Browsing by Author "Echeverria, Guadalupe"

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    Una alimentación poco saludable se asocia a mayor prevalencia de síndrome metabólico en la población adulta chilena : estudio de corte transversal en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2009-2010
    (2015) Dussaillant, Catalina; Echeverria, Guadalupe; Villarroel del Pino, Luis A.; Marín Larraín, Pedro Paulo; Rigotti Rivera, Attilio
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    Assessment of Diet Quality in Chilean Urban Population through the Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010: A Cross-Sectional Study
    (2019) Pinto, Victoria; Landaeta-Diaz, Leslie; Castillo, Oscar; Villarroel, Luis; Rigotti, Attilio; Echeverria, Guadalupe
    Most worldwide causes of disease and death are strongly associated with dietary factors and the application of eating indexes has proved to be a useful tool to determine diet quality in populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diet quality in Chile through the application of the Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI-2010). A representative sample (n = 879) of Chilean urban population aged 15-65 years old from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (Estudio Latinoamericano de Nutricion y Salud; ELANS) was used. Dietary intake data were obtained through two 24-hour food recalls and one beverage frequency questionnaire, which were used to calculate AHEI-2010 and its association with sociodemographic and anthropometric variables. In this Chilean sample, the AHEI-2010 score was 43.7 +/- 7.8 points (mean +/- SD). Trans fats and sodium intake were the highest scoring AHEI-2010 components whereas sugar-sweetened beverages and whole grains had the lowest score. Women, older subjects, and individuals in medium-high socioeconomic levels had significantly higher mean AHEI-2010 scores. No association was found between AHEI-2010 and body mass index (BMI), or nutritional status. Conclusions: Diet quality in the Chilean urban population aged 15-65 years old is far from optimal. Thus, there is room for significant improvement of diet quality in Chile through design and implementation of public health policies, particularly in high-risk groups for chronic diseases.
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    Association between serum sphingolipids and eudaimonic well-being in white US adults
    (2021) Berkowitz, Loni; Henriquez, Marcela P.; Salazar, Cristian; Rojas, Eric; Echeverria, Guadalupe; Love, Gayle D.; Rigotti, Attilio; Coe, Christopher L.; Ryff, Carol D.
    Emerging research has linked psychological well-being with many physiological markers as well as morbidity and mortality. In this analysis, the relationship between components of eudaimonic well-being and serum sphingolipids levels was investigated using data from a large national survey of middle-aged American adults (Midlife in the United States). Health behaviors (i.e., diet, exercise, and sleep) were also examined as potential mediators of these relationships. Serum levels of total ceramides-the main molecular class of sphingolipids previously associated with several disease conditions-were inversely linked with environmental mastery. In addition, significant correlations were found between specific ceramide, dihydroceramide, and hexosylceramides species with environmental mastery, purpose in life, and self-acceptance. Using hierarchical regression and mediation analyses, health behaviors appeared to mediate these associations. However, the link between ceramides and environmental mastery was partially independent of health behaviors, suggesting the role of additional mediating factors. These findings point to sphingolipid metabolism as a novel pathway of health benefits associated with psychological well-being. In particular, having a sense of environmental mastery may promote restorative behaviors and benefit health via improved blood sphingolipid profiles.
