Browsing by Author "Lansingh, Van Charles"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Estimating mortality and disability in Peru before the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of the Disease Study 2019
    (2023) Ríos-Blancas, María Jesus; Pando-Robles, Victoria; Razo, Christian; Carcamo, César P.; Mendoza, Walter; Pacheco-Barríos, Kevin; Miranda, J. Jaime; Lansingh, Van Charles; Demie, Takele Gezahegn; Saha, Manika; Okonji, Osaretin Christabel; Yigit, Arzu; Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero; Chacón-Uscamaita, Pamela R.; Bernabe, Eduardo; Culquichicon, Carlos; Chirinos-Caceres, Jesus Lorenzo; Cárdenas, Rosario; Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth; Barrera, Francisco J.; Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina; Shorofi, Seyed Afshin; Nuwan, Darshana Wickramasinghe; Nuno, Ferreira; Louay, Almidani; Vivek, Kumar Gupta; Hanie, Karimi; Alayu, Daniel Shewaye; Benziger, Catherine P.; Takeshi, Fukumoto; Ebrahim, Mostafavi; Elrashdy, Moustafa Mohamed Redwan; Mesfin, Gebrehiwot; Khaled, Khatab; Ai, Koyanagi; Krapp, Fiorella; Lee, Seung; Noori, Maryam; Qattea. Ibrahim; Rosenthal, Victor Daniel; Sakshaug, Joseph W.; Wagaye, Birhanu; Iman, Zare; Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V.; Murillo-Zamora, Efrén; Vervoort, Dominique; Santos Silva, Diego Augusto; Abderrahim, Oulhaj; Herrera-Serna, Brenda Yuliana; Mehra, Rahul; Mehrdad, Amir-Behghadami; Nasrin, Adib; Cortés Arancibia, Sandra; Anh, Kim Dang; Binh, Thanh Nguyen; Ali, H. Mokdad; Hay, Simon I.; Murray, Christopher J. L.; Lozano, Rafael; García, Patricia J.; CEDEUS (Chile)
    Background Estimating and analyzing trends and patterns of health loss are essential to promote efficient resource allocation and improve Peru’s healthcare system performance.MethodsUsing estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD), Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (2019), we assessed mortality and disability in Peru from 1990 to 2019. We report demographic and epidemiologic trends in terms of population, life expectancy at birth (LE), mortality, incidence, prevalence, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) caused by the major diseases and risk factors in Peru. Finally, we compared Peru with 16 countries in the Latin American (LA) region.ResultsThe Peruvian population reached 33.9 million inhabitants (49.9% women) in 2019. From 1990 to 2019, LE at birth increased from 69.2 (95% uncertainty interval 67.8–70.3) to 80.3 (77.2–83.2) years. This increase was driven by the decline in under-5 mortality (−80.7%) and mortality from infectious diseases in older age groups (+60 years old). The number of DALYs in 1990 was 9.2 million (8.5–10.1) and reached 7.5 million (6.1–9.0) in 2019. The proportion of DALYs due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) increased from 38.2% in 1990 to 67.9% in 2019. The all-ages and age-standardized DALYs rates and YLLs rates decreased, but YLDs rates remained constant. In 2019, the leading causes of DALYs were neonatal disorders, lower respiratory infections (LRIs), ischemic heart disease, road injuries, and low back pain. The leading risk factors associated with DALYs in 2019 were undernutrition, high body mass index, high fasting plasma glucose, and air pollution. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, Peru experienced one of the highest LRIs-DALYs rates in the LA region.ConclusionIn the last three decades, Peru experienced significant improvements in LE and child survival and an increase in the burden of NCDs and associated disability. The Peruvian healthcare system must be redesigned to respond to this epidemiological transition. The new design should aim to reduce premature deaths and maintain healthy longevity, focusing on effective coverage and treatment of NCDs and reducing and managing the related disability.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 2020) Abbafati, Cristiana; Abbas, Kaja M.; Abbasi, Mohammad; Abbasifard, Mitra; Abbasi Kangevari, Mohsen; Abbastabar, Hedayat; Abd Allah, Foad; Abdelalim, Ahmed; Abdollahi, Mohammad; Abdollahpour, Ibrahim; Abedi, Aidin; Abedi, Parisa; Abegaz, Kedir Hussein; Abolhassani, Hassan; Abosetugn, Akine Eshete; Aboyans, Victor; Abrams, Elissa M.; Abreu, Lucas Guimaraes; Abrigo, Michael R. M.; Abu Haimed, Abdulaziz Khalid; Abualhasan, Ahmed; Abu Gharbieh, Eman; Abu Raddad, Laith Jamal; Abushouk, Abdelrahman I.; Acebedo, Alyssa; Ackerman, Ilana N.; Adabi, Maryam; Adair, Tim; Adamu, Abdu A.; Adebayo, Oladimeji M.; Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi; Adekanmbi, Victor; Adelson, Jaimie D.; Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood; Adetokunboh, Olatunji O.; Adham, Davoud; Advani, Shailesh M.; Afarideh, Mohsen; Afshari, Mahdi; Afshin, Ashkan; Agardh, Emilie E.; Agarwal, Gina; Agasthi, Pradyumna; Agesa, Kareha M.; Aghaali, Mohammad; Aghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem; Agrawal, Anurag; Ahmad, Tauseef; Ahmadi, Alireza; Ahmadi, Keivan; Ahmadi, Mehdi; Ahmadieh, Hamid; Ahmadpour, Ehsan; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir; Aji, Budi; Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie; Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola; Akinyemiju, Tomi; Akombi, Blessing; Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet; Alahdab, Fares; Al Aly, Ziyad; Alam, Khurshid; Alam, Noore; Alam, Samiah; Alam, Tahiya; Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour; Alanzi, Turki M.; Albertson, Samuel B.; Alcalde Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth; Alema, Niguse Meles; Alemu, Biresaw Wassihun; Alemu, Yihun Mulugeta; Alhabib, Khalid F.; Alhassan, Robert Kaba; Ali, Muhammad; Ali, Saqib; Alicandro, Gianfranco; Alijanzadeh, Mehran; Alinia, Cyrus; Alipour, Vahid; Alizade, Hesam; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed; Alla, Francois; Allebeck, Peter; Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad; Almasi, Ali; Almasi