Browsing by Author "Herrera Ponce, María Soledad"

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    A longitudinal study monitoring the quality of life in a national cohort of older adults in Chile before and during the COVID-19 outbreak
    (2021) Herrera Ponce, María Soledad; Elgueta, Raúl; Fernández Lorca, María Beatriz; Giacoman Hernández, Claudia; Leal Valenzuela, Daniella; Marshall, Pío; Rubio Acuña, Miriam; Bustamante Palma, Felipe Andrés
    Background:Confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic has placed great stress on older adults, which may be affecting their quality of life. Thus, this study aims to describe the changes in mental and physical health, isolation and loneliness, residence and socioeconomic resources in a national cohort of Chilean older adults before and during the COVID-19 outbreak. It also analyzes the changes in depressive symptoms by changes in the other quality of life indicators before and during the COVID-19 outbreak. Possible methodological biases of telephone surveys in older adults living in non-developed countries are also discussed. Methods: Between June and September 2020, a random subsample of 720 people who had participated in the face-to-face V National Survey on Quality of Life in Older Adults in Chile conducted at the end of 2019 was followed up by telephone. Descriptive bivariate analyses were performed using t-test and non-parametric tests for independent variables, comparing the baseline sample with the current 2020 follow-up sample during the peak of the pandemic outbreak in Latin America. Furthermore, descriptive bivariate analysis through t-test and non-parametric test for paired samples compared the follow-up subsample at baseline with the not-included sample, examining possible biases of the telephone interview compared with the face-to-face interview. Results: In the panel, there was no variation in self-rated health. The health symptoms that worsened were memory, stomach, and mood problems. Depressive symptoms and anxiety increased; similarly, smartphone users, social contacts, intergenerational co-residence and resilience increased. The telephone follow-up sample had a higher educational level and greater smartphone use than those not included in the subsample. Conclusions: Although some physical and mental health indicators have worsened during the pandemic, older adults mobilized resources that could allow them to maintain their quality of life, such as improved resilience. Thus, these findings can guide future research and the development of efficient strategies to improve these resources among older adults to ensure wellbeing.
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    Distrés en Hijas Adultas que Brindan Apoyo a sus Padres Mayores
    (2016) Fernández Lorca, María Beatriz; Herrera Ponce, María Soledad
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    Does the selective attrition of a panel survey of older people affect the multivariate estimations of subjective well-being?
    (2020) Herrera Ponce, María Soledad; Devilat Marzouka, Denisse; Fernández Lorca, María Beatriz; Elgueta, R.
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    Estrategias de afrontamiento en relación con los eventos estresantes que ocurren al envejecer
    (2018) Herrera Ponce, María Soledad; Fernández Lorca, María Beatriz; Barros L., Carmen
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    Evaluación de la funcionalidad y fragilidad de las personas mayores asistentes a centros de día
    (2018) Araya, Alejandra Ximena; Herrera Ponce, María Soledad; Iriarte Parra, Evelyn; Rioja, Romina
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    Gender and family structures affecting intergenerational support from adult children to older parents: A cross-national study in a developing country
    (2022) Fernández Lorca, María Beatriz; Herrera Ponce, María Soledad
    In Latin America, informal support from adult children to their older parents (“upward support”) is crucial with an aging population and insufficient coverage of social protection systems. This article examines variables associated with upward support, distinguishing by gender of parents and their children. The research design is quantitative, correlational, and cross-sectional. It is based on primary survey data collected by the authors for the study. The authors hypothesized that upward support depends on children’s opportunities to provide support and on the needs of parents. The results show that upward support depends more on children’s opportunities than on parents’ needs, although upward support is higher for parents with poorer health. Daughters are more supportive than sons, but sibling characteristics do not moderate associations between children’s gender and receipt of support. Cohabiting with the parent, receiving support from the parent, and having a good relationship were also associated with greater upward support. Therefore, policies should consider the gender of adult children when allocating resources to older people.
