3% in revisions) vs 21.67% during other surgeries (spine and knee) (OR 6.15, p = 0.012). There were no contaminated SGs during THAs performed in ≤ 2 h (0/33 SGs) vs 7.5% (3/40) for THAs that took ≥ 2 h (p = 0.25). Conclusion: There was a high rate of SG contamination during orthopedic procedures that was higher during non-arthroplasty procedures and prolonged THAs. There were no contaminated surgical gowns in THAs under 120 min, efforts should point keeping primary THAs under this cutoff time. As a general recommendation, SGs should be changed every time there is concern about potential contamination. © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
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    Educación en pacientes adultos mayores sometidos a endoprótesis total de cadera: Un enfoque centrado en las preferencias de los pacientes
    (2023) Morales Diaz, Sergio Luis; Valdivia Cabrera, Gonzalo Sergio; Botello Correa, Eduardo Andrés; Klaber Rosenberg, Ianiv Walter; Carmona Castillo, Maximiliano; Lira Salas, María Jesús
    Propósito del estudio: Describir las preferencias educativas de los beneficiarios de las Garantías Explicitas en Salud (GES) que fueron sometidos a una cirugía de endoprótesis total de cadera. Material y método: Se diseñó una encuesta que exploró las preferencias educativas referentes a cada etapa del proceso quirúrgico de adultos mayores sometidos a endoprótesis total de cadera en un centro hospitalario universitario. Se seleccionó el total de pacientes operados en el centro durante el año 2019. La encuesta se aplicó de manera telefónica por un encuestador entrenado. El tiempo entre la aplicación de la encuesta y la cirugía fue entre 2 y 14 meses. Resultados: Se incluyeron 63 pacientes, cuya edad promedio fue 72,5 años y el 69,8% correspondía al sexo femenino. Con respecto a su cobertura de salud el 57,2% era beneficiario de FONASA y el 42,7% de ISAPRE. Las preferencias de información descritas en nuestra muestra con respecto al proceso quirúrgico desde su inicio a fin, señalan la cirugía (40,4%) y los cuidados post operatorios (29,3%) como los temas de más interés. Los temas de menor interés fueron los cuidados preoperatorios (45,2%) y la información relacionada a la hospitalización (31,7%). Los pacientes encuestados valoraron la información entregada previa a su cirugía como adecuada, útil y fácil de entender. Conclusiones: Los adultos mayores sometidos a endoprótesis señalaron la información específica referente a la cirugía y los cuidados post operatorios como los temas educativos de mayor interés. La información estándar entregada por los médicos tratantes fue bien recibida por los pacientes.
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    Evaluation of the Chilean National Orthopaedic Examination Over 11 Years: Progress and Outcomes of National and International Examinees
    (LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2024) Lira Salas, María Jesús; Besa Vial, Pablo José; Irarrázaval Dominguez, Sebastián; Ruz Laurent, Cristian Andrés; Walbaum, Garcia Cristóbal; Montecinos, Carla; Amenabar, Diego; Orrego Luzoro, Mario Santiago
    Introduction: The National Orthopaedics Examination (EMNOT) was initially designed for Chilean orthopaedic program graduates and is now a crucial component of the revalidation process for international orthopaedic surgeons seeking practice in Chile. This study aims to describe participation and performance of EMNOT examinees based on their origin and to analyze the difficulty and discrimination indexes during its first 11 years of implementation. Methods: A retrospective assessment was conducted on all EMNOT results from 2009 to 2019. The study evaluated the participation and performance of examinees according to their origin and examined the difficulty and discrimination indexes of the examination.Results: A total of 975 examinees were evaluated, with 41.23% from national resident programs (National Medical Graduates) and 58.77% from international examinees (International Medical Graduates). The number of participating universities increased from 4 in 2009 to 17 in 2019. National Medical Graduates examinees achieved a mean score of 66.52 +/- 8.67 (0 to 100 points) while International Medical Graduates examinees scored 55.13 +/- 11.42 (P , 0.001). The difficulty and discrimination indexes remained adequate throughout this period. Discussion: Over the course of 11 years, the number of EMNOT examinees exhibited notable growth. The examination effectively differentiates between candidates based on their origin and maintains appropriate levels of difficulty and discrimination.
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    Increasing incidence of rotator cuff surgery : a nationwide registry study in Chile
    (2021) Vidal Olate, Catalina Victoria; Lira Salas, María Jesús; Marinis Acle, Rodrigo Ignacio de; Liendo Verdugo, Rodrigo Javier; Contreras, Julio J.
