Browsing by Author "Cigarroa, Igor"

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    Características y efectos de los programas de ejercicio físico para personas mayores sobrevivientes de cáncer: Una revisión de alcance
    (2022) Cigarroa, Igor; Díaz, Estefanía; Ortiz, Constanza; Otero, Raquel; Cantarero, Irene; Petermann-Rocha, Fanny; Parra-Soto, Solange; Zapata-Lamana, Rafael; Toloza Ramírez, David Isaias
    En la literatura existe discrepancia sobre las características y los efectos de los programas basados en el ejercicio físico en sobrevivientes de cáncer (SC) de edad avanzada. Por lo tanto, esta revisión de alcance tuvo como objetivo identificar las características y los efectos de los programas de actividad física en la salud de personas SC de edad avanzada. Esta revisión de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y ensayos clínicos, se realizó considerando las siguientes bases de datos: MEDLINE (de Pubmed), Scopus, Scielo y PEDro, entre los años 2010 y 2020. Los resultados indican que los programas de ejercicio se realizaron en centros de salud (54.2%), y se basaron en ejercicio físico principalmente (74.4%). La extensión de las intervenciones físicas fue entre 3–6 meses (87.5%), se realizaron 2–3 veces por semana (73.1%) con una duración entre 20–60 minutos, y fueron dirigidas por profesionales de salud (94.4%). El impacto sobre la salud con mayores efectos positivos fueron la actividad física, la depresión y la calidad de vida. En conclusión, los programas de ejercitación física para personas SC en edad avanzada, basados en ejercicios aeróbicos son seguros y podrían ser una estrategia terapéutica para mejorar diferentes variables de salud en este grupo de personas.
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    Efectos de programas basados en artes marciales sobre rasgos autistas en niños y adolescentes: una revisión sistemática
    (2024) Cigarroa, Igor; Riquelme-Hernández, Cristóbal; Reyes-Barría, Juan Pablo; Vargas, Abner; Zapata-Lamana, Rafael; Gutiérrez Echavarría, María Aurora; Sepúlveda-Martín, Sonia; Toloza Ramírez, David Isaias; Maruntoiu, Sandra
    Introduction: Over the years, there has been an increase in the prevalence of Autism. It has been shown that martial arts are an effective intervention in controlling the symptoms of children and adolescents. However, there needs to be reviews that focus on synthesizing this evidence. Objective: Synthesize the current information on the effects and characteristics of carrying out martial arts programs and their effects on autistic traits in children and adolescents. Methodology: Systematic review that adheres to the Prisma 2020 declaration. The search was carried out in the Scielo, PubMed, Pedro, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, Springer Link, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect databases, and randomized and non-randomized clinical trials were selected. Results: Martial arts as a therapeutic intervention had statistically significant beneficial effects on stereotyped behavior 100% (5 of 5 studies), social interaction 100% (3 of 3 studies), emotion management 100% (3 of 3 studies), regulation of behavior 75% (3 of 4 studies), behavioral problems 75% (3 of 4 studies) and difficulty communicating 75% (3 of 4 studies). The most widely used martial art as a therapeutic intervention program was karate. Conclusion: The most evaluated areas in autistic treats are stereotyped behaviors, behavioral problems, social interaction, and communication difficulties. Finally, it was observed that the martial arts programs had favorable effects on ASD symptoms in behavioral, social, and communication skills.
