Browsing by Author "Freed, Carmen"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    COVID-19 y ciudad: hacia un modelo integrado de vivienda, microbiología, ambiente y urbanismo
    (Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, 2021) Encinas Pino, Felipe; Soto-Liebe, Katia; Aguirre Núñez, Carlos Andrés; González, Bernardo; Bustamante, Waldo; Schueftan, Alejandra; Ugalde, Juan; Blondel, Carlos; Truffello, Ricardo; Araya, Paz; Freed, Carmen; CEDEUS (Chile)
    © 2021, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya. All rights reserved.As of May 2020, the global health crisis caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus moves its epicentre to Latin America, with cities showing high rates of poverty, segregation, and overcrowding. Current advances in microbiology make it possible to understand in depth the relationships between cities, COVID-19, and other microorganisms, but a conceptual framework to articulate them is lacking, especially in contexts where social determinants are so relevant. This article proposes an integrated approach to microbiology, housing, environment, and urbanism, based on a model of interactions and an empirical analysis applied to Santiago de Chile. It was possible to analyse how the propagation of COVID-19 in the city is enhanced by vulnerabilities of socio-spatial, residential and urban health, including an approach from the concept of energy poverty. At the same time, it was possible to verify how the variables associated with these vulnerabilities allowed to explain the incidence rate per 100 000 inhabitants through the different communes of Santiago de Chile. Among these, the level of housing overcrowding, the number of households with heads of household in precarious employment, and travel to the central business district stand out. Finally, the need for microbiological sampling to improve housing conditions, neighbourhoods, and cities propose a new research agenda for this Urban Microbiome" multidisciplinary team, contributing to overcoming the vulnerabilities identified in this research.
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    DISCIPLINARY INFLECTIONS: Contesting Three Concepts for the Construction of the Post-Neoliberal City
    (PONTIFICIA UNIV CATOLICA CHILE, ESCUELA ARQUITECTURA, 2021) Encinas, Felipe; Aguirre, Carlos; Vergara Perucich, Francisco; Tironi, Martin; Truffello, Ricardo; Freed, Carmen; Hidalgo, Rodrigo; CEDEUS (Chile)
    When words become fashionable, their use modifies their meaning. By understanding this performative condition, this text analyzes the current implications of the concepts of sustainability, resilience, and integration. Then, it argues the need to overcome the neoliberal city if we want these meanings to become real.
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    El individualismo como política pública: la vivienda incremental amenazada por la pobreza energética
    (2023) Encinas, Felipe; Freed, Carmen; Aguirre, Carlos; Schueftan, Alejandra; Vergara, Francisco; Orellana, Sebastián
    La vivienda incremental nace como respuesta a la dificultad de muchos hogares vulnerables para acceder a una solución formal, ofreciéndoles un mínimo habitacional como opción. Esto genera desafíos para la política pública, ya que la propia acción de los habitantes puede afectar la calidad de las viviendas, entendida como una dimensión clave para la comprensión de la pobreza energética. Este artículo utiliza un encuadre de la trialéctica del espacio de Pierre Bourdieu para estudiar las interacciones individuales y comunitarias en un condominio de viviendas incrementales con 10 años de antigüedad. De esta manera se pretende relevar la manera en que las familias expuestas a la pobreza energética sufren también la falta de recursos económicos, culturales, sociales y simbólicos. Para esto se utiliza un modelo mixto de análisis que incluye levantamientos constructivos, entrevistas en profundidad y registros de parámetros ambientales. La interpretación de los resultados deja ver que la acción individual bajo situación de precariedad de las propias familias no consigue configurar un espacio simbólico ni físico de representación colectiva, con una materialización adecuada para la habitabilidad de las viviendas. Esto se expresa en desfavorables condiciones de desempeño energético y calidad ambiental interior, altamente vinculadas a las modificaciones constructivas realizadas.
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    Mapping Energy Poverty: How Much Impact Do Socioeconomic, Urban and Climatic Variables Have at a Territorial Scale?
    (MDPI, 2022) Encinas, Felipe; Truffello, Ricardo; Aguirre-Nunez, Carlos; Puig, Isidro; Vergara-Perucich, Francisco; Freed, Carmen; Rodriguez, Blanca; CEDEUS (Chile)
    Energy poverty, considered a form of deprivation distinct from income poverty, is associated with three factors: low-income levels, high energy costs, and poor residential energy efficiency. It is necessary to study the socio-spatial distribution of energy poverty, particularly in metropolitan areas, due to persistent socioeconomic segregation and their public agenda implications, including the U.N. SDGs. A model of these characteristics can propose a spatial analysis of urban and climate implications, contributing evidence for public policy. This article aims to address energy poverty from a spatial approach extended to the urban area in Santiago de Chile through an exploratory model that estimates the impact of socioeconomic, urban, and climatic variables at a territorial scale on the performance of homes. Using a geographical weighted regression with the inside home temperature in winter as the dependent variable, the independent variables were the percentage of professionals, NDVI, annual thermal amplitude, and housing material quality. A housing quality pattern that acts as a proxy for vulnerability to energy poverty was found, repeating the distribution pattern of the different socioeconomic sectors. The findings incorporate a new interpretive matrix into the complex reproduction of segregation and inequality in a capital city from a developing country.