Hashiani, Amir; Almasri, Nihad A.; Al Mekhlafi, Hesham M.; Almulhim, Abdulaziz M.; Alonso, Jordi; Al Raddadi, Rajaa M.; Altirkawi, Khalid A.; Alumran, Arwa Khalid; Alvis Guzman, Nelson; Alvis Zakzuk, Nelson J.; Amare, Azmeraw T.; Amare, Bekalu; Amini, Saeed; Amini Rarani, Mostafa; Aminorroaya, Arya; Amiri, Fatemeh; Amit, Arianna Maever L.; Amugsi, Dickson A.; Amul, Gianna Gayle Herrera; Anbesu, Etsay Woldu; Ancuceanu, Robert; Anderlini, Deanna; Anderson, Jason A.; Andrei, Catalina Liliana; Andrei, Tudorel; Androudi, Sofia; Angus, Colin; Anjomshoa, Mina; Ansari, Fereshteh; Ansari, Iman; Ansari Moghaddam, Alireza; Antonazzo, Ippazio Cosimo; Antonio, Carl Abelardo T.; Antony, Catherine M.; Antriyandarti, Ernoiz; Anvari, Davood; Anwer, Razique; Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw; Arabloo, Jalal; Arab Zozani, Morteza; Aravkin, Aleksandr Y.; Arba, Aseb Arba Kinfe; Aremu, Olatunde; Ariani, Filippo; Aripov, Timur; Armoon, Bahram; Arnlov, Johan; Arowosegbe, Oluwaseyi Olalekan; Aryal, Krishna K.; Arzani, Afsaneh; Asaad, Malke; Asadi Aliabadi, Mehran; Asadi Pooya, Ali A.; Asgari, Samaneh; Asghari, Babak; Jafarabadi, Mohammad Asghari; Ashbaugh, Charlie; Assmus, Michael; Atafar, Zahra; Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin; Atnafu, Desta Debalkie; Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi; Atre, Sachin R.; Atteraya, Madhu Sudhan; Ausloos, Floriane; Ausloos, Marcel; Avila Burgos, Leticia; Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel Gbenato Arthur; Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala; Ayano, Getinet; Ayanore, Martin Amogre; Aynalem, Getie Lake; Aynalem, Yared Asmare; Ayza, Muluken Altaye; Azari, Samad; Azarian, Ghasem; Azene, Zelalem Nigussie; Azhar, Gulrez; Azzopardi, Peter S.; Darshan, B. B.; Babaee, Ebrahim; Badawi, Alaa; Badiye, Ashish D.; Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba; Bagli, Eleni; Bahrami, Mohammad Amin; Baig, Atif Amin; Bairwa, Mohan; Bakhshaei, Mohammad Hossein; Bakhtiari, Ahad; Bakkannavar, Shankar M.; Balachandran, Arun; Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar; Balalla, Shivanthi; Balassyano, Shelly; Baldasseroni, Alberto; Ball, Kylie; Ballew, Shoshana H.; Balzi, Daniela; Banach, Maciej; Banerjee, Srikanta K.; Banik, Palash Chandra; Bannick, Marlena S.; Bante, Agegnehu Bante; Bante, Simachew Animen; Baraki, Adhanom Gebreegziabher; Barboza, Miguel A.; Barker Collo, Suzanne Lyn; Barnighausen, Till Winfried; Barrero, Lope H.; Barthelemy, Celine M.; Barua, Lingkan; Barzegar, Akbar; Basaleem, Huda; Bassat, Quique; Basu, Sanjay; Baune, Bernhard T.; Bayati, Mohsen; Baye, Bayisa Abdissa; Bazmandegan, Gholamreza; Becker, Jacob S.; Bedi, Neeraj; Beghi, Ettore; Behzadifar, Masoud; Bejot, Yannick; Bekuma, Tariku Tesfaye Tesfaye; Bell, Michelle L.; Bello, Aminu K.; Bender, Rose G.; Bennett, Derrick A.; Bennitt, Fiona B.; Bensenor, Isabela M.; Benziger, Catherine P.; Berhe, Kidanemaryam; Berman, Adam E.; Bernabe, Eduardo; Bernstein, Robert S.; Bertolacci, Gregory J.; Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth; Bhageerathy, Reshmi; Bhala, Neeraj; Bhandari, Dinesh; Bhardwaj, Pankaj; Bhat, Anusha Ganapati; Bhattacharyya, Krittika; Bhattarai, Suraj; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Bibi, Sadia; Biehl, Molly H.; Bijani, Ali; Bikbov, Boris; Bilano, Ver; Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat; Biondi, Antonio; Birihane, Binyam Minuye; Bisanzio, Donal; Bisignano, Catherine; Biswas, Raaj Kishore; Bitew, Helen; Bjorge, Tone; Bockarie, Moses John; Bohlouli, Somayeh; Bohluli, Mehdi; Bojia, Hunduma Amensisa; Bolla, Srinivasa Rao; Boloor, Archith; Boon Dooley, Alexandra S.; Borges, Guilherme; Borzi, Antonio Maria; Borzouei, Shiva; Bose, Dipan; Bosetti, Cristina; Boufous, Soufiane; Bourne, Rupert; Brady, Oliver J.; Braithwaite, Dejana; Brauer, Michael; Brayne, Carol; Breitborde, Nicholas J. K.; Breitner, Susanne; Brenner, Hermann; Breusov, Alexey V.; Briant, Paul Svitil; Briggs, Andrew M.; Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich; Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich; Britton, Gabrielle B.; Brugha, Traolach; Bryazka, Dana; Buchbinder, Rachelle; Bumgarner, Blair R.; Burkart, Katrin; Burnett, Richard Thomas; Nagaraja, Sharath Burugina; Busse, Reinhard; Butt, Zahid A.; Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano; Cahill, Leah E.; Cahuana Hurtado, Lucero; Cai, Tianji; Callender, Charlton S. K. H.; Camera, Luis Alberto; Campos Nonato, Ismael R.; Rincon, Julio Cesar Campuzano; Cao, Jackie; Car, Josip; Cardenas, Rosario; Carreras, Giulia; Carrero, Juan J.; Carvalho, Felix; Castaldelli Maia, Joao Mauricio; Castaneda Orjuela, Carlos A.; Castelpietra, Giulio; Castle, Chris D.; Castro, Emma; Castro, Franz; Catala Lopez, Ferran; Causey, Kate; Cederroth, Christopher R.; Cercy, Kelly M.; Cerin, Ester; Chalek, Julian; Chandan, Joht Singh; Chang, Alex R.; Chang, Angela Y.; Chang, Jung Chen; Chang, Kai Lan; Charan, Jaykaran; Charlson, Fiona J.; Chattu, Vijay Kumar; Chaturvedi, Sarika; Cherbuin, Nicolas; Chimed Ochir, Odgerel; Chin, Ken Lee; Chirinos Caceres, Jesus Lorenzo; Cho, Daniel Youngwhan; Choi, Jee Young Jasmine; Christensen, Hanne; Chu, Dinh Toi; Chung, Michael T.; Chung, Sheng Chia; Cicuttini, Flavia M.; Ciobanu, Liliana G.; Cirillo, Massimo; Cislaghi, Beniamino; Classen, Thomas Khaled Dwayne; Cohen, Aaron J.; Collins, Emma L.; Comfort, Haley; Compton, Kelly; Conti, Sara; Cooper, Owen R.; Corso, Barbara; Cortesi, Paolo Angelo; Costa, Vera Marisa; Cousin, Ewerton; Cowden, Richard G.; Cowie, Benjamin C.; Cromwell, Elizabeth A.; Croneberger, Andrew J.; Cross, Di H.; Cross, Marita; Crowe, Christopher Stephen; Cruz, Jessica A.; Cummins, Steven; Cunningham, Matthew; Dahlawi, Saad M. A.; Dai, Haijiang; Dai, Hancheng; Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura; Damiani, Giovanni; D'Amico, Emanuele; Dandona, Lalit; Dandona, Rakhi; Daneshpajouhnejad, Parnaz; Dangel, William James; Danielsson, Anna