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    Impacto del apoyo familiar en la presencia de quejas depresivas en personas mayores chilenas
    (2013) Carrasco Gorman, Marcela; Herrera Ponce, María Soledad; Fernández Lorca, María Beatriz; Barros L., Carmen
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    Influencing factors of postretirement work : in-depth analysis of the Chilean case
    (2020) Galkuté, Milda; Herrera Ponce, María Soledad; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Instituto de Sociología
    The unprecedented population ageing has had an impact on different settings in the societies across the globe, particularly on the health care and social protection of the elderly, pension reserve funds, and labour market trends. As a result, many governments have been advocating for active ageing by encouraging older adults to remain economically active even after reaching the legal retirement age. Thus, several contemporary scholars in social gerontology have argued that there is an urgent need for new research to focus on postretirement work-related concerns (Phillipson, 2018; Taylor et al., 2016). While this topic has already been addressed in many developed countries, especially in Europe, it remains under-studied in most developing countries like Chile, characterised by fast-paced population ageing process, the presence of a strong neoliberal perspective that promotes the dual-earner model, and deeply-rooted traditional gender roles that keep restraining older women from participating in economic activity. Hence, following the suggestions of contemporary social gerontologists and considering the particular scenery of Chile, this thesis aims to answer the following research question: What are the factors that drive older adults to remain employed after legal retirement age in Chile? To this end, I have conducted three interconnected studies. First, a systematic literature review to identify the factors associated with postretirement work in different countries; I then conducted a quantitative study to examine influencing factors of extended careers in Chile; Finally, I explored the intrinsic motivation to continue working of Chilean adults of retirement age through 32 semi-structured interviews. The systematic literature review provides further insight into which multidimensional factors are most likely to increase older workers’ probability to extend their careers, differentiating between the socio-demographic, implicit, work-related, and life-related factors. As for quantitative findings of this research, the results suggest that intrinsic motivation to continue working is a significant predictor of postretirement work among older Chilean adults, especially among women. This study also indicates that even though older Chilean women with discontinuous work trajectories are motivated to continue working, they have lower probabilities to do so when compared to their male counterparts. Finally, the qualitative part of this research provided a better understanding of intrinsic older adults’ work motivation by identifying three prevailing themes, namely, the meaning that work gives to life, future older adults’ projects and postretirement orientations, and work as the primary source of social interaction.
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    Percepción de la obligación dentro de las relaciones filiales
    (2022) Fernández Lorca, María Beatriz; Herrera Ponce, María Soledad
    En este estudio se analizan, desde un enfoque cualitativo, las percepciones de la norma de obligación filial que tienen los hijos de 45 años de edad o más en Santiago de Chile. A partir de 34 entrevistas semiestructuradas, se encontró que la mayoría de los hijos dijo estar de acuerdo con esta norma, lo que en el plano personal se justifica por el deber de retribución, por lo que los padres han hecho por ellos a lo largo de la vida, así como por la existencia de interrelaciones percibidas como positivas. Asimismo, se observan diferencias de género, pues si bien tanto los hijos como las hijas reportaron sentir un compromiso con sus padres, en los hombres este compromiso es más débil, lo cual refuerza la feminización de la obligación filial.
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    Persistence of the norm of filial obligation among Chilean adults
    (2021) Fernández Lorca, María Beatriz; Herrera Ponce, María Soledad
    Norms of filial obligation can predict how and whether children provide support to their ageing parents. Using a nationally representative sample, this study describes the degree to which Chilean adults adhere to these norms, and analyses which variables are associated with their degree of adherence to these norms. It found that adults are more likely to adhere to these norms when their parents require special care. Using linear regression models, this study also found that younger adults and those with fewer family responsibilities are more likely to adhere to these norms, as do people who are more educated and those who identify with a religious belief. Reciprocity in parent–child relationships also predict greater adherence.
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    Postretirement work from a gender perspective : in-depth analysis of the Chilean case
    (2020) Galkuté, Milda; Herrera Ponce, María Soledad
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    Prácticas digitales de aprendizaje formal y no formal en estudiantes de educación superior del Gran Santiago
    (2018) Ochoa, Juan Manuel; Giacoman Hernández, Claudia; Herrera Ponce, María Soledad; Salinas Ulloa, Viviana Monzerrat; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Instituto de Sociología
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    ¿Qué ocurre cuando se usa (y no se usa) Internet?: resultados del World Internet Project-Chile
    (2004) Godoy Etcheverry, Sergio; Herrera Ponce, María Soledad
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    Social capital, social participation and life satisfaction among Chilean older adults
    (2014) Herrera Ponce, María Soledad; Elgueta, Raúl; Fernández Lorca, María Beatriz
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    Stressful Events in Old Age : Who are Most Exposed and Who are Most Likely to Overcome Them
    (2020) Herrera Ponce, María Soledad; Fernández Lorca, María Beatriz
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    The second half of the gender revolution : individual and national determinants of couples’ division of domestic labour : the case of chilean couples and international comparisons
    (2018) Reyes Brito, Javiera; Herrera Ponce, María Soledad; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Instituto de Sociología