Browsing by Author "Labarca, Jaime"
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- ItemDaptomycin: pharmacological characteristics and its role in the treatment of gram positive infections(SOC CHILENA INFECTOLOGIA, 2012) Araos, Rafael; Garcia, Patricia; Chanqueo, Leonardo; Labarca, JaimeDaptomycin recently made available in Chile, belongs to a new family of antimicrobials known as lypopeptides. Daptomycin has a unique mechanism of action and a potent bactericidal activity over susceptible agents. It is active against a number of clinically significant Gram positive cocci, including strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus spp., both susceptible and resistant to classic antimicrobials. Daptomycin has been approved for clinical use in skin and soft tissue infections, and for S. aureus bacteremia in adult patients. Ongoing trials suggest that daptomycin is also useful in the treatment of other infections such as osteomyelitis, biofilm producing infections, and in immunocompromised patients, particularly onco-hematologic patients. The main adverse reaction associated with daptomycin use is myopathy, usually mild and reversible.
- ItemIncidence of multi-resistant bacteria in Intensive Care Units of Chilean hospitals(SOC CHILENA INFECTOLOGIA, 2017) Paz Acuna, M.; Cifuentes, Marcela; Silva, Francisco; Rojas, Alvaro; Cerda, Jaime; Labarca, Jaime; Grp Colaborativo ResistenciaIntroduction: Incidence of multi-resistant bacteria is an indicator that permits better estimation of the magnitude of bacterial resistance in hospitals. Aim: To evaluate the incidence of relevant multi-drug resistant bacteria in intensive care units (ICUs) of Chile. Methods: Participating hospitals submitted information about the number of isolates from infected or colonized patients with 7 epidemiologically relevant multi-resistant bacteria in adult and pediatric ICUs between January 1, 2014 and October 31, 2015 and the number of bed days occupied in these units in the same period was requested. With these data incidence was calculated per 1,000 patient days for each unit. Results: Information from 20 adults and 9 pediatric ICUs was reviewed. In adult ICUs the bacteria with the highest incidence were K. pneumoniae ESBL [4.72 x 1,000 patient day (1.21-13.89)] and oxacillin-resistant S. aureus [3.85 (0.71-12.66)]. In the pediatric units the incidence was lower, highlighting K. pneumoniae ESBL [2.71 (0-7.11)] and carbapenem-resistant P aeruginosa [1.61 (0.31-9.25)]. Conclusion: Important differences between hospitals in the incidence of these bacteria were observed. Incidence of multi-resistant bacteria in adult ICU was significantly higher than in pediatric ICU for most of the studied bacterias.
- ItemMultiple Mycotic Aneurysms Due to Penicillin Nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae Solved With Endovascular Repair(ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 2010) Rojas, Alvaro; Mertens, Renato; Arbulo, Douglas; Garcia, Patricia; Labarca, JaimeMycotic aneurysm is a life-threatening condition. We report the case of an 83-year-old white female who had pneumonia, and 3 months later she was admitted with multiple sacular mycotic aneurysms due to penicillin nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae. Successful combination therapy with antibiotics and endovascular repair was done.
- ItemPrevention strategies for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Latin America(ELSEVIER BRAZIL, 2010) Alvarez, Carlos; Labarca, Jaime; Salles, Mauro; Latin Amer Working Grp GramAfter the first reports of the emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the 1970s, numerous measures intended to prevent its transmission were initiated in hospitals. However, in most cases, large-scale measures failed to be implemented and the transmission of MRSA has since led to a global pandemic. Presently, doubts still remain about the best approach to prevent and control MRSA and more often than not, control measures are not implemented. Therefore, we review here the current situation in Latin America with respect to existing policies for control of MRSA, and evaluate the evidence for control measures in hospitals and the community. We look at the risk factors for infection and transmission of MRSA between hospital patients and within specific populations in the community, and at the effect of antibiotic usage on the spread of MRSA in these settings. Finally, we summarize recommendations for the prevention and control of MRSA, which can be applied to the Latin American hospital environment and community setting.
- ItemPrevention strategies for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in Latin America(SOC CHILENA INFECTOLOGIA, 2010) Alvarez, Carlos; Labarca, Jaime; Salles, Mauro; Grp Latinoamer TrabAfter the first reports of the emergence of MRSA in the 1970s, numerous measures intended to prevent its transmission were initiated in hospitals. However, in most cases, large-scale measures failed to be implemented and the transmission of MRSA has since led to a global pandemic. Presently, doubts still remain about the best approach to prevent and control M RSA and more often than not, control measures are not implemented. Therefore, we review here the current situation in Latin America with respect to existing policies for control of M RSA, and evaluate the evidence for control measures in hospitals and the community. We look at the risk factors for infection and transmission of MRSA between hospital patients and within specific populations in the community, and at the effect of antibiotic usage on the spread of MRSA in these settings. Finally, we summarize recommendations for the prevention and control of MRSA, which can be applied to the Latin American hospital environment and community setting.
- ItemSusceptibility to azoles and amphotericin B of isolates of Candida spp. Experience of a university health network, between 2004 and 2010(SOC CHILENA INFECTOLOGIA, 2012) Porte, Lorena; Leon, Pilar; Garate, Cynthia; Maria Guzman, Ana; Labarca, Jaime; Garcia, PatriciaObjective: To describe antifungal susceptibility testing surveillance (December 2004-September 2010) in Candida spp., for amphotericin B, fluconazole and voriconazole, at the Laboratorio de Microbiologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile. Method: The study was performed utilizing E test and included yeasts from invasive origin and isolates in which antifimgal susceptibility testing was asked for by the patient's physician. Results: The yeasts were mainly recovered from urine samples (n: 64), blood cultures (n: 51) and secretions (n: 24). Two hundred ninety three isolates were studied: C. albicans (38%), C. glabrata (30%), C. tropicalis (11%), C. parapsilosis (10%), C. krusei (4%) and others (7%). All Candida species were 100% susceptible to amphotericin B, except C. krusei (1/12). Fluconazole's global susceptibility in C. albicans was 91.8%, but 100% in isolates from blood cultures versus 76% in isolates from urine. C. tropicalis was 93.9% susceptible to fluconazole, C. parapsilosis, 90% and C. glabrata 30.3%. C. krusei had no susceptible isolates to fluconazole. Voriconazole resistance was mainly present in C. glabrata (11.5%). Conclusions: We recommend the study of antifungal susceptibility in isolates from invasive origin, selected urine strains and C. glabrata. Fluconazole remains effective in C. albicans from blood.