Karin; Gela, Jiregna Darega; Dargan, Paul I.; Darwesh, Aso Mohammad; Daryani, Ahmad; Das, Jai K.; Das Gupta, Rajat; Das Neves, Jose; Dash, Aditya Prasad; Davey, Gail; Davila Cervantes, Claudio Alberto; Davis, Adrian C.; Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil; Davletov, Kairat; De Leo, Diego; De Neve, Jan Walter; Dean, Frances E.; DeCleene, Nicole K.; Deen, Amanda; Degenhardt, Louisa; DeLang, Marissa; Dellavalle, Robert Paul; Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen; Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam; Demsie, Desalegn Getnet; Denova Gutierrez, Edgar; Dereje, Nebiyu Dereje; Deribe, Kebede; Dervenis, Nikolaos; Desai, Rupak; Desalew, Assefa; Dessie, Getenet Ayalew; Deuba, Keshab; Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda; Dhungana, Govinda Prasad; Dianatinasab, Mostafa; da Silva, Diana Dias; Diaz, Daniel; Forooshani, Zahra Sadat Dibaji; Dichgans, Martin; Didarloo, Alireza; Dingels, Zachary V.; Dippenaar, Ilse N.; Dirac, M. Ashworth; Djalalinia, Shirin; Do, Hoa Thi; Dokova, Klara; Doku, David Teye; Dolecek, Christiane; Dolgert, Andrew J.; Dorostkar, Fariba; Doshi, Chirag P.; Doshi, Pratik P.; Doshmangir, Leila; Douiri, Abdel; Doxey, Matthew C.; Doyle, Kerrie E.; Driscoll, Tim Robert; Dubljanin, Eleonora; Dunachie, Susanna J.; Duncan, Bruce B.; Duraes, Andre Rodrigues; Eagan, Arielle Wilder; Ebrahimi, Hedyeh; Kalan, Mohammad Ebrahimi; Edvardsson, David; Effiong, Andem; Ehrlich, Joshua R.; El Nahas, Nevine; El Sayed, Iman; Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed; El Tantawi, Maha; Elbarazi, Iffat; Elgendy, Islam Y.; Elhabashy, Hala Rashad; El Jaafary, Shaimaa I.; Elsharkawy, Aisha; Elyazar, Iqbal R. F.; Emamian, Mohammad Hassan; Emmons Bell, Sophia; Erskine, Holly E.; Eshrati, Babak; Eskandari, Khalil; Eskandarieh, Sharareh; Esmaeilnejad, Saman; Esmaeilzadeh, Firooz; Esteghamati, Alireza; Esteghamati, Sadaf; Estep, Kara; Etemadi, Arash; Etisso, Atkilt Esaiyas; Ezekannagha, Oluchi; Fanzo, Jessica; Farag, Tamer; Farahmand, Mohammad; Faraj, Anwar; Faraon, Emerito Jose A.; Fareed, Mohammad; Faridnia, Roghiyeh; Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sa; Farioli, Andrea; Faris, Pawan Sirwan; Faro, Andre; Faruque, Mithila; Farzadfar, Farshad; Fattahi, Nazir; Fazaeli, Ali Akbar; Fazlzadeh, Mehdi; Feigin, Valery L.; Feldman, Rachel; Fereshtehnejad, Seyed Mohammad; Fernandes, Eduarda; Ferrara, Giannina; Ferrara, Pietro; Ferrari, Alize J.; Ferreira, Manuela L.; Feyissa, Garumma Tolu; Filip, Irina; Fischer, Florian; Fisher, James L.; Fitzgerald, Ryan; Flohr, Carsten; Flor, Luisa Sorio; Foigt, Nataliya A.; Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin; Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich; Force, Lisa M.; Fornari, Carla; Foroutan, Masoud; Fox, Jack T.; Francis, Joel Msafiri; Frank, Tahvi D.; Franklin, Richard Charles; Freitas, Marisa; Fu, Weijia; Fukumoto, Takeshi; Fukutaki, Kai; Fuller, John E.; Fullman, Nancy; Furtado, Joao M.; Gad, Mohamed M.; Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji; Gakidou, Emmanuela; Galles, Natalie C.; Gallus, Silvano; Gamkrelidze, Amiran; Garcia Basteiro, Alberto L.; Gardner, William M.; Geberemariyam, Biniyam Sahiledengle; Gebrehiwot, Abiyu Mekonnen; Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork; Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn; Gebremeskel, Leake G.; Gebresillassie, Begashaw Melaku; Gebreslassie, Assefa Ayalew Ayalew Ayalew; Geramo, Yilma Chisha Dea; Geremew, Abraham; Hayoon, Anna Gershberg; Gesesew, Hailay Abrha; Gething, Peter W.; Gezae, Kebede Embaye; Ghadimi, Maryam; Ghadiri, Keyghobad; Ghaffarifar, Fatemeh; Ghafourifard, Mansour; Ghajar, Alireza; Ghamari, Farhad; Ghashghaee, Ahmad; Ghiasvand, Hesam; Ghith, Nermin; Gholamian, Asadollah; Ghosh, Rakesh; Giampaoli, Simona; Gilani, Syed Amir; Gill, Paramjit Singh; Gill, Tiffany K.; Gillum, Richard F.; Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed; Ginindza, Themba G.; Gitimoghaddam, Mojgan; Giussani, Giorgia; Glagn, Mustefa; Glushkova, Ekaterina Vladimirovna; Gnedovskaya, Elena V.; Godinho, Myron Anthony; Goharinezhad, Salime; Golechha, Mahaveer; Goli, Srinivas; Gomez, Ricardo Santiago; Gona, Philimon N.; Gopalani, Sameer Vali; Goren, Emily; Gorini, Giuseppe; Gorman, Taren M.; Gottlich, Harrison Chase; Goudarzi, Houman; Goudarzian, Amir Hossein; Goulart, Alessandra C.; Goulart, Barbara Niegia Garcia; Grada, Ayman; Greaves, Felix; Grivna, Michal; Grosso, Giuseppe; Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen; Gudi, Nachiket; Gugnani, Harish Chander; Guimaraes, Andre Luiz Sena; Guimaraes, Rafael Alves; Guled, Rashid Abdi; Gultie, Teklemariam; Guo, Gaorui; Guo, Yuming; Gupta, Rahul; Gupta, Rajeev; Sharan, Subodh; Gupta, Tarun; Haagsma, Juanita A.; Hachinski, Vladimir; Haddock, Beatrix; Hafezi Nejad, Nima; Hafiz, Abdul; Hagins, Hailey; Haile, Lydia M.; Haile, Teklehaimanot Gereziher; Haj Mirzaian, Arvin; Haj Mirzaian, Arya; Hall, Brian J.; Halvaei, Iman; Hamadeh, Randah R.; Abdullah, Kanaan Hamagharib; Hameed, Sajid; Hamidi, Samer; Hamilton, Erin B.; Hammer, Melanie S.; Han, Chieh; Han, Hannah; Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes; Hanif, Asif; Hankey, Graeme J.; Haririan, Hamidreza; Haro, Josep Maria; Harvey, James D.; Hasaballah, Ahmed I.; Hasan, Md Mehedi; Hasanpoor, Edris; Hasanzadeh, Amir; Hashemian, Maryam; Hashi, Abdiwahab; Hassan, Amr; Hassan, Shoaib; Hassanipour, Soheil; Hassankhani, Hadi; Havmoeller, Rasmus J.; Hay, Roderick J.; Hay, Simon I.; Hayat, Khezar; Heibati, Behzad; Heidari, Behnam; Heidari, Golnaz; Heidari Soureshjani, Reza; Hendrie, Delia; Henny, Kiana; Henok, Andualem; Henrikson, Hannah J.; Henry, Nathaniel J.; Herbert, Molly E.; Herteliu, Claudiu; Heydarpour, Fatemeh; Hird, Thomas R.; Ho, Hung Chak; Hoek, Hans W.; Hole, Michael K.; Holla, Ramesh; Hollingsworth, Bruce; Hoogar, Praveen; Hopf, Kathleen Pillsbury; Horita, Nobuyuki; Hosgood, H. Dean; Hossain, Naznin; Hosseini, Mostafa; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi; Hostiuc, Mihaela; Hostiuc, Sorin; Househ, Mowafa; Hoy, Damian