Browsing by Author "Laker, Jerry"

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    Ensamble y morfología de aves en un gradiente altitudinal del bosque templado de la región de La Araucanía, Chile
    (2010) Ibarra Eliessetch, José Tomás; Rojas, Isabel; Gálvez, Nicolás; Laker, Jerry; Bonacic Salas, Cristian
    Realizamos muestreos estacionales con redes nieblas en un gradiente altitudinal de antropización en la Araucanía, con 185 capturas. Las especies más abundantes fueron S. sephaniodes y E. albiceps, encontrando mayor abundancia de aves en bosques primarios que en renovales Los bosques templados de la zona sur de Chile han sufrido una fuerte presión antrópica de deforestación y fragmentación. Las consecuencias de la pérdida de hábitat para muchas especies de aves son aún muy desconocidas. Con el objetivo de evaluar las relaciones temporales entre el ensamble de aves y los componentes estructurales del hábitat, se realizaron muestreos estacionales con redes nieblas (2008 – 2009) en un gradiente altitudinal de antropización en la Araucanía, cada uno con dos representaciones: bosque primario de Araucaria (BPA), bosque primario de Mañío-Tepa (BPMT), bosque secundario de RobleRaulí-Coihue (BS) y matorral (M). Realizamos 185 capturas, registrando 3 órdenes, 9 familias y 12 especies. Siendo el orden Passeriformes y familia Tyrannidae los con mayor representación de especies (83% y 25% respectivamente). Las más abundantes fueron Sephanoides sephaniodes y Elaenia albiceps, juntas corresponden a un 45% del total. El BPMT presentó abundancias significativamente mayores que el BS, y no hubo diferencias en riqueza de especies. Respecto a la morfología, la especie de mayor tamaño fue Turdus falcklandii (L=226mm) y la más pequeña S. sephaniodes (L=98,5mm). Estos resultados son la primera aproximación a un estudio y seguimiento a largo plazo de las aves que habitan los bosques de la Araucanía
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    Forest cover outside protected areas plays an important role in the conservation of the Vulnerable guina Leopardus guigna
    (2013) Galvez, Nicolas; Hernandez, Felipe; Laker, Jerry; Gilabert, Horacio; Petitpas, Robert; Bonacic Salas, Cristian; Gimona, Alessandro; Hester, Alison; Macdonald, David W.
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    Monitoreo de relaciones temporales entre las aves y bosques primarios y antropizados de La Araucanía
    (2011) Ibarra Eliessetch, José Tomás; Gálvez Robinson, Nicolás Cristián; Ohrens, Omar; Rojas, Isabel M.; Petitpas David, Robert; Laker, Jerry; Bonacic Salas, Cristián
    Los datos de anillamiento proveen información esencial para responder a múltiples preguntas sobre poblaciones de aves, y son fundamentales en el estudio de ensambles en ambientes sujetos a altas tasas de perturbación. La transformación de los bosques en el sur de Chile ha sido mayor en zonas del valle (<700 m.s.n.m) y, por el contrario, su protección ha sido en zonas altas a través del SNASPE. Fauna Australis ha comenzado un programa de anillamiento de aves (Passeriformes, Apodiformes y Strigiformes) que tiene como objetivo determinar diversidad, medidas morfológicas y relaciones temporales (uso de hábitat, fidelidad de sitio, sobrevivencia) de las aves con la estructura del bosque, en un gradiente humano-altitudinal desde bosques intervenidos (600-750 m.s.n.m) hasta bosques antiguos (900-1300 m.s.n.m), en la Región de la Araucanía. Seleccionamos ocho rodales (dos bajo presión de corta y pastoreo, dos de bosque secundario, dos primarios de mañío-tepa y dos primarios de araucaria). En cada uno medimos variables estructurales e índices de perturbación, y cuantificamos estacionalmente a las aves por medio de puntos de conteo y redes de captura para su anillamiento y liberación. Presentamos los registros para riqueza y abundancia de aves, junto con los resultados de captura-anillamiento para 51 individuos de 8 especies. Estos datos preliminares muestran que los bosques antiguos de mayor complejidad estructural presentarían una mayor riqueza y abundancia. Las aves especialistas de sotobosque, carpinteros y rapaces nocturnas muestran mayor abundancia en bosques antiguos, mientras que especies más generalistas se encuentran en todos los tipos de bosque. Estos son los primeros resultados de un monitoreo con horizonte de largo plazo en los bosques templados de la Araucanía.
