Browsing by Author "Jalil Contreras, Yorschua Frederick"
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- ItemEffects of the First Spontaneous Breathing Trial in Children With Tracheostomy and Long-Term Mechanical Ventilation(NLM (Medline), 2023) Villarroel-Silva, Gregory; Jalil Contreras, Yorschua Frederick; Moya-Gallardo, E.; Oyarzun Aguirre, Ignacio Javier; Moscoso Altamira, Gonzalo Andrés; Astudillo Maggio, Claudia Ester; Damiani Rebolledo, Luis FelipeCopyright © 2023 by Daedalus Enterprises.BACKGROUND: Weaning and liberation from mechanical ventilation in pediatric patients with tracheostomy and long-term mechanical ventilation constitute a challenging process due to diagnosis heterogeneity and significant variability in the clinical condition. We aimed to evaluate the physiological response during the first attempt of a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) and to compare variables in subjects who failed or passed the SBT. METHODS: This was a prospective observational study in tracheostomized children with long-term mechanical ventilation admitted to the Hospital Josefina Martinez, Santiago, Chile, between 2014-2020. Cardiorespiratory variables such as breathing pattern, use of accessory respiratory muscles, heart rate, breathing frequency, and oxygen saturation were registered at baseline and throughout a 2-h SBT with or without positive pressure depending on an SBT protocol. Comparison of demographic and ventilatory variables between groups (SBT failure and success) was performed. RESULTS: A total of 48 subjects were analyzed (median [IQR] age of 20.5 [17.0-35.0] months, 60% male). Chronic lung disease was the primary diagnosis in 60% of subjects. Eleven (23%) total subjects failed the SBT (< 2 h), with an average failure time of 69 ± 29 min. Subjects who failed the SBT had a significantly higher breathing frequency, heart rate, and end-tidal CO2 than subjects who succeeded (P < .001). In addition, subjects who failed the SBT had significantly shorter duration of mechanical ventilation before the SBT, higher proportion unassisted SBT, and higher rate of deviation SBT protocol in comparison with subjects who succeeded. CONCLUSIONS: Conducting an SBT to evaluate the tolerance and cardiorespiratory response in tracheostomized children with long-term mechanical ventilation is feasible. Time on mechanical ventilation before the first attempt and type of SBT (with or without positive pressure) could be associated with SBT failure.
- ItemKinesiólogos frente a la pandemia de COVID-19: ¿Cuál es su rol?(2021) Damiani Rebolledo, Luis Felipe; Jalil Contreras, Yorschua Frederick; Basoalto Escobar, Roque Ignacio; Villarroel Silva, Gregory; Garcia Valdes, Patricio HernanEl impacto de la pandemia por COVID-19 a nivel social, económico y sanitario no tiene precedentes. Sólo en Chile hasta el mes de julio de 2020, más de 340.000 personas han contraído la enfermedad y alrededor de 9.000 han fallecido por esta causa. Esta crisis sanitaria ha llevado a una adaptación en todo el sistema de salud y toma de medidas extraordinarias para poder cubrir dichas necesidades. El kinesiólogo como profesional de la salud constituye una pieza fundamental en la atención de estos pacientes. Su rol se ha visto reflejado en las distintas etapas de la enfermedad desde la atención primaria y urgencia hasta la atención de pacientes en la unidad de cuidados intensivos y posterior al alta hospitalaria. Además de su rol clínico asistencial, el kinesiólogo es capaz de contribuir en áreas de educación, promoción, gestión en salud e investigación científica, aspectos que podrían ser esenciales en el manejo de la pandemia. Es deber del kinesiólogo considerar esta oportunidad y asumir los múltiples desafíos derivados de la pandemia para comprometerse y otorgar respuestas a las necesidades sanitarias actuales.