G.; Hsairi, Mohamed; Hsiao, Thomas; Hsieh, Vivian Chia Rong; Hu, Guoqing; Hu, Kejia; Huda, Tanvir M.; Hugo, Fernando N.; Humayun, Ayesha; Hussain, Rabia; Huynh, Chantal K.; Hwang, Bing Fang; Iannucci, Vincent C.; Iavicoli, Ivo; Ibeneme, Charles Ugochukwu; Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel; Ikeda, Nayu; Ikuta, Kevin S.; Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen; Ilic, Irena M.; Ilic, Milena D.; Imani Nasab, Mohammad Hasan; Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja; Ippolito, Helen; Iqbal, Usman; Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi; Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter; Islam, M. Mofizul; Islam, MdMohaimenul; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Islami, Farhad; Iso, Hiroyasu; Ivers, Rebecca Q.; Iwu, Chidozie C. D.; Iwu, Chinwe Juliana; Iyamu, Ihoghosa Osamuyi; Jaafari, Jalil; Jacobsen, Kathryn H.; Jadidi Niaragh, Farhad; Jafari, Hussain; Jafarinia, Morteza; Jahagirdar, Deepa; Jahani, Mohammad Ali; Jahanmehr, Nader; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo; Jalali, Amir; Jalilian, Farzad; James, Spencer L.; Janjani, Hosna; Janodia, Manthan Dilipkumar; Javaheri, Tahereh; Javidnia, Javad; Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra; Jeemon, Panniyammakal; Jenabi, Ensiyeh; Jha, Ravi Prakash; Jha, Vivekanand; Ji, John S.; Jia, Peng; Johansson, Lars; John, Oommen; John Akinola, Yetunde O.; Johnson, Catherine Owens; Johnson, Sarah Charlotte; Jonas, Jost B.; Joo, Tamas; Joshi, Ankur; Joukar, Farahnaz; Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy; Jurisson, Mikk; Kabir, Ali; Kabir, Zubair; Kalani, Hamed; Kalani, Rizwan; Kalankesh, Leila R.; Kalhor, Rohollah; Kamath, Aruna M.; Kamiab, Zahra; Kanchan, Tanuj; Kapoor, Neeti; Matin, Behzad Karami; Karanikolos, Marina; Karch, Andre; Karim, Mohd Anisul; Karimi, Salah Eddin; Karimi, Seyed Asaad; Karimi, Seyed M.; Kasa, Ayele Semachew; Kassa, Getachew Mullu; Kassebaum, Nicholas J.; Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal; Kawakami, Norito; Kayode, Gbenga A.; Karyani, Ali Kazemi; Keddie, Suzanne H.; Keiyoro, Peter Njenga; Keller, Cathleen; Kemmer, Laura; Kendrick, Parkes J.; Kereselidze, Maia; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif; Khalid, Nauman; Khammarnia, Mohammad; Khan, Ejaz Ahmad; Khan, Gulfaraz; Khan, Maseer; Khang, Young Ho; Khatab, Khaled; Khater, Amir M.; Khater, Mona M.; Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli; Khayamzadeh, Maryam; Khazaei, Salman; Khazaie, Habibolah; Khodayari, Mohammad Taghi; Khoja, Abdullah T.; Khubchandani, Jagdish; Khundkar, Roba; Kianipour, Neda; Kieling, Christian; Kim, Cho Il; Kim, Daniel; Kim, Young Eun; Kim, Yun Jin; Kimokoti, Ruth W.; Kinfu, Yohannes; Kisa, Adnan; Kisa, Sezer; Kissimova Skarbek, Katarzyna; Kissoon, Niranjan; Kivimaki, Mika; Kneib, Cameron J.; Knibbs, Luke D.; Knight, Megan; Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo; Kocarnik, Jonathan M.; Kochhar, Sonali; Koh, David S. Q.; Kohler, Stefan; Kolola, Tufa; Komaki, Hamidreza; Kopec, Jacek A.; Korotkova, Anna V.; Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich; Kosen, Soewarta; Kotlo, Anirudh; Koul, Parvaiz A.; Koyanagi, Ai; Kraemer, Moritz U. G.; Kravchenko, Michael A.; Krishan, Kewal; Krohn, Kris J.; Kromhout, Hans; Shaji, K. S.; Defo, Barthelemy Kuate; Bicer, Burcu Kucuk; Kugbey, Nuworza; Kulkarni, Vaman; Kumar, G. Anil; Kumar, Manasi; Kumar, Nithin; Kumar, Pushpendra; Kumar, Vivek; Kumaresh, Girikumar; Kurmi, Om P.; Kusuma, Dian; Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe; La Vecchia, Carlo; Ben Lacey; Lal, Dharmesh Kumar; Lalloo, Ratilal; Lallukka, Tea; Lam, Jennifer O.; Lami, Faris Hasan; Lan, Qing; Landires, Ivan; Lang, Justin J.; Langan, Sinead M.; Lansingh, Van Charles; Lansky, Sonia; Larson, Heidi Jane; Larson, Samantha Leigh; Larsson, Anders O.; Lasrado, Savita; Lassi, Zohra S.; Lau, Kathryn Mei Ming; Lauriola, Paolo; Lavados, Pablo M.; Lazarus, Jeffrey V.; Leal, Lisiane F.; Leasher, Janet L.; Ledesma, Jorge R.; Lee, Paul H.; Lee, Shaun Wen Huey; Leever, Andrew T.; LeGrand, Kate E.; Leigh, James; Leonardi, Matilde; Lescinsky, Haley; Leung, Janni; Levi, Miriam; Lewington, Sarah; Li, Bingyu; Li, Shanshan; Lim, Lee Ling; Lin, Christine; Lin, Ro Ting; Linehan, Christine; Linn, Shai; Listl, Stefan; Liu, Hung Chun; Liu, Shiwei; Liu, Simin; Liu, Xuefeng; Liu, Yang; Liu, Zichen; Lo, Justin; Lodha, Rakesh; Logroscino, Giancarlo; Looker, Katharine J.; Lopez, Alan D.; Lopez, Jaifred Christian F.; Lopukhov, Platon D.; Lorkowski, Stefan; Lotufo, Paulo A.; Lozano, Rafael; Lu, Alton; Lucas, Tim C. D.; Lugo, Alessandra; Lunevicius, Raimundas; Lyons, Ronan A.; Ma, Jianing; Machado, Daiane Borges; MacLachlan, Jennifer H.; Madadin, Mohammed; Maddison, Emilie R.; Maddison, Ralph; Madotto, Fabiana; Abd El Razek, Hassan Magdy; Abd El Razek, Muhammed Magdy; Mahasha, Phetole Walter; Mahdavi, Mokhtar Mahdavi; Mahmoudi, Morteza; Mai, Hue Thi; Majeed, Azeem; Malagon Rojas, Jeadran N.; Maled, Venkatesh; Maleki, Afshin; Maleki, Shokofeh; Malekzadeh, Reza; Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Mamun, Abdullah A.; Manafi, Amir; Manafi, Navid; Manda, Ana Laura; Manguerra, Helena; Mansour Ghanaei, Fariborz; Mansouri, Borhan; Mansournia, Mohammad Ali; Herrera, Ana M. Mantilla; Mapoma, Chabila Christopher; Maravilla, Joemer C.; Marks, Ashley; Martin, Randall V.; Martini, Santi; Martins Melo, Francisco Rogerlandio; Martopullo, Ira; Masaka, Anthony; Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra; Massano, Joao; Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard; Mastrogiacomo, Claudia I.; Mathur, Manu Raj; Matsushita, Kunihiro; Maulik, Pallab K.; May, Erin A.; Mazidi, Mohsen; McAlinden, Colm; McGrath, John J.; Mckee, Martin; Medina Solis, Carlo Eduardo; Meharie, Birhanu Geta; Mehndiratta, Man Mohan; Nasab, Entezar Mehrabi; Mehri, Fereshteh; Mehrotra, Ravi; Mehta, Kala