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    Effects of the Practice of Movement Representation Techniques in People Undergoing Knee and Hip Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review
    (2022) Riquelme-Hernández, Cristóbal; Reyes-Barría, Juan Pablo; Vargas, Abner; González-Robaina, Yaynel; Zapata-Lamana, Rafael; Toloza Ramírez, David Isaias; Parra-Rizo, María Antonia; Cigarroa, Igor
    Objective: To analyze the effects of movement representation techniques (MRT) combined with conventional physical therapy (CFT) in people undergoing knee and hip arthroplasty compared to conventional physical therapy alone in terms of results in physical and functionality variables, cognitive function, and quality of life. Methodology: the review was carried out according to the criteria of the PRISMA statement, considering studies in the electronic databases PubMed/Medline, Pubmed Central/Medline, Web of Science, EBSCO, and ScienceDirect. Results: MRT plus CFT generated therapeutic effects in some aspects of the physical variables: 100% pain (7 of 7 studies); 100% strength (5 out of 5 studies); range of motion 87.5% (7 out of 8 studies); 100% speed (1 of 1 study), functional variables: 100% gait (7 of 7 studies); functional capacity 87.5% (7 out of 8 studies); cognitive variables: 100% motor visualization ability (2 out of 2 studies); cognitive performance 100% (2 of 2 studies); and quality of life 66.6% (2 of 3 studies). When comparing its effects with conventional physical therapy, the variables that reported the greatest statistically significant changes were motor visualization ability, speed, pain, strength and gait. The most used MRT was motor imagery (MI), and the average time extension of therapies was 3.5 weeks. Conclusions: movement representation techniques combined with conventional physical therapy are an innocuous and low-cost therapeutic intervention with therapeutic effects in patients with knee arthroplasty (KA) and hip arthroplasty (HA), and this combination generates greater therapeutic effects in physical, functional, and cognitive variables than conventional physical therapy alone.
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    Handgrip strength as a predictor of adverse health outcomes
    (2022) Concha-Cisternas, Yeny; Petermann-Rocha, Fanny; Castro-Pinero, Jose; Parra, Solage; Albala, Cecilia; Van De Wyngard, Vanessa; Vasquez, Jaime; Cigarroa, Igor; Celis-Morales, Carlos
    Muscle strength can be measured through different methods and handgrip strength is one of the most used techniques in epidemiological studies. Given its easy application, high reliability, and low cost, it is considered an important health biomarker. Handgrip strength is associated with adverse health outcomes such as mortality and risk of developing chronic diseases, cardiovascular, respiratory, cancer and dementia. There is a paucity of evidence in Chile about the association of handgrip strength with these health outcomes limiting its visibility and implementation in clinical settings. Therefore, this narrative review summarizes the scientific evidence about the association of grip strength with non-communicable chronic diseases and mortality in middle age and older adults.
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    Hearing Loss Rehabilitation and Its Contribution to Cognitive-Linguistic Performance in Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review
    (2025) Mansilla-Jara, Francisca; Julio-Ramos, Teresa; Godoy-Díaz, Álvaro; Solomons, Daniel; Cigarroa, Igor; Toloza Ramírez, David Isaias
    Introduction. Hearing loss (HL) rehabilitation involves using different hearing technologies, such as hearing aids or cochlear implants. The efficacy of HL rehabilitation strategies and their cognitive benefits has been reported for clinical populations, such as those with mild cognitive impairment or dementia. However, up to date, there is no clarity about the cognitive-linguistic implications of HL rehabilitation for healthy older adults. Therefore, increasing knowledge about its benefits in healthy older people is critical to generating early intervention strategies that could delay the progression to pathological stages. Aim. To profile cognitive-linguistic performance after HL rehabilitation in healthy older adults. Methodology. Systematic literature review following the PRISMA guidelines. We included randomized and non-randomized clinical trials from Medline by PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases (January 2000 to May 2024). Results. We identified 410 titles, from which five papers were qualitatively analyzed. Results suggest that after HL rehabilitation, healthy older adults improve their performance in specific abilities such as working memory, delayed recall, attention, semantic and phonological fluency, and language comprehension. We highlight an association between working memory improvement and semantic skills’ benefits, especially in subjects with mild to moderate HL. Conclusion. HL rehabilitation programs should consider cognitive-linguistic stimulation programs in healthy older adults to prevent cognitive dysfunction or neurodegenerative conditions. We only analyzed a few studies; thus, we suggest interpreting the information carefully. Indeed, promoting more follow-up studies to clarify the benefits of using hearing devices and their cognitive-linguistic implications in healthy people is still necessary.