- ItemLung aeration estimated by chest electrical impedance tomography and lung ultrasound during extubation(2023) Joussellin, Vincent; Bonny, Vincent; Spadaro, Savino; Clerc, Sébastien; Parfait, Mélodie; Ferioli, Martina; Sieye, Antonin; Jalil Contreras, Yorschua Frederick; Janiak, Vincent; Pinna, Andrea; Dres, MartinAbstract: Background: This study hypothesized that patients with extubation failure exhibit a loss of lung aeration and heterogeneity in air distribution, which could be monitored by chest EIT and lung ultrasound. Patients at risk of extubation failure were included after a successful spontaneous breathing trial. Lung ultrasound [with calculation of lung ultrasound score (LUS)] and chest EIT [with calculation of the global inhomogeneity index, frontback center of ventilation (CoV), regional ventilation delay (RVD) and surface available for ventilation] were performed before extubation during pressure support ventilation (H0) and two hours after extubation during spontaneous breathing (H2). EIT was then repeated 6 h (H6) after extubation. EIT derived indices and LUS were compared between patients successfully extubated and patients with extubation failure. Results: 40 patients were included, of whom 12 (30%) failed extubation. Before extubation, when compared with patients with successful extubation, patients who failed extubation had a higher LUS (19 vs 10, p = 0.003) and a smaller surface available for ventilation (352 vs 406 pixels, p = 0.042). After extubation, GI index and LUS were higher in the extubation failure group, whereas the surface available for ventilation was lower. The RVD and the CoV were not different between groups. Conclusion: Before extubation, a loss of lung aeration was observed in patients who developed extubation failure afterwards. After extubation, this loss of lung aeration persisted and was associated with regional lung ventilation heterogeneity. Trial registration Clinical trials, NCT04180410, Registered 27 November 2019—prospectively registered. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04180410
- ItemRole of neuromuscular electrical stimulation to prevent respiratory muscle weakness in critically ill patients and its association to changes in myokines profile: a randomized clinical trial(2024) Jalil Contreras, Yorschua Frederick; Bruhn, Alejandro; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de MedicinaIntroduction: Critically ill patients hospitalized at Intensive Care Units (ICU) are characterized by an accelerated muscle wasting, particularly of respiratory muscles, occurring early due to mechanical ventilation (MV). Although active muscle activation may prevent these alterations, it is usually not available at early stages of care because of sedation, favoring a vicious circle. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) represents an alternative to achieve muscle contraction in this setting, being able to prevent local muscle wasting, and according to some reports, has the potential to shorten MV time. It has been suggested that this potential benefit might be explained by systemic effects of NMES on distant muscles due to the release of myokines, a diverse range of chemokines secreted by myocytes during contraction. However, no studies have evaluated whether NMES applied to peripheral muscles (quadriceps) in critically ill patients can exert distant muscle effects over the diaphragm, and if such effects are associated to changes in myokine concentrations. Objective: To determine the effects of NMES applied to both quadriceps on myokine plasmatic concentrations, and on peripheral and respiratory muscle function and structure, in mechanical ventilated ICU patients when initiated at an early phase of their critical illness. Methods: Exploratory randomized controlled trial of NMES applied to both quadriceps, twice a day, for 3 days, in comparison to standard care (control group, CG). For myokine characterization (IL-6, BDNF, Myostatin and Decorin), blood samples were obtained at baseline (T0), at the end of the NMES session (T1), and 2 and 6 hours later (T2 and T6). This sampling was repeated on days 1 and 3. For the control group (CG) blood samples were obtained only at T0 and T6. An additional blood sample was also taken on Day 4 (T0) for both groups. Muscle characterization was performed at days 1 and 3 (T0 and T6 respectively). This consisted in ultrasonography of quadriceps muscle layer thickness (MLT), and diaphragmatic thickening fraction (TFdi), along with tracheal tube pressure derived from phrenic nerve magnetic stimulation (Ptr,tw), for diaphragmatic function. Results: 11 patients were randomized: 6 to CG and 5 to NMES. No differences were observed between groups at baseline. No significant interaction was detected between time (across the 4-day protocol) and intervention (NMES or not) for quadriceps MLT change (p-value of 0.12). However, time as factor had a significant impact on MLT explained by a decrease from 1.92 ± 0.81 cm on day 1 to 1.63 ± 0.85 cm on day 3 in the CG, with a p-value of 0.003, while no change along time was observed in the NMES group (Change from 1.76 ± 0.62 cm on day 1 to 1.66 ± 0.61 cm on day 3, with a p-value of 0.51). Concerning diaphragmatic thickening fraction (TFdi), a significant interaction was detected between time (across the 4-day protocol) and intervention (NMES or not) (p-value of 0.006). While in the CG there was an absolute TFdi decrease of 8.93% ± 6.4 (-32.6 ± 25.3 % of relative change) along time, in the NMES group TFdi increased 5.14± 6.55 % (+38.15 ± 58.6 % of relative change). Considering Twitch tracheal pressure (Ptr,tw), a significant interaction was detected between time (across the 4-day protocol) and intervention (NMES or not) (p-value of 0.04). In the control group, Ptr,tw exhibited an absolute change of -1.43 ± 0.68 cmH20, corresponding to a relative decrease of 19.49% ± 16.98 from baseline values to day 3, while the NMES group experienced an absolute change of +2.5 ± 3.8 cmH2O, equivalent to a relative increase of 46.4 ± 45.6 %. Analyzing the raw plasmatic concentrations of myokines, no significant interaction was detected between time (across the 4-day protocol) and intervention (NMES or not) for any of the myokine concentrations (Decorin, Myostatin, IL-6 and BDNF). Moreover, there were no significant changes observed either within or between groups at any time point. Conclusion: The preliminary data analysed supports the notion that peripheral NMES can preserve respiratory muscle function. It appears that this effect is not mediated by changes in any of the myokines included in the present study. Therefore, alternative mechanisms should be considered to explain how NMES may favour respiratory muscle preservation. The results observed on peripheral muscle layer thickness are yet unconclusive with the limited sample size analysed. Data from a larger number of patients is required to confirm these preliminary conclusions.