Browsing by Author "Ferreccio, C."

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    Boron exposure assessment using drinking water and urine in the North of Chile
    (ELSEVIER, 2011) Cortes, S.; Reynaga Delgado, E.; Sancha, A. M.; Ferreccio, C.
    Boron is an essential trace element for plants and humans however it is still an open question what levels of boron are actually safe for humans. This study, conducted between 2006 and 2010, measured exposure levels of boron in drinking water and urine of volunteers in Arica, an area in the North of Chile with high levels of naturally occurring boron. Samples were taken of tap and bottled water (173 and 22, respectively), as well as urine from 22 volunteers, and subsequently analyzed by inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Boron varied in public tap water from 0.22 to 11.3 mg L-1, with a median value of 2.9 mg L-1, while concentrations of boron in bottled water varied from 0.01 to 12.2 mg L-1. Neither tap nor bottled water samples had concentrations of boron within WHO recommended limits. The concentration of boron in urine varied between 0.45 and 17.4 mg L-1, with a median of 4.28 mg L-1 and was found to be correlated with tap water sampled from the homes of the volunteers (r = 0.64). Authors highly recommend that in northern Chile where levels of boron are naturally high - that the tap and bottled water supplies be monitored in order to protect public health and that regulatory standards also be established for boron in drinking water in order to limit exposure. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Early childhood carcinogenic exposures causing lung cancer in young adults
    (LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2006) Smith, A.; Steinmaus, C.; Liaw, J.; Marshall, G.; Yuan, Y.; Ferreccio, C.; Von Ehrenstein, O.
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    Historical exposure to arsenic in drinking water and risk of late fetal and infant mortality - Chile 1950-2005
    (2014) Ríos, P.; Cortés, S.; Villarroel, L.; Ferreccio, C.
    A previous study comparing two Chilean cities demonstrated significant increase in fetal mortality in relation to increase in arsenic (As) exposure. Our aim was to confirm this association increasing size and variation of the comparison group, extending the time interval and measuring additional potential confounders. We used time series analysis of infant mortality indicators. We confirmed the clear excess of risk of late fetal death following the increase of the As concentration in drinking water, and the rapid return to the baseline mortality rate in response to the removal of arsenic after 1973. The effect was lower for neonatal and post-neonatal mortality. This study confirms that fetus is more sensitive to As and that regulations should consider additional protection for pregnant women and small children.
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    Latency pattern of myocardial infarction mortality and arsenic in water in Chile
    (LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2007) Smith, A.; Yuan, Y.; Marshall, G.; Ferreccio, C.; Liaw, J.; Steinmaus, C.
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    Latency Patterns of Kidney Cancer Mortality in Arsenic-Exposed Region II of Chile from 1950 to 2000
    (LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2008) Yuan, Y.; Marshall, G.; Ferreccio, C.; Stemmaus, C.; Smith, A. H.
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    Letalidad del cáncer de vesícula biliar es independiente del lugar de atención o características socio-demográficas. Chile 2002-2005
    (2010) Gabrielli, M.; Hugo, S.; Domínguez, A.; Baez, S.; Venturelli, A.; Puga, M.; Díaz, A.; Jarufe, N.; Ferreccio, C.
    Background: Chile has the highest gallbladder cancer (GBC) death rate world-wide, affecting mainly Southern areas of the country. Aim: To compare the survival of GBC patients treated in hospitals located in areas with low and high risk for GBC. Material and Methods: Medical records of all patients with GBC admitted to one public hospital located in southern Chile, a public hospital and a private clinic, both located in Metropolitan Santiago, were reviewed. Cases were analyzed by age, sex, stage at diagnosis, ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES) and rural residence. Survival was calculated using Kaplan Meier method. Results: A total of 598 cases (469 women), were analyzed. No differences in age or sex among hospitals were detected. At the moment of diagnosis, 75, 50 and 44% of cases from the hospital in southern Chile, the public hospital in Santiago and the private clinic in Santiago, were in stage IV, respectively. Five years survival was lower in the public hospital in southern Chile than in the public hospital in Santiago (10.7 and 14.4% respectively, p < 0.05) but not statistically different from the figure at the private clinic in Santiago (13.0%). However, when adjusting for stage at the moment of diagnosis, no difference in survival between the three hospitals, was found. The median days of survival were 1,559, 188, 70 and 69 for stages I, II, III and IV respectively. Conclusions: GBC mortality is high. The stage at the moment of diagnosis is only significant predictor of survival.