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    Neuropsychological and anatomical-functional effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation in post-stroke patients with cognitive impairment and aphasia: Systematic review
    (2024) Pezoa-Peña, Ignacio; Julio Ramos, Teresa Paz; Cigarroa, Igor; Martella, Diana; Solomons, Daniel; Toloza Ramírez, David Isaias
    Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been found to be promising in the neurorehabilitation of post-stroke patients. Aphasia and cognitive impairment (CI) are prevalent post-stroke; however, there is still a lack of consensus about the characteristics of interventions based on TMS and its neuropsychological and anatomical-functional benefits. Therefore, studies that contribute to creating TMS protocols for these neurological conditions are necessary. To analyze the evidence of the neuropsychological and anatomical-functional TMS effects in post-stroke patients with CI and aphasia and determine the characteristics of the most used TMS in research practice. The present study followed the PRISMA guidelines and included articles from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and EMBASE databases, published between January 2010 and March 2023. In the 15 articles reviewed, it was found that attention, memory, executive function, language comprehension, naming, and verbal fluency (semantic and phonological) are the neuropsychological domains that improved post-TMS. Moreover, TMS in aphasia and post-stroke CI contribute to greater frontal activation (in the inferior frontal gyrus, pars triangularis, and opercularis). Temporoparietal effects were also found. The observed effects occur when TMS is implemented in repetitive modality, at a frequency of 1 Hz, in sessions of 30 min, and that last more than 2 weeks in duration. The use of TMS contributes to the neurorehabilitation process in post-stroke patients with CI and aphasia. However, it is still necessary to standardize future intervention protocols based on accurate TMS characteristics.
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    Neuropsychological and brain atrophy pattern characterization in patients with stroke related to COVID infection: A systematic review
    (2024) Bousek-Barraza, Ivo; Rodríguez-Jorquera, Constanza; Carrasco-Hermosilla, Melissa; Julio-Ramos, Teresa; Jorquera-Araya, José; Cigarroa, Igor; Toloza Ramírez, David Isaias
    Introduction: The high mortality rates in patients with COVID infection have been the main focus of interest in clinical and research practice. COVID infection has also been characterized by its respiratory consequences; however, several studies have reported neurological manifestations in this clinical population (e.g., stroke). From a neurological perspective, patients with stroke related to COVID infection remain challenging as well. No systematic reviews have yet focused on neuropsychological and neuroanatomical correlate profiles. Aim: To characterize the neuropsychological profile and the pattern of brain areas affected in adult and older adults with stroke related to COVID infection. Methods: The present study followed the PRISMA guidelines and included studies from the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences databases, published between January 2020 and September 2022. Results: 7 articles were included in this systematic review for critical analysis. Ischemic stroke was the most reported in patients. Results suggest that the most reported neuropsychological declines are orientation, attention, memory, executive function, visuoconstructive skills, and language. The pattern of brain areas also considers right lesions in cortical and subcortical regions. Conclusion: In patients with COVID-related strokes, lesions in the left hemisphere or bilateral are common, together with the expression of aphasia. Likewise, our findings reflect only ischemic patients' cognitive and brain features. Therefore, results must be interpreted carefully.