M.; Meitei, Wahengbam Bigyananda; Mekonnen, Teferi; Melese, Addisu; Memiah, Peter T. N.; Memish, Ziad A.; Mendoza, Walter; Menezes, Ritesh G.; Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku; Mengesha, Meresa Berwo; Mensah, George A.; Mereke, Alibek; Mereta, Seid Tiku; Meretoja, Atte; Meretoja, Tuomo J.; Mestrovic, Tomislav; Miazgowski, Bartosz; Miazgowski, Tomasz; Michalek, Irmina Maria; Mihretie, Kebadnew Mulatu; Miller, Ted R.; Mills, Edward J.; Milne, George J.; Mini, G. K.; Miri, Mohammad; Mirica, Andreea; Mirrakhimov, Erkin M.; Mirzaei, Hamed; Mirzaei, Maryam; Mirzaei, Roya; Mirzaei Alavijeh, Mehdi; Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen; Mitchell, Philip B.; Mithra, Prasanna; Moazen, Babak; Moghadaszadeh, Masoud; Mohajer, Bahram; Mohamad, Osama; Mohamadi, Efat; Mohammad, Dara K.; Mohammad, Yousef; Mezerji, Naser Mohammad Gholi; Mohammadbeigi, Abolfazl; Mohammadian Hafshejani, Abdollah; Mohammadifard, Noushin; Mohammadpourhodki, Reza; Mohammed, Ammas Siraj; Mohammed, Hussen; Mohammed, Jemal Abdu; Mohammed, Shafiu; Mohebi, Farnam; Bandpei, Mohammad A. Mohseni; Mokari, Amin; Mokdad, Ali H.; Molokhia, Mariam; Momen, Natalie C.; Monasta, Lorenzo; Mondello, Stefania; Mooney, Meghan D.; Moosazadeh, Mahmood; Moradi, Ghobad; Moradi, Masoud; Moradi Joo, Mohammad; Moradi Lakeh, Maziar; Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah; Moraga, Paula; Morales, Linda; Morawska, Lidia; Velasquez, Ilais Moreno; Morgado da Costa, Joana; Morrison, Shane Douglas; Mosapour, Abbas; Mosser, Jonathan F.; Mouodi, Simin; Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam; Khaneghah, Amin Mousavi; Mueller, Ulrich Otto; Mukhopadhyay, Satinath; Mullany, Erin C.; Mumford, John Everett; Munro, Sandra B.; Muriithi, Moses K.; Musa, Kamarul Imran; Mustafa, Ghulam; Muthupandian, Saravanan; Nabavizadeh, Behnam; Nabhan, Ashraf F.; Naderi, Mehdi; Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman; Nagel, Gabriele; Naghavi, Mohsen; Naghshtabrizi, Behshad; Naik, Gurudatta; Naimzada, Mukhammad David; Nair, Sanjeev; Najafi, Farid; Naldi, Luigi; Nandakumar, Vishnu; Nandi, Anita K.; Nangia, Vinay; Nansseu, Jobert Richie; Naserbakht, Morteza; Nayak, Vinod C.; Nazari, Javad; Ndejjo, Rawlance; Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith; Negoi, Ionut; Negoi, Ruxandra Irina; Netsere, Henok Biresaw; Neupane, Subas; Ngari, Kiirithio N.; Nguefack Tsague, Georges; Ngunjiri, Josephine W.; Nguyen, Cuong Tat; Nguyen, Diep Ngoc; Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi; Nguyen, Jason; Nguyen, Michele; Nguyen, Ming; Nguyen, Trang Huyen; Nichols, Emma; Nigatu, Dabere; Nigatu, Yeshambel T.; Nikbakhsh, Rajan; Nikpoor, Amin Reza; Nixon, Molly R.; Nnaji, Chukwudi A.; Nomura, Shuhei; Norheim, Ole F.; Norrving, Bo; Noubiap, Jean Jacques; Motlagh, Soraya Nouraei; Nowak, Christoph; Nsoesie, Elaine Okanyene; Nunez Samudio, Virginia; Oancea, Bogdan; Odell, Christopher M.; Ogbo, Felix Akpojene; Oghenetega, Onome Bright; Oh, In Hwan; Okunga, Emmanuel Wandera; Oladnabi, Morteza; Olagunju, Andrew T.; Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola; Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun; Oluwasanu, Mojisola Morenike; Bali, Ahmed Omar; Omer, Muktar Omer; Ong, Kanyin L.; Ong, Sokking; Onwujekwe, Obinna E.; Oren, Eyal; Orji, Aislyn U.; Orpana, Heather M.; Ortega Altamirano, Doris V.; Ortiz, Alberto; Osarenotor, Osayomwanbo; Osei, Frank B.; Ostojic, Sergej M.; Ostroff, Samuel M.; Oiu, Adrian O.; Otstavnov, Nikita; Otstavnov, Stanislav S.; Overland, Simon; Owolabi, Mayowa O.; Section, Mahesh P. A.; Padubidri, Jagadish Rao; Pakhale, Smita; Pakhare, Abhijit P.; Pakshir, Keyvan; Palladino, Raffaele; Pana, Adrian; Panda Jonas, Songhomitra; Pandey, Anamika; Pangaribuan, Helena Ullyartha; Park, Eun Kee; Park, James; Parmar, Priya G. Kumari; Parry, Charles D. H.; Pasovic, Maja; Pasupula, Deepak Kumar; Patel, Jenil R.; Patel, Sangram Kishor; Paternina Caicedo, Angel J.; Pathak, Ashish; Pathak, Mona; Patten, Scott B.; Patton, George C.; Paudel, Deepak; Paudel, Sagun; Paulson, Katherine R.; Toroudi, Hamidreza Pazoki; Pease, Spencer A.; Peden, Amy E.; Pennini, Alyssa; Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino; Peprah, Emmanuel K.; Pereira, Alexandre; Pereira, David M.; Pereira, Jeevan; Perico, Norberto; Pescarini, Julia Moreira; Pesudovs, Konrad; Pham, Hai Quang; Phillips, Michael R.; Piccinelli, Cristiano; Pierce, Maxwell; Pigott, David M.; Pilgrim, Thomas; Pilz, Tessa M.; Pinheiro, Marina; Piradov, Michael A.; Pirsaheb, Meghdad; Pishgar, Farhad; Plana Ripoll, Oleguer; Plass, Dietrich; Pletcher, Martin; Pokhrel, Khem Narayan; Polibin, Roman V.; Polinder, Suzanne; Polkinghorne, Kevan R.; Pond, Constance Dimity; Postma, Maarten J.; Pottoo, Faheem Hyder; Pourjafar, Hadi; Pourmalek, Farshad; Kalhori, Reza Pourmirza; Pourshams, Akram; Poznanska, Anna; Prada, Sergio I.; Prakash, Sanjay; Prakash, V.; Prasad, Narayan; Preotescu, Liliana; Pribadi, Dimas Ria Angga; Pupillo, Elisabetta; Quazi Syed, Zahiruddin; Rabiee, Mohammad; Rabiee, Navid; Radfar, Amir; Rafiee, Ata; Rafiei, Alireza; Raggi, Alberto; Rahim, Fakher; Rahimi Movaghar, Afarin; Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur; Rahman, Muhammad Aziz; Rajabpour Sanati, Ali; Rajati, Fatemeh; Rakovac, Ivo; Ram, Pradhum; Ramezanzadeh, Kiana; Rana, Saleem Muhammad; Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal; Ranta, Annemarei; Rao, Puja C.; Rao, Sowmya J.; Rasella, Davide; Rashedi, Vahid; Rastogi, Prateek; Rath, Goura Kishor; Rathi, Priya; Rawaf, David Laith; Rawaf, Salman; Rawal, Lal; Rawassizadeh, Reza; Rawat, Ramu; Razo, Christian; Boston, Sofia; Regassa, Lemma Demissie; Reiner, Robert C., Jr.; Reinig, Nickolas; Reitsma, Marissa Bettay; Remuzzi, Giuseppe; Renjith, Vishnu; Renzaho, Andre M. N.; Resnikoff, Serge; Rezaei, Negar; Rezaei, Nima; Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh; Rezapour, Aziz; Rhinehart, Phoebe Anne; Riahi, Seyed