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    Breakfast skipping, nutritional status, and physical activity in a middle-aged Latin American population: a population-based study from Ecuador
    (2019) Lara, Melissa; Sisa, Ivan; Cecilia Yepez, Martha; Fisberg, Mauro; Kovalskys, Irina; Salas, Georgina Gomez; Rigotti, Attilio; Sanabria, Lilia Yadira Cortes; Garcia, Martha Cecilia Yepez; Torres, Rossina Gabriella Pareja; Herrera-Cuenca, Marianella; Koletzko, Berthold; Moreno, Luis A.; Pratt, Michael; Tucker, Katherine L.; Guajardo, Viviana; Zalcman Zimberg, Iona; Paz Amigo, Maria; Janezic, Ximena; Cardini, Fernando; Echeverria, Guadalupe; Landaeta, Leslie; Castillo, Oscar; Cortes Sanabria, Lilia Yadira; Nayibe Vargas, Luz; Fernanda Tobar, Luisa; Milena Castillo, Yuri; Gomez, Georgina; Monge Rojas, Rafael; Chinnock, Anne; Cecilia, Martha; Garcia, Yepez; Villar Caceres, Monica; Belen Ocampo, Maria; Pareja Torres, Rossina; Reyna Liria, Maria; Meza, Krysty; Abad, Mellisa; Penny, Mary; Landaeta, Maritza; Mendez, Betty; Vasquez, Maura; Ramirez, Guillermo; Hernandez, Pablo; Chiavegatto Filho, Alexandre D. P.; Bezerra Goncalves, Priscila; Alberico, Claudia; Ferrari, Gerson Luis de Moraes; Previdelli, Agatha Nogueira; Aparecida Grande de Franca, Natasha
    Introduction: the failure to eat breakfast has been associated with weight gain, a lower level of physical activity, and poor diet quality.
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    Current folate status in Chilean women of childbearing age: findings from the 2016-2017 National Health Survey
    (2019) Busso, Dolores; Echeverria, Guadalupe; Morales, Fernanda; Farias, Marcelo; Margozzini, Paula
    Introduction: Mandatory folic acid (FA) fortification is an effective policy to ensure adequate preconceptional serum folate (SF) levels in women and to reduce the incidence of neural tube defects (NTD). In Chile, FA fortification of wheat flour started in 2000 and significantly reduced NTD prevalence. In 2010, 1:2 Chileans over 65 years old had supraphysiological SF levels. In 2012, FA fortification was reduced from 2.2 to 1.8 mg FA/kg flour. Considering the epidemiological transition in Chile over the last decades and the adjustment of the FA fortification policy in 2012, this study was aimed at describing the current SF levels in women of reproductive age in our country. Methods: 225 women (15-49 years) who participated in the Chilean National Health Survey (NHS) 2016-17 were included in this analysis. NHS 2016-17 used stratified multistage sampling. SF levels were determined by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, and defined as deficient (≤4.4 ng/ml), normal (4.41 to 20 ng/ml) and supraphysiological [three subcategories: high (20.01 to 25.6 ng/ml), very high (25.61 to 29 ng/ml) and highest (>29 ng/ml)]. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed using SPSS software (version 17.0). Results: The proportions of women in each decade of life were representative of the national proportions. More than 99% of the women came from urban areas, and near 91% had medium or high educational level. Only 32% of the women declared being current smokers, and 88% declared they were sedentary. Almost 70% of subjects were either overweight or obese, reflecting the current nutritional status of the Chilean population. The SF mean ± SE, median and range were 14.20 ± 0.39, 13.52 and 2.10 - 32.22 ng/ml, respectively. Folate deficiency was present in 0.9% of the women studied, while 7% had supraphysiological levels of the vitamin (3.7% high, 1.6% very high and 1.7% highest levels). Multivariate analyses using linear regression did not show that age, educational level, marital status, parity, smoker/non-smoker or nutritional status had significant effects on FS levels. Conclusion: Folate deficiency in women of reproductive age living in the Metropolitan Region is almost inexistent according to the NHS 2016- 17, showing that most Chilean women are protected from NTD due to folate deficiency. Supraphysiological SF levels were found in 7% of the studied population, lower than the 50% determined in elderly subjects in 2010. Specific policies to reduce the proportion of Chileans at high risk of SF deficiency or excess, in combination with surveillance of FA fortification in flour mills, may help to avoid potential unintended effects of FA fortification in this country. Funding: Chilean Ministry of Health and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.
