Browsing by Author "Farfán Cabello, Emilio Erasmo"

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    Absence of musculocutaneous nerve associated with the presence of an accessory head of the biceps brachii muscle: report of a bilateral case and its clinical implications
    (2023) Farfán Cabello, Emilio Erasmo; Araya, Felipe; Barroilhet Castillo, Manuel; Cornejo, Francisco; Gutierrez, Agustin; Vergara, Matias; Inzunza Hernández, Oscar Alejandro; Sanchez, Natalia; Tramolao Osses, Jaritza Andrea; Inostroza, Veronica
    The anatomical variants of the biceps brachii muscle (BBM) are frequent, mostly unilaterally than bilaterally, and are associated with supernumerary muscle bellies, the total absence of the muscle or one of its heads, and variations in the points of origin and insertion. In the same way, the variants of the musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) can include alterations in its course, number of branches, or anatomical relations, whereas its absence is considered an atypical variation. The aim of this work was to report the absence of musculocutaneous nerve associated with the presence of one accessory head of the biceps brachii muscle. Dissection of a female cadaver, fixed in 10% buff- ered formaldehyde, which did not present previous surgeries in the studied area was performed. Variations were noted in both upper limbs related to accessory muscle bellies and change in innervation. Anatomical relations of muscles and nerves were determined by following proximal to distal ends, relation, vascularization, and innervation pattern. The absence of MCN associated with the presence of one accessory head of the BBM were found bilaterally. These anatomical variations are atypical. Clinically, these variations can produce compressive symptoms that could generate confusing diagnostics and conduce to unnecessary procedures on the arm, inducing iatrogenic actions.
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    Academic benefits of using cadaveric material in health sciences education: Report of an experience
    (2023) Farfán Cabello, Emilio Erasmo; Inzunza Hernández, Oscar Alejandro
    The use of cadaveric material to study anato-my has been curbed by the requirements for its maintenance and use and by the anatomical con-tents in medical curricula, negatively affecting students. This study aimed to demonstrate the reported benefits of using cadaveric material in teaching anatomy. The benefits were categorized into 3 groups: audiovisual resources, teaching, and institutional cooperation and research. 1) Au-diovisual resources: 2234 photographs, 256 vid-eos, 16 websites, 28 anatomical replicas using 3D printing, the Laminario Anatomico, and a gym-khana online simulator. Students were surveyed about their perception and use of these resources. Their responses indicate they are considered use-ful tools for teaching and learning. 2) Teaching: all the practical activities with cadaveric materi- al are comprehensively undertaken in different formats every year. 15 undergraduate programs have prosection activities, 9 graduate degree programs and 4 post-graduate qualification pro- grams have prosection and dissection activities, and 22 graduate degree programs have cadaveric surgical training. 3) Institutional cooperation and research: 2 doctoral theses, 1 master's thesis, and 37 publications. The use of cadaveric material is a contribution that strengthens all aspects of aca-demia in the development of both instructors and institutions.
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    Innervation patterns of hamstring muscles, including morphological descriptions and clinical implication
    (2024) Farfán Cabello, Emilio Erasmo; Rojas, Santiago; Olive-Vilas, Ramón; Rodríguez Baeza, Alfonso
    Purpose: The hamstrings muscles are innervated by sciatic nerve branches. However, previous studies assessing which and how many branches innervate each muscle have yielded discrepant results. This study investigated the innervation patterns of hamstrings. Materials and methods: Thirty-five cadaver limbs were investigated. The average age of subjects was 78.6 ± 17.2 years, with 48.6% male and 51.4% female, while 57.1% were right limbs and 42.9% left. The sciatic nerve, hamstrings and associated structures were dissected. The number of nerve branches for each muscle and the level where they penetrated the muscle were recorded. Results: The sciatic nerve was connected by a fibrous band to the long head of the biceps femoris. This muscle was innervated by either one or two branches, which penetrated the muscle into its superior or middle third. The short head of the biceps femoris was innervated by a single nerve that usually penetrated its middle third, but sometimes inferiorly or, less commonly, superiorly. The semitendinosus was always innervated by two branches, the superior branch penetrating its upper third, the inferior mostly the middle third. The semimembranosus usually was innervated by a single nerve branch that penetrated the muscle at its middle or lower third. Four specimens revealed common nerves that innervated than one muscle. Conclusions: We have characterized hamstring innervation patterns, knowledge that is relevant to neurolysis, surgery of the thigh, and other procedures. Moreover, a mechanical connection between the sciatic nerve and biceps femoris long head was identified that could explain certain neuralgias.