Mohammad; Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P.; Ribeiro, Daniel Cury; Ribeiro, Daniela; Rickard, Jennifer; Rivera, Juan A.; Robalik, Toshana; Roberts, Nicholas L. S.; Roberts, Shaun; Robinson, Stephen R.; Rodriguez Ramirez, Sonia; Roever, Leonardo; Rolfe, Sam; Romoli, Michele; Ronfani, Luca; Room, Robin; Roshandel, Gholamreza; Rostamian, Morteza; Roth, Gregory A.; Rothenbacher, Dietrich; Rubagotti, Enrico; Rumisha, Susan Fred; Rwegerera, Godfrey M.; Saadatagah, Seyedmohammad; Sabour, Siamak; Sachdev, Perminder S.; Saddik, Basema; Sadeghi, Ehsan; Sadeghi, Masoumeh; Saeedi, Reza; Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi; Saeidi, Shahram; Safari, Yahya; Safi, Sare; Safiri, Saeid; Sagar, Rajesh; Sahebkar, Amirhossein; Sahraian, Mohammad Ali; Sajadi, S. Mohammad; Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza; Salam, Nasir; Salama, Joseph S.; Salamati, Payman; Zahabi, Saleh Salehi; Salem, Hosni; Salem, Marwa R.; Salimi, Yahya; Salimzadeh, Hamideh; Salman, Omar Mukhtar; Salomon, Joshua A.; Salz, Inbal; Samad, Zainab; Kafil, Hossein Samadi; Sambala, Evanson Zondani; Samy, Abdallah M.; Sanabria, Juan; Sanchez Pimienta, Tania G.; Santomauro, Damian Francesco; Santos, Itamar S.; Santos, Joao Vasco; Santric Milicevic, Milena M.; Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer; Sarmiento Suarez, Rodrigo; Sarrafzadegan, Nizal; Sartorius, Benn; Sarveazad, Arash; Sathian, Brijesh; Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu; Sattin, Davide; Savic, Miloje; Sawyer, Susan M.; Saxena, Deepak; Saxena, Sonia; Saylan, Mete; Sbarra, Alyssa N.; Schaeffer, Lauren E.; Schiavolin, Silvia; Schlaich, Markus P.; Schmidt, Maria Ines; Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth; Schwebel, David C.; Schwendicke, Falk; Seedat, Soraya; Sekerija, Mario; Senbeta, Anbissa Muleta; Senthilkumaran, Subramanian; Sepanlou, Sadaf G.; Serdar, Berrin; Serre, Marc L.; Servan Mori, Edson; Sha, Feng; Shabani, Mahsima; Shackelford, Katya Anne; Shadid, Jamileh; Shafaat, Omid; Shahabi, Saeed; Shahbaz, Mohammad; Shaheen, Amira A.; Shaikh, Masood Ali; Shalash, Ali S.; Shams Beyranvand, Mehran; Shamsi, MohammadBagher; Shamsizadeh, Morteza; Shannawaz, Mohammed; Sharafi, Kiomars; Sharafi, Zeinab; Sharara, Fablina; Sharifi, Hamid; Sharma, Rajesh; Shaw, David H.; Sheena, Brittney S.; Sheikh, Aziz; Sheikhtaheri, Abbas; Shetty, B. Suresh Kumar; Shetty, Ranjitha S.; Shibuya, Kenji; Shield, Kevin David; Shiferaw, Wondimeneh Shibabaw; Shigematsu, Mika; Il Shin, Jae; Shin, Min Jeong; Shiri, Rahman; Shirkoohi, Reza; Shivakumar, K. M.; Shrime, Mark G.; Shuval, Kerem; Siabani, Soraya; Sierpinski, Radoslaw; Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora; Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig; Silva, Diego Augusto Santos; Silva, Joao Pedro; Simonetti, Biagio; Simpson, Kyle E.; Singh, Ambrish; Singh, Jasvinder A.; Singh, Pushpendra; Sinha, Dhirendra Narain; Skiadaresi, Eirini; Skou, Soren T.; Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich; Sliwa, Karen; Smith, Amanda; Smith, Emma U. R.; Sobngwi, Eugene; Soheili, Amin; Sokhan, Anton; Soltani, Shahin; Somefun, Oluwaseyi Dolapo; Soofi, Moslem; Sorensen, Reed J. D.; Soriano, Joan B.; Sorrie, Muluken Bekele; Soshnikov, Sergey; Soyiri, Ireneous N.; Spencer, Cory N.; Spotin, Adel; Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth; Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T.; Srinivasan, Vinay; Sripada, Kam; Stanaway, Jeffrey D.; Stark, Benjamin A.; Steel, Nicholas; Stefan, Simona Catalina; Stein, Caroline; Stein, Dan J.; Steiner, Caitlyn; Steiner, Timothy J.; Steuben, Krista M.; Stockfelt, Leo; Stokes, Mark A.; Stovner, Lars Jacob; Straif, Kurt; Stranges, Saverio; Stubbs, Jacob L.; Suchdev, Parminder S.; Sudaryanto, Agus; Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale; Suleria, Hafiz Ansar Rasul; Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi; Sulo, Gerhard; Sultan, Iyad; Swope, Carolyn B.; Sykes, Bryan L.; Sylte, Dillon O.; Szocska, Miklos; Szumowski, Lukasz; Tabares Seisdedos, Rafael; Tabb, Karen M.; Tabuchi, Takahiro; Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar; Taddele, Biruk Wogayehu; Tadesse, Degena Bahrey; Taherkhani, Amir; Tahir, Zarfishan; Tajdini, Masih; Takahashi, Ken; Takala, Jukka S.; Tamiru, Animut Tagele; Tang, Muming; Tanser, Frank C.; Tareque, Md Ismail; Tarigan, Ingan Ukur; Taveira, Nuno; Taylor, Heather Jean; Teagle, Whitney L.; Teame, Hirut; Tediosi, Fabrizio; Tefera, Yonas Getaye; Tehrani Banihashemi, Arash; Teklehaimanot, Berhane Fseha; Tela, Freweini Gebrearegay; Temsah, Mohamad Hani; Terrason, Sonyah; Tesema, Getayeneh Antehunegn; Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse; Thakur, Bhaskar; Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman; Thapar, Rekha; Thomas, Nihal; Thomson, Azalea M.; Thrift, Amanda G.; Thurston, George D.; Titova, Mariya Vladimirovna; Tlou, Boikhutso; Tohidinik, Hamid Reza; Tonelli, Marcello; Topor Madry, Roman; Topouzis, Fotis; Torre, Anna E.; Touvier, Mathilde; Tovani Palone, Marcos Roberto; Traini, Eugenio; Tran, Bach Xuan; Travillian, Ravensara; Trias Llimos, Sergi; Troeger, Christopher E.; Truelsen, Thomas Clement; Tsai, Alexander C.; Tsatsakis, Aristidis; Car, Lorainne Tudor; Tyrovolas, Stefanos; Uddin, Riaz; Ullah, Irfan; Ullah, Saif; Umeokonkwo, Chukwuma David; Undurraga, Eduardo A.; Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran; Upadhyay, Era; Uthman, Olalekan A.; Vacante, Marco; Vaicekonyte, Regina; Vakilian, Alireza; Valdez, Pascual R.; Valli, Alessandro; Van Donkelaar, Aaron; Vardavas, Constantine; Varughese, Santosh; Vasankari, Tommi Juhani; Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogales; Vasseghian, Yasser; Veisani, Yousef; Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy; Vidale, Simone; Violante, Francesco S.; Vlassov, Vasily; Vollset, Stein Emil; Vongpradith, Avina; Vos, Theo; Vu, Giang Thu; Vujcic, Isidora S.; Vukovic, Ana; Vukovic, Rade; Hawariat, Feleke Gebremeskel W.; Waheed, Yasir; Wallin, Mitchell