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    Dispositional Mindfulness Reduces Burnout and Promotes Flourishing in Medical Students: a Two-Wave Latent Change Score Model
    (2022) Zuniga, Denisse; Torres-Sahli, Manuel; Rigotti, Attilio; Pedrals, Nuria; Echeverria, Guadalupe; Padilla, Oslando; Lagos, Alejandra; McColl, Peter; Trucco, Olivia; Cisternas, Marcela; Gonzalez, Carolina; Bogado, Justo; Moraga, Ana Maria; Altamirano, Patricio; Duran, Esperanza; Mansilla, Marcela; Berrios, Carolina; Epstein, Ronald; Bitran, Marcela
    Objectives Many studies document the high prevalence of burnout among medical students. This syndrome may lead to depression, suicidal ideation, and increased academic dropout. However, there is a scarcity of evidence-based interventions to prevent it. The aim of this longitudinal study was to identify factors that may reduce students' burnout and foster their well-being, and upon which effective interventions can be developed. Methods A total of 1,117 medical students from eight Chilean universities were asked to complete a set of validated scales in 2015 and 2 years later, in 2017. The measures included distress, burnout, positive mental health, academic engagement, and dispositional mindfulness. Using logistic regressions and a two-wave latent change score model, the predictive power of these variables on burnout and flourishing (an optimal state of mental health) was studied, as well as their covariance across time. Results In total, 639 (57.2%) students answered the questionnaires in T1 and T2; 54.4% reported burnout in T1 and 56.2% in T2. Levels of dispositional mindfulness (the ability to pay attention to one's sensations, thoughts, and emotions in everyday life) predicted lower probabilities of burning out at 2 years, whereas having experienced burnout in T1 doubled these odds. Dispositional mindfulness, academic engagement, and flourishing at T1 predicted greater odds of flourishing 2 years later, while depression decreased these odds. Conclusions Dispositional mindfulness was the most powerful predictive factor of students' burnout and flourishing. As dispositional mindfulness can be nurtured through practice, incorporating mindfulness training into undergraduate medical programs may help reduce burnout and promote students' well-being as health professionals.
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    Folate status in women of childbearing age in the Urban Metropolitan Region of Chile: results from the National Health Survey 2016-2017
    (CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 2021) Busso, Dolores; Echeverria, Guadalupe; Passi Solar, Alvaro; Morales, Fernanda; Farias, Marcelo; Margozzini, Paula
    Objective: To analyse serum folate levels in women of childbearing age in the Metropolitan Region (MR) of Chile.
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    Health impact of Mediterranean diets in food at work
    (CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 2009) Leighton, Federico; Polic, Gianna; Strobel, Pablo; Perez, Druso; Martinez, Carlos; Vasquez, Luis; Castillo, Oscar; Villarroel, Luis; Echeverria, Guadalupe; Urquiaga, Ines; Mezzano, Diego; Rozowski, Jaime
    Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of diet mediterranisation, in a food-at-work context, and its consequence on metabolic syndrome in a mid-age unselected healthy male Population group.
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    Improvement in adherence to Mediterranean diet in children attending preschool centers
    (2024) Jobet, Emilia; Loyola, Maria Ines; Ortiz, Carolina; Rigotti, Attilio; Echeverria, Guadalupe; Mallea, Claudia; Barja, Salesa
    Background: the Mediterranean diet has been associated with a lower prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome, and with healthier lifestyles in adults and children, but data is scarce in younger ages. The Mediterranean -type ecosystem of the central region of Chile as well as its traditional gastronomy would facilitate the adoption of this dietary pattern. Objectives: to assess the adherence to Mediterranean diet in preschoolers and their parents, and to evaluate the impact of a nutrition education intervention and diet implementation. Methods: prospective cohort study. The KidMed index was applied to children older than 18 months, and the Mediterranean Dietary Index in Chile (Chilean-MDI) to their parents, before and after a remote educational intervention. Results: one hundred and thirty-nine families participated, with 95 preschoolers; 56 % were girls, aged 26.2 +/- 8.7 months. The basal mean KidMed score was 7.4 +/- 1.9 and increased to 7.9 +/- 1.9 after the intervention (p = 0.1). The Chilean-MDI score was 6.9 +/- 1.8 and 7.1 +/- 1.7, respectively (p = 0.09). When separated by categories, there was improvement from low and moderate adherence to optimal adherence in both children and their parents (Chi2, p = 0.009 y p = 0.04). In 58 dyads, there was a positive correlation between the KidMed and the Chilean-MDI index, pre- and post -intervention (Pearson R = 0.3 y 0.34; p = 0.004 y 0.003, respectively). Conclusions: most of these sample of preschoolers and their parents had a moderate adherence to Mediterranean diet, with an improvement after an educational intervention.