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    Neuropsychological profiles and neural correlates in typical and atypical variants of Alzheimer disease: A systematic qualitative review
    (2022) Fredes-Roa, C.; Gutiérrez-Barría, F.; Ramírez-Bruna, C.; Cigarroa, Igor; Martella, D.; Julio Ramos, Teresa Paz; Méndez Orellana, Carolina Patricia; Toloza Ramírez, David Isaias
    Introduction: Neuropsychological symptoms and cortical atrophy patterns show similarities between typical Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and its variants. Thus, correct diagnosis is difficult, leading to errors in the therapeutic process. Indeed, the challenge in cognitive neuroscience focuses on identifying key features of cognitive-linguistic profiles and improving the knowledge of neural correlates for accurate differential diagnosis between the heterogeneous profiles of typical and atypical AD. Aim: This systematic review aims to describe different AD profiles, considering their neuropsychological symptoms and neural correlates. Methods: The present study followed the PRISMA guidelines and included studies from the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, published between 2011 and 2021. Results: Thirty-one articles were included in this systematic review for critical analysis. Results suggest significant declines in episodic and working memory and executive function. Likewise, in all groups, verbal fluency and visuospatial/visuoconstructive skills declined. However, these symptoms overlap between typical AD, logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia, posterior cortical atrophy, behavioural/dysexecutive or frontal variant AD, and corticobasal syndrome. On the other hand, the neural correlate showed a pattern of atrophy in frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital areas, even compromising the cuneus and precuneus. Conclusion: Spontaneous language and semantic and phonological verbal fluency could be an important biomarker for differential diagnosis between typical AD and its atypical variants. Likewise, clinical assessment should consider using advanced neuroimaging techniques to establish early associations between brain dysfunction and neuropsychological performance, with particular attention to brain areas such as the cuneus and precuneus.
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    Perfil de efectividad y seguridad de preparaciones orales de cannabis para el tratamiento de epilepsias refractarias en la población infantojuvenil. Una revisión de alcance
    (2023) Burgos, Bernardo; Cigarroa, Igor; Toloza Ramírez, David Isaias
    Introduction: Refractory epilepsies (RE) are a common neurological condition expressed in childhood and adulthood, highlighting the current use of cannabis as an alternative treatment. Oral Cannabis Preparations (OCP) have demonstrated effectiveness in the adult population; however, knowledge is limited in the infant-young population. Aim: To synthesize the available evidence on the efficacy and safety of OCP for the treatment of refractory epilepsies in the infant-young population. Methods: The present study followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines and included studies from January 2013 until December 2020 from electronic databases, including SciELO, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Web of Science. Results: 7 articles were included in this scoping review for critical analysis. The results indicate that pharmaceutical and artisanal origin OCP has 41.3% effectiveness in reducing seizures and low safety after administration (27.4%). Likewise, after administration, the most frequent adverse symptoms were somnolence/fatigue, weight loss/decreased appetite, and irritability/ aggressiveness. Conclusion: The low levels of effectiveness and safety of OCP suggest that they should be administered with caution and as a complementary treatment and not as the first choice for managi ng RE in the infant-young population.
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    Perfiles cognitivos-lingüísticos en personas mayores con Deterioro Cognitivo Leve, Demencia Vascular, Demencia con Cuerpos de Lewy y Enfermedad de Parkinson
    (2022) Malpu-Wiederhold, Caterine; Farias Ulloa, Camila Belén; Cigarroa, Igor; Martella, Diana; Foncea González, Camila Paz; Julio Ramos, Teresa Paz; Méndez Orellana, Carolina Patricia; Toloza Ramírez, David Isaias
    Introduction: There is a wide heterogeneity of neuropsychological symptoms reported in pathological ageing. Current research has focused on patients with Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. However, still no detailed knowledge of the cognitive-linguistic profiles in patients whit Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and other forms of dementia. Objective: To characterize cognitive and linguistic profiles in older people with MCI, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and Parkinson's disease. Methods: The present study followed the PRISMA guidelines and included studies from the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, published between 2000 and 2020. Results: 49 articles were included in this literature review for critical analysis. Older people with MCI, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and Parkinson's disease shows a significant decline in the following cognitive domains: memory, executive function, attention, and visuospatial/visuoconstructive skills. However, linguistic symptoms are also reported, especially the deficit in verbal fluency (semantic and phonological) and syntactic-grammatical and discursive skills. Conclusion: This literature review characterized cognitive-linguistic profiles in older people with MCI, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and Parkinson's disease. These profiles could be helpful in clinical practice to improve early neuropsychological assessment processes and even determine differential diagnoses between these clinical conditions.