Taylor; Walters, Magdalene K.; Wamai, Richard G.; Wang, Fang; Wang, Haidong; Wang, Hongbo; Wang, Jiayu; Wang, Yafeng; Wang, Yanzhong; Wang, Yuan Pang; Ward, Joseph L.; Watson, Alexandrea; Watson, Stefanie; Wei, Jingkai; Wei, Melissa Y. Wei; Weintraub, Robert G.; Weiss, Daniel J.; Weiss, Jordan; Welay, Fissaha Tekulu; Weldesamuel, Girmay Teklay; Werdecker, Andrea; West, J. Jason; Westerman, Ronny; Whisnant, Joanna L.; Whiteford, Harvey A.; Wiangkham, Taweewat; Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana; Wiens, Kirsten E.; Wijeratne, Tissa; Wilner, Lauren B.; Wilson, Shadrach; Wiysonge, Charles Shey; Wojtyniak, Bogdan; Woldu, Gebremariam; Wolfe, Charles D. A.; Wondmeneh, Temesgen Gebeyehu; Wondmieneh, Adam Belay; Wool, Eve E.; Wozniak, Sarah S.; Wu, Ai Min; Wu, Chenkai; Wu, Junjie; Hanson, Sarah Wulf; Wunrow, Han Yong; Xie, Yang; Xu, Gelin; Xu, Rixing; Yadgir, Simon; Jabbari, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh; Yamada, Tomohide; Yamagishi, Kazumasa; Yaminfirooz, Mousa; Yano, Yuichiro; Yaya, Sanni; Yazdi Feyzabadi, Vahid; Yearwood, Jamal A.; Yeheyis, Tomas Y.; Yeshitila, Yordanos Gizachew; Yilgwan, Christopher Sabo; Yilma, Mekdes Tigistu; Yip, Paul; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Yoon, Seok Jun; Lebni, Javad Yoosefi; York, Hunter W.; Younis, Mustafa Z.; Younker, Theodore Patrick; Yousefi, Bahman; Yousefi, Zabihollah; Yousefifard, Mahmoud; Yousefinezhadi, Taraneh; Yousuf, Abdilahi Yousuf; Yu, Chuanhua; Yu, Yong; Yuan, Chun Wei; Yuce, Deniz; Yusefzadeh, Hasan; Zadey, Siddhesh; Moghadam, Telma Zahirian; Zaidi, Syed Saoud; Zaki, Leila; Zakzuk, Josefina; Bin Zaman, Sojib; Zamani, Mohammad; Zamanian, Maryam; Zandian, Hamed; Zangeneh, Alireza; Zarafshan, Hadi; Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich; Zewdie, Kaleab Alemayehu; Zhang, Jianrong; Zhang, Yunquan; Zhang, Zhi Jiang; Zhao, Jeff T.; Zhao, Xiu Ju George; Zhao, Yingxi; Zheleva, Bistra; Zheng, Peng; Zhou, Maigeng; Zhu, Cong; Ziapour, Arash; Zimsen, Stephanie R. M.; Zlavog, Bianca S.; Zodpey, Sanjay; Lim, Stephen S.; Murray, Christopher J. L.; Global Burden Dis 2019
    Background In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Tracking development assistance for health and for COVID-19: a review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2050
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 2021) Micah, Angela E.; Cogswell, Ian E.; Cunningham, Brandon; Ezoe, Satoshi; Harle, Anton C.; Maddison, Emilie R.; McCracken, Darrah; Nomura, Shuhei; Simpson, Kyle E.; Stutzman, Hayley N.; Tsakalos, Golsum; Wallace, Lindsey E.; Zhao, Yingxi; Zende, Rahul R.; Abbafati, Cristiana; Abdelmasseh, Michael; Abedi, Aidin; Abegaz, Kedir Hussein; Abhilash, E. S.; Abolhassani, Hassan; Abrigo, Michael R. M.; Adhikari, Tara Ballav; Afzal, Saira; Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku; Ahmadi, Sepideh; Ahmed, Haroon; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir; Rashid, Tarik Ahmed; Ajami, Marjan; Aji, Budi; Akalu, Yonas; Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet; Al Hamad, Hanadi; Alam, Khurshid; Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour; Alanzi, Turki M.; Alemayehu, Yosef; Alhassan, Robert Kaba; Alinia, Cyrus; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed; Almustanyir, Sami Almustanyir; Alvis Guzman, Nelson; Alvis Zakzuk, Nelson J.; Amini, Saeed; Amini Rarani, Mostafa; Amu, Hubert; Ancuceanu, Robert; Andrei, Catalina Liliana; Andrei, Tudorel; Angell, Blake; Anjomshoa, Mina; Antonio, Carl Abelardo T.; Antony, Catherine M.; Aqeel, Muhammad; Arabloo, Jalal; Arab Zozani, Morteza; Aripov, Timur; Arrigo, Alessandro; Ashraf, Tahira; Atnafu, Desta Debalkie; Ausloos, Marcel; Avila Burgos, Leticia; Awan, Asma Tahir; Ayano, Getinet; Ayanore, Martin Amogre; Azari, Samad; Azhar, Gulrez Shah; Babalola, Tesleem Kayode; Bahrami, Mohammad Amin; Baig, Atif Amin; Banach, Maciej; Barati, Nastaran; Barnighausen, Till Winfried; Barrow, Amadou; Basu, Sanjay; Baune, Bernhard T.; Bayati, Mohsen; Benzian, Habib; Berman, Adam E.; Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth; Bhardwaj, Nikha; Bhardwaj, Pankaj; Bhaskar, Sonu; Bibi, Sadia; Bijani, Ali; Bodolica, Virginia; Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi; Braithwaite, Dejana; Breitborde, Nicholas J. K.; Breusov, Alexey V.; Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich; Busse, Reinhard; Cahuana Hurtado, Lucero; Callander, Emily Joy; Camera, Luis Alberto; Castaneda Orjuela, Carlos A.; Catala Lopez, Ferran; Charan, Jaykaran; Chatterjee, Souranshu; Chattu, Soosanna Kumary; Chattu, Vijay Kumar; Chen, Simiao; Cicero, Arrigo Francesco Giuseppe; Dadras, Omid; Dahlawi, Saad M. A.; Dai, Xiaochen; Dalal, Koustuv; Dandona, Lalit; Dandona, Rakhi; Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil; De Neve, Jan Walter; de Sa Junior, Antonio Reis; Denova Gutierrez, Edgar; Dhamnetiya, Deepak; Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda; Doshmangir, Leila; Dube, John; Ehsani Chimeh, Elham; Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed; El Tantawi, Maha; Eskandarieh, Sharareh; Farzadfar, Farshad; Ferede, Tomas Y.; Fischer, Florian; Foigt, Nataliya A.; Freitas, Alberto; Friedman, Sara D.; Fukumoto, Takeshi; Fullman, Nancy; Gaal, Peter Andras; Gad, Mohamed M.; Garcia Gordillo, M. A.; Garg, Tushar; Ghafourifard, Mansour; Ghashghaee, Ahmad; Gholamian, Asadollah; Gholamrezanezhad, Ali; Ghozali, Ghozali; Gilani, Syed Amir; Glavan, Ionela Roxana; Glushkova, Ekaterina Vladimirovna; Goharinezhad, Salime; Golechha, Mahaveer; Goli, Srinivas; Guha, Avirup; Gupta, Veer Bala; Gupta, Vivek Kumar; Haakenstad, Annie; Haider, Mohammad Rifat; Hailu, Alemayehu; Hamidi, Samer; Hanif, Asif; Harapan, Harapan; Hartono, Risky Kusuma; Hasaballah, Ahmed I.; Hassan, Shoaib; Hassanein, Mohamed H.; Hayat, Khezar; Hegazy, Mohamed I.; Heidari, Golnaz; Hendrie, Delia; Heredia Pi, Ileana; Herteliu, Claudiu; Hezam, Kamal; Holla, Ramesh; Hossain, Sheikh