    Background: The rotator cuff surgery (RCS) incidence is rising rapidly in North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. Despite this, multiple factors limit patients’ access to surgery. In Latin America, barriers to orthopedic surgery have been largely ignored. The purpose of this study was to calculate the rate of RCS in Chile between 2008 and 2018, investigating possible associated factors to access such as age, sex, and the health insurance. Methods: An ecological study was carried out with nationwide data obtained from the Database of Hospital Discharges of the Department of Statistics. All Chilean inhabitants aged 25 years or more were included. We used the ICD-10 codes M751, M754, and S460. The annual incidence rate of surgeries and the incidence rate for the period studied per 100,000 inhabitants were calculated. Data were analyzed stratified by age, sex, year of study, and the health insurance. Negative binomial regression was used to compare rates. Statistical analyzes were performed with Stata v.14 software. Results: 39,366 RCSs were performed, with a total rate for the period of 32.36 per 100,000 inhabitants. The annual rate of surgeries from 2008 to 2018 increased from 24.55 to 49.11 per 100,000/year. When adjusting for year, an annual increase in surgery rates of 8.19% (95% CI 6.7–9.6) and 101% growth between 2008 and 2018 (95% CI 90–109%, p < 0.001) was observed. When comparing the global rates according to the health insurance, the public system corresponds to 21.3 per 100,000 and the private system to 72 per 100,000, the latter being 3.4-times higher (95% CI 2.7–4.4; p < 0.001). Conclusion: RCS rates are increasing in Chile concordantly with previous reports of other western countries. The most important factor associated with RCS rate found was the patients’ health insurance, with higher rates observed for the private sector.
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    Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty
    (2020) Schweitzer, Daniel; Klaber Rosenberg, Ianiv; García Muñoz, Patricia; López, F.; Lira Salas, María Jesús; Botello Correa, Eduardo
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    Percepción de la vivencia al diagnóstico del VIH, en personas viviendo con VIH/SIDA. Acceso oportuno al test de VIH.
    (2016) Carrasco Aldunate, Paola De Lourdes; Araya G., Alejandra X.; Vega Vega, Paula Andrea; Urrutia S., María Teresa; Rubio Acuña, Miriam Ester; Trujillo Guarda, Claudio Antonio; Lira Salas, María Jesús
    Background: The delay in the diagnosis of AIDS results in higher treatment costs. Aim: To reveal the experiences of people who were diagnosed in the AIDS stage about the access to the ELISA test. Material and Methods: In depth interviews were carried out to 15 participants from public hospitals who were in the AIDS stage at the moment of the diagnosis. The main questions asked were about the motivations to take the test, the barriers found and the help received from the health care personnel. All interviews were recorded and analyzed according to Kripperdorff. Results: The three categories that emerged were the motivations to take the test, the facilitators found and the difficulties to access to the test. The main motivation was a condition of vulnerability due to the suspicion or certainty of being infected. The main facilitator was the sensation of being accepted and not discriminated. The main difficulties were the fear of having a positive test and of being discriminated and the lack of information. Conclusions: Knowing these experiences will help to improve the early detection of HIV infections.
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    Significado de la Histerectomía para un grupo de hombres chilenos, parejas de mujeres histerectomizadas
    (2012) Araya Gutiérrez, Alejandra; Urrutia Soto, María Teresa; Jara Suazo, Daniel Esteban; Silva Solovera, Sergio; Lira Salas, María Jesús; Flores Espinoza, Claudia
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    Somos los traumatólogos inmunes al Burnout?
    (2020) Orrego Luzoro, Mario; Lira Salas, María Jesús; Irarrázaval, Sebastián
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    Tibial tubercle to trochlear groove and the roman arch method for tibial tubercle lateralisation are reliable and distinguish between subjects with and without major patellar instability
    (2024) Irarrázaval Domínguez, Sebastián; Besa Vial, Pablo José; Fernández, Tomás; Fernandez Schlein, Francisco Andrés; Aguirre Donoso, Rodrigo; Tuca De Diego, María Jesús; Lira Salas, María Jesús; Orrego Luzoro, Mario Santiago
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    Validación de medidas de resultados informados por los pacientes en ortopedia y traumatología
    (2022) Vidal Olate, Catalina Victoria; Lira Salas, María Jesús; Besa, Pablo; Carmona, Maximiliano; Irarrazaval Dominguez, Sebastian
    En los últimos años, ha habido un aumento en la aplicación de cuestionarios diseñados para la medición de resultados (o desenlaces) clínicos en la práctica médica. Para aplicar un cuestionario en una población distinta a la cual fue originalmente creado y diseñado, es necesario llevar a cabo un proceso riguroso de adaptación, con una determinada metodología. El objetivo de esta guía metodológica es describir el proceso de traducción, adaptación transcultural y validación de medidas de resultados informados por los pacientes (MRIPs) en Ortopedia y Traumatología.