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    Preliminary acoustic analysis of Myotis chiloensis (Waterhouse, 1838), Vespertilionidae, an endemic Bat of Southern Temperate Rainforest
    (2009) Ossa, Gonzalo; Ibarra Eliessetch, José Tomás; Hernández, Felipe; Gálvez Robinson, Nicolás Cristián; Laker, Jerry; Bonacic Salas, Cristián
    Echolocation is typical of microchiropteran bats and the detection of ultrasound calls has led to important advances in our knowledge about their distribution and habitat use. To date, monitoring of echolocation calls has been used most commonly for vespertilionids in different ecosystems. This has not been the case in Chile, where studies based on mist net trapping have provided our current knowledge about chiropteran biology. With the aim to broaden this knowledge, we recorded echolocation calls of Myotis chiloensis, an endemic bat of the temperate rainforest of Chile and Argentina, using the Pettersson D240X ultrasound detector (Pettersson Elektronik AB, Uppsala) in 10X time expansion mode, connected to an Edirol R-09 digital recorder. The recordings were analysed with Avisoft SASLab Pro 4.51 (R. Spetch, Germany) using 22,050 sampling frequency, FFT length 256, Hamming window and Overlap of 75%. The recordings were obtained from male bats, caught with mist nets near Pucón city (39º15'S 71º00'W), Araucania Region, southern Chile. A total of 22 echolocation calls of captured and released individuals and 75 calls of individuals flying near the shelter were recorded. The files of 12 captured and released individuals have been analyzed. The search phase pulse analysis showed that the terminal frequency characteristic for this species is 20.8 ± 0.6 kHz, with duration of 5.3 ± 2.5 ms and pulse interval of 149.9 ± 24.1 ms. The call is FM – QCF type - pulses start with a large narrowband (Frequency-Modulated), and then continue with frequency changes of a few kHz between the onset and the end of the component. This call is distinctive for the family Vespertilionidae. These is the first time the calls of M.chiloensis have been published, and this work opens up opportunities for future studies better to understand the foraging behaviour and habitat use by this species.
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    Relationship between fragmentation, degradation and native and exotic species richness in an Andean temperate forest of Chile
    (2011) Rojas, Isabel; Becerra, Pablo; Galvez, Nicolas; Laker, Jerry; Bonacic Salas, Cristian; Hester, Alison
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    Rufous-legged Owl (Strix rufipes) and Austral Pygmy Owl (Glaucidium nanum) stand use in a gradient of disrupted and old growth Andean temperate forests, Chile
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2012) Ibarra Eliessetch, José Tomás; Galvez, Nicolas; Gimona, Alessandro; Altamirano, Tomas A.; Rojas, Isabel; Hester, Alison; Laker, Jerry; Bonacic, Cristian
    We studied how human induced structural changes in forests affect stand use of the Rufous-legged Owl (forest-specialist) and the Austral Pygmy Owl (forest-facultative), in a gradient from lowland disrupted forests to protected Andean forests in Chile. We also tested if the calls of one species influenced the calling behaviour of the other. We detected a total of 34 Rufous-legged Owls and 21 Austral Pygmy Owls during the four seasons. Rufous-legged Owls were found principally in old growth Araucaria-Nothofagus stands (32.4%), and Pygmy Owls in old growth evergreen stands (52.4%). For both species there was a seasonal effect on call response, with a drop in responses in autumn and winter. Our models suggested that Rufous-legged Owls inhabit a more specific range of habitat characteristics than Pygmy Owls. The former selected stands with tall trees, relatively low tree density, and high bamboo density. Pygmy Owls selected stands with tall trees and relatively high tree density. There was no evidence that either species influenced the calling behaviour of the other, suggesting no negative association between use of a territory by the two species. Our results emphasize the importance of structural components of old growth forests for both species, but also the relevance of stands surrounding protected areas.
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    The importance of protected areas in mitigating climate change and conserving ecosystems in Latin America and the Caribbean
    (Springer, 2022) Ibarra Eliessetch Jose Tomas; Bonacic Salas Cristian; Constanza, Arévalo; Laker, Jerry; Mohamed Behnassi; Himangana Gupta; Mirza Barjees Baig; Ijaz Rasool Noorka
    Biodiversity conservation in a world under climate change is a significant challenge for Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), which holds 60% of global terrestrial life. Six of the ten most biodiverse countries (Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, and Venezuela) are in LAC, and biodiversity hotspots are well-represented along the region’s coasts and mainland. The region has the most significant areas of tropical forest and large portions of subtropical forests, temperate steppe, and subantarctic Patagonia. Protected areas offer opportunities to conserve unique biodiversity, provide ecosystem services, and mitigate climate change effects. LAC’s contribution to carbon capture, by protecting extensive forests and other natural ecosystems, is potentially opening tremendous economic opportunities under the green economy paradigm. This chapter describes the current status of protected areas in LAC and explains how this conservation mechanism should play a mitigation role. LAC’s protected areas cover almost all types of terrestrial and marine ecosystems, and their number is increasing in the region. Although protected areas mitigate the effects of climate change on biodiversity, climate change and traditional environmental problems like deforestation, mining, and agriculture affect the viability of protected areas. Thus, their expansion and connectivity throughout the region are crucial to combat climate change and biodiversity loss. Nature is also essential to the region’s biocultural diversity, including a miriad of complex cosmovisions and traditions. In LAC’s unique ecosystems, rich biodiversity is spatially correlated with rich cultural diversity, granting opportunity for Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities to lead experiences in managing protected areas in biologically and culturally diverse ecosystems of LAC.