Jamal; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi; Hostiuc, Sorin; Huda, Tanvir M.; Hwang, Bing Fang; Iavicoli, Ivo; Idrisov, Bulat; Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen; Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah; Isola, Gaetano; Jahani, Mohammad Ali; Jahanmehr, Nader; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo; Janodia, Manthan Dilipkumar; Javaheri, Tahereh; Jayapal, Sathish Kumar; Jayawardena, Ranil; Jazayeri, Seyed Behzad; Jha, Ravi Prakash; Jonas, Jost B.; Joo, Tamas; Joukar, Farahnaz; Jurisson, Mikk; Kaambwa, Billingsley; Kalhor, Rohollah; Kanchan, Tanuj; Kandel, Himal; Matin, Behzad Karami; Karimi, Salah Eddin; Kassahun, Getinet; Kayode, Gbenga A.; Karyani, Ali Kazemi; Keikavoosi Arani, Leila; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khajuria, Himanshu; Khalilov, Rovshan; Khammarnia, Mohammad; Khan, Junaid; Khubchandani, Jagdish; Kianipour, Neda; Kim, Gyu Ri; Kim, Yun Jin; Kisa, Adnan; Kisa, Sezer; Kohler, Stefan; Kosen, Soewarta; Koteeswaran, Rajasekaran; Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane; Koyanagi, Ai; Krishan, Kewal; Kumar, G. Anil; Kusuma, Dian; Lamnisos, Demetris; Lansingh, Van Charles; Larsson, Anders O.; Lasrado, Savita; Le, Long Khanh Dao; Lee, Shaun Wen Huey; Lee, Yeong Yeh; Lim, Stephen S.; Lobo, Stany W.; Lozano, Rafael; Abd El Razek, Hassan Magdy; Abd El Razek, Muhammed Magdy; Mahdavi, Mokhtar Mahdavi; Majeed, Azeem; Makki, Alaa; Maleki, Afshin; Malekzadeh, Reza; Manda, Ana Laura; Mansour Ghanaei, Fariborz; Mansournia, Mohammad Ali; Arnedo, Carlos Alberto Marrugo; Martinez Valle, Adolfo; Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra; Maude, Richard James; Mckee, Martin; Medina Solis, Carlo Eduardo; Menezes, Ritesh G.; Meretoja, Atte; Meretoja, Tuomo J.; Mesregah, Mohamed Kamal; Mestrovic, Tomislav; Kostova, Neda Milevska; Miller, Ted R.; Mini, G. K.; Mirica, Andreea; Mirrakhimov, Erkin M.; Mohajer, Bahram; Mohamed, Teroj Abdulrahman; Mohammadi, Mokhtar; Mohammadian Hafshejani, Abdollah; Mohammed, Shafiu; Moitra, Modhurima; Mokdad, Ali H.; Molokhia, Mariam; Moni, Mohammad Ali; Moradi, Yousef; Morze, Jakub; Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam; Mpundu Kaambwa, Christine; Muriithi, Moses K.; Muthupandian, Saravanan; Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman; Naimzada, Mukhammad David; Nangia, Vinay; Naqvi, Atta Abbas; Narayana, Aparna Ichalangod; Nascimento, Bruno Ramos; Naveed, Muhammad; Nayak, Biswa Prakash; Nazari, Javad; Ndejjo, Rawlance; Negoi, Ionut; Kandel, Sandhya Neupane; Trang Huyen Nguyen; Nonvignon, Justice; Noubiap, Jean Jacques; Nwatah, Vincent Ebuka; Oancea, Bogdan; Ojelabi, Foluke Adetola Ogunyemi; Olagunju, Andrew T.; Olakunde, Babayemi Oluwaseun; Olgiati, Stefano; Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun; Onwujekwe, Obinna E.; Otoiu, Adrian; Otstavnov, Nikita; Otstavnov, Stanislav S.; Owolabi, Mayowa O.; Padubidri, Jagadish Rao; Palladino, Raffaele; Panda Jonas, Songhomitra; Park, Eun Cheol; Kan, Fatemeh Pashazadeh; Pawar, Shrikant; Toroudi, Hamidreza Pazoki; Pereira, David M.; Perianayagam, Arokiasamy; Pesudovs, Konrad; Piccinelli, Cristiano; Postma, Maarten J.; Prada, Sergio I.; Rabiee, Mohammad; Rabiee, Navid; Rahim, Fakher; Rahimi Movaghar, Vafa; Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur; Rahman, Mosiur; Rahmani, Amir Masoud; Ram, Usha; Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal; Ranasinghe, Priyanga; Rao, Chythra R.; Rathi, Priya; Rawaf, David Laith; Rawaf, Salman; Rawal, Lal; Rawassizadeh, Reza; Reiner, Robert C., Jr.; Renzaho, Andre M. N.; Reshmi, Bhageerathy; Riaz, Mavra A.; Ripon, Rezaul Karim; Saad, Anas M.; Sahraian, Mohammad Ali; Sahu, Maitreyi; Salama, Joseph S.; Salehi, Sana; Samy, Abdallah M.; Sanabria, Juan; Sanmarchi, Francesco; Santos, Joao Vasco; Santric Milicevic, Milena M.; Sathian, Brijesh; Savic, Miloje; Saxena, Deepak; Sayyah, Mehdi; Schwendicke, Falk; Senthilkumaran, Subramanian; Sepanlou, Sadaf G.; Seylani, Allen; Shahabi, Saeed; Shaikh, Masood Ali; Sheikh, Aziz; Shetty, Adithi; Shetty, Pavanchand H.; Shibuya, Kenji; Shrime, Mark G.; Shuja, Kanwar Hamza; Singh, Jasvinder A.; Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich; Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna; Soltani, Shahin; Soofi, Moslem; Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth; Stefan, Simona Catalina; Szerencses, Viktoria; Szocska, Miklos; Tabares Seisdedos, Rafael; Taddele, Biruk Wogayehu; Tefera, Yonas Getaye; Thavamani, Aravind; Tobe Gai, Ruoyan; Topor Madry, Roman; Tovani Palone, Marcos Roberto; Bach Xuan Tran; Car, Lorainne Tudor; Ullah, Anayat; Ullah, Saif; Umar, Nasir; Undurraga, Eduardo A.; Valdez, Pascual R.; Vasankari, Tommi Juhani; Villafane, Jorge Hugo; Violante, Francesco S.; Vlassov, Vasily; Bay Vo; Vollmer, Sebastian; Theo Vos; Giang Thu Vu; Linh Gia Vu; Wamai, Richard G.; Werdecker, Andrea; Woldekidan, Mesfin Agachew; Wubishet, Befikadu Legesse; Xu, Gelin; Yaya, Sanni; Yazdi Feyzabadi, Vahid; Yigit, Vahit; Yip, Paul; Yirdaw, Birhanu Wubale; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Younis, Mustafa Z.; Yu, Chuanhua; Yunusa, Ismaeel; Moghadam, Telma Zahirian; Zandian, Hamed; Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich; Zastrozhina, Anasthasia; Zhang, Zhi Jiang; Ziapour, Arash; Zuniga, Yves Miel H.; Hay, Simon I.; Murray, Christopher J. L.; Dieleman, Joseph L.; Global Burden Dis Hlth Financing
    Background The rapid spread of COVID-19 renewed the focus on how health systems across the globe are financed, especially during public health emergencies. Development assistance is an important source of health financing in many low-income countries, yet little is known about how much of this funding was disbursed for COVID-19. We aimed to put development assistance for health for COVID-19 in the context of broader trends in global health financing, and to estimate total health spending from 1995 to 2050 and development assistance for COVID-19 in 2020.