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    Intake of red wine grape pomace decreased atherosclerosis, attenuated myocardial damage and increased survival in a murine model of lethal coronary heart disease
    (MDPI, 2019) Salas Perez, Francisca Lorena; Rivera Vega, Katherine Solange; Echeverria, Guadalupe; Urquiaga, Ines; Dicenta, Sara; Perez, Druso; Andia, Marcelo; Uribe, Sergio; Tejos, Cristian; Busso, Dolores; Irarrazaval Mena, Pablo; Rigotti, Attilio
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    Intake of Vitamin E and C in Women of Reproductive Age: Results from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS)
    (2021) Busso, Dolores; David, Andrea; Penailillo, Reyna; Echeverria, Guadalupe; Rigotti, Attilio; Kovalskys, Irina; Gomez, Georgina; Cortes Sanabria, Lilia Yadira; Yepez Garcia, Martha Cecilia; Pareja, Rossina G.; Herrera-Cuenca, Marianella; Fisberg, Mauro
    Vitamin E was identified as a lipophilic compound essential to maintain rat pregnancy. Low vitamin E intake during early pregnancy associates with congenital malformations and embryonic loss in animals and with miscarriage and intrauterine growth restriction in humans. Vitamin E protects cell membranes from lipoperoxidation and exerts non-antioxidant activities. Its function can be restored by vitamin C; thus, intake and circulating levels of both micronutrients are frequently analyzed together. Although substantial vitamin E inadequacy was reported worldwide, its consumption in Latin America (LatAm) is mostly unknown. Using data from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (Estudio Latinoamericano de Nutricion y Salud, ELANS), we evaluated vitamin E and C intake in women of reproductive age (WRA) from eight LatAm countries and identified their main food sources. Two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls in 3704 women aged from 15 to 49 years and living in urban locations showed low average intake of vitamin E (7.9 mg/day vs. estimated average requirement (EAR) of 12 mg/day) and adequate overall vitamin C consumption (95.5 mg/day vs. EAR of 60 mg/day). The mean regional inadequacy was 89.6% for vitamin E and 36.3% for vitamin C. The primary food sources of vitamin E were fats and oils, as well as vegetables. Vitamin C intake was explained mainly by the consumption of fruit juices, fruits, and vegetables. Combined deficient intake of both vitamins was observed in 33.7% of LatAm women. Although the implications of low antioxidant vitamins' consumption in WRA are still unclear, the combined deficient intake of both vitamins observed in one-third of ELANS participants underscores the need for further research on this topic.