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    Músculos Isquiotibiales. Análisis de su Uso y Propuesta de Inclusión en Terminologia Anatomica
    (2024) Farfán Cabello, Emilio Erasmo; Urbina Pennacchiotti, Damián Anibal; Uribe Vargas, Joaquín Esteban; Ferreira Andonie, Gabriel Alejandro; Inzunza Hernández, Óscar Alejandro; Riveros, A.V.
    Terminologia Anatomica Internacional publicada el año 2019 en inglés y el 2001 en español contiene los nombres oficiales de las estructuras anatómicas. Sin embargo, existen términos que no están incluidos en esta terminología, y son ampliamente utilizados, es el caso del término músculos isquiotibiales. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la utilización del término músculos isquiotibiales, músculos del compartimento femoral posterior y músculos del compartimento femoral flexor. Se realizó una revisión narrativa que incluyó 37 libros de anatomía, 3 diccionarios de terminología médica y biológica, 10 bases de datos y 15 recursos digitales. En los libros publicados después del año 2001 el 55,6 % utilizaba el término músculos isquiotibiales y el 18,5 % utilizó músculos del compartimento femoral posterior. En ningún diccionario se encontró el uso de los términos músculos isquiotibiales, músculos del compartimento femoral posterior ni músculos del compartimento femoral flexor. En las bases de datos se encontraron 12.104 artículos con el término músculos isquiotibiales, cinco con el término músculos del compartimento femoral posterior y uno con el término músculos del compartimento femoral flexor. En los recursos digitales de anatomía el 50 % utilizaba el término músculos isquiotibiales, el 37,5 % el término músculos del compartimento femoral posterior y el 12,5 % músculos del compartimento femoral flexor. En conclusión, el uso del término músculos isquiotibiales supera ampliamente al uso de los términos indicados por Terminologia Anatomica Internacional. Adicionalmente, este término es anatómicamente descriptivo y unívoco. Al respecto, parece apropiado valorar la incorporación del término músculos isquiotibiales en Terminologia Anatomica Internacional.
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    Systematic review and meta-analysis of right subclavian artery variants and their correlation with cervical-thoracic clinical conditions
    (2024) Valenzuela Fuenzalida, Juan José; Orellana Donoso, Mathias; Pérez Jímenez, Daniela; Farfán Cabello, Emilio Erasmo; Gold Semmler, Marjorie; Becerra Farfán, Álvaro; Román, Camila; Nova Baeza, Pablo
    BACKGROUND: A high incidence of anatomical variations in the origin of the branches of the aortic arch has been reported, Nowadays, this variation is considered the most frequent in the aortic arch, its prevalence being estimated between 0.5% and 2.5% of the population. To understand its origin, knowledge of embryonic development is necessary. METHODS: We searched the MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Latin-American literature and caribean of health sciences databases with dates ranging from their inception to June 2023. Study selection, data extraction, and methodological quality were assessed with the guaranteed tool for anatomical studies (Anatomical Quality Assurance). Finally, the pooled prevalence was estimated using a random effects model. RESULTS: Thirty-nine studies were found that met the eligibility criteria. Twenty studies with a total of 41,178 subjects were included in the analysis. The overall prevalence of an ARSA variant was 1% (95% confidence interval = 1%-2%), the clinical findings found are that if ARSA is symptomatic it could produce changes in the hemodynamic function of the thoracocervical region in addition to other associated symptomatic complications in surrounding structures. CONCLUSIONS: ARSA can cause several types of alterations in the cervical or thoracic region, resulting in various clinical complications, such as lusory dysphagia. Hence, knowing this variant is extremely important for surgeons, especially those who treat the cervico-thoracic region. The low prevalence of ARSA means that many professionals are completely unaware of its existence and possible course and origin. Therefore, this study provides detailed knowledge of ARSA so that professionals can make better diagnoses and treatment of ARSA.