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    Limitations and opportunities for the appropriation of the Mediterranean diet in Chilean adults with diagnostic elements of metabolic syndrome
    (2024) Calderon, Maribel; Plaza, Gianella; Gomez, Marisol; Samith, Barbara; Pinto, Victoria; Martinez, Ximena; Sara, Daniela; Echeverria, Guadalupe; Calzada, Mariana; Berkowitz, Loni; von Schultzendorf, Andrea; Pedrals, Nuria; Bitran, Marcela; Rigotti, Attilio
    Background: a healthy food intake pattern, specifically the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), is a factor associated with reduced risk, lower prevalence, and better management of chronic diseases. However, there is limited information regarding how patients integrate proposals for adherence to this food pattern in their daily lives. Objective: to identify factors and conditions that influence adherence to the MedDiet in Chile. Methods: an exploratory qualitative study was applied in 35 to 65 -year -old patients of both sexes who presented at least one diagnostic criterion of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Through in-depth interviews and focal groups, knowledge, assessment, attitudes, and practices associated with changes and maintenance of healthy eating habits, with emphasis on the MedDiet, were investigated. Information analysis was carried out under the grounded theory approach using the ATLAS.ti software. Results: participants recognized the value of healthy eating, including the MedDiet, but declared low knowledge (identification of single foods items) together with facilitators (variety of ingredients) and limiting factors (taste, availability/cost of some items, family dynamics) for its routine adoption. In addition, change in eating habits generates a high initial cognitive and emotional load that requires not only individual but also relational effort as it implies modifications of family and collective practices. Conclusions: information obtained on barriers and opportunities to adhere to healthy eating such as the MedDiet is key to design and implement nutritional interventions based on this food pattern and that can be sustainable in time for chronic disease management in Chile.
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    Reduced burnout and higher mindfulness in medical students after a self-care program during the COVID-19 pandemic
    (2021) Zuniga, Denisse; Torres-Sahli, Manuel; Nitsche, Pia; Echeverria, Guadalupe; Pedrals, Nuria; Grassi, Bruno; Cisternas, Marcela; Rigotti, Attilio; Bitran, Marcela
    Background: Medical students experience high levels of psychological stress during clinical training. However, most medical curricula do not teach self-care skills. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted medical education causing increased distress among students. Aim: To report the implementation and impact of an eight-week multifaceted mindfulness-based self-care program on medical students' distress and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: One hundred twenty-three fourth-year medical students attended the program as part of a mandatory course from April to May 2020, during the rising phase of COVID-19 in Chile. They were evaluated using validated tests before and immediately after the program. The measures included burnout, dispositional mindfulness, perceived stress, traumatic stress reactions, general well-being, resilience, and stress coping strategies. Results: Burnout prevalence decreased from 48% to 24%, whereas students with high dispositional mindfulness increased from 25% to 44%. Burnout reduction was mostly due to decreased emotional exhaustion. Additionally, students reported lower levels of stress, self-blaming, and traumatic stress reactions alongside an increased use of active coping strategies and resilience levels after the program. Conclusions: A formal educational intervention, teaching self-awareness and self-regulation skills can help reduce medical students' distress and promote their well-being even amidst a pandemic.
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    Validation of self-applicable questionnaire for a Mediterranean dietary index in Chile
    (SOC MEDICA SANTIAGO, 2016) Echeverria, Guadalupe; Urquiaga, Ines; Jose Concha, Maria; Dussaillant, Catalina; Villarroel, Luis; Velasco, Nicolas; Leighton, Federico; Rigotti, Attilio
    Background: Availability of brief dietary indexes that can effectively evaluate dietary patterns and their association with health is critical for prevention and management of several chronic disease conditions. Aim: To adapt a self-applicable Mediterranean Dietary Index in Chile (Chilean-MDI). Material and Methods: The Chilean-MDI was developed based on a previous Mediterranean eating score that was adapted to Chilean dietary habits. This index was further validated in a sample of 153 adults by comparing the concordance between the results obtained by self-application of the Chilean-MDI with those obtained by a trained nutritionist. Additionally, the index was applied in a sample of 53,366 Chilean adults in order to describe the diet quality of our population. Results: There was an adequate concordance between findings obtained by self-application of the Chilean-MDI and those achieved by the nutritionist. The application of the index in Chilean adult population showed abetter diet quality (high Mediterranean diet adherence) among women, with advanced age and among people with higher educational levels. Conclusions: The Chilean-MDI can be successfully self-applied to portray the overall diet quality in the Chilean adult population. Additionally, this dietary index describes overall food intake in Chilean adults, showing demographic trends that are comparable to those obtained with similar indexes applied in other populations.