Browsing by Author "Chamorro, A."
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- ItemCharacterization of unbound and stabilized granular materials using field strains in low volume roads(2018) Gonzalez, A.; Chamorro, A.; Barrios, I; Osorio, A.
- ItemDevelopment and comparison of seismic fragility curves for bridges based on empirical and analytical approaches(2021) Allen, E.; Amaya, T.; Chamorro, A.; Santa María, H.; Baratta, F.; de Solminihac, H.; Echaveguren, T.The bridge network is an essential part of the transportation infrastructure for mobility. However, bridges are susceptible to seismic activity that produces damages and affects the entire transportation system. Their fragilities have been studied based mostly on analytical models but neglecting empirical data from reports. Few studies compared fragility curves from different development methods, analyzing their similarities, advantages, and limitations for a better risk assessment. This article aims to develop and compare fragility curves for bridges based on empirical and analytical methods. The empirical approach is based on damage reports from the 8.8Mw Maule earthquake, while the analytical approach is based on numerical simulations of the seismic response using ground motion components from stations that recorded the Maule earthquake. The curves are developed for bridges with steel and concrete beams, representative of 57% of Chilean bridges. The comparative Kolmogorov-Smirnov test revealed significant compatibility in moderate and severe damage curves when comparing these approaches, unlike the slight damage curves. The lognormal mean parameter varies between the methods by 36%, 1.5%, and 7.5% for the slight, moderate, and severe damage curves respectively for a particular bridge configuration, showing considerable differences in the slight damage curve between methods.
- ItemEarthquake response sensitivity of complex infrastructure networks(2020) Llera Martin, Juan Carlos de la; Monsalve, Mauricio; Ferrario, Elisa; Allen, E.; Chamorro, A.; Castro, S.; Alberto, Yolanda; Arróspide, Felipe; Poulos, Alan; Candia, G.; Aguirre, P.Resilience of complex infrastructure networks is critical in achieving earthquake resilience in urban environments. Perhaps due to their modeling complexity, very few research studies have addressed sensitivity of the network response to a severe earthquake hazard field. This research aims to characterize earthquake response sensitivity as a function of different topological parameters of 5 critical complex networks in central Chile, covering the electric, transportation, and drinking water networks. Central Chile was selected because it amounts for almost 50% of the country’s population. What is also particular about this setting, is that the seismic characteristics of the region lead to extended (essentially) N-S strike fault ruptures, which run along the subduction margin defined by the E-W convergence between the South American and Pacific Ocean plates at an unusual rate of about 68 mm/year, thus involving in the strong-motion hazard field geographic scales in the hundreds of kilometers. It is concluded that node and link topological structures differ considerably between these complex systems, which are characterized by several different well-known centrality parameters and other interesting indices and network-class discriminators. Secondly, a component criticality analysis under an earthquake hazard field is also presented just in terms of connectivity/service loss, which enables, at least, a rough identification of the robustness of each network as nodes and links are removed. Results from these topological analyses are useful to identify which components are essential in generating larger earthquake resilience. This is the first time such results are obtained for central Chile using very detailed models of these complex networks
- ItemEstimation of skid resistance and macrotexture thresholds(THOMAS TELFORD PUBLISHING, 2009) de Solminihac, H.; Echaveguren, T.; Vargas Tejeda, S.; Chamorro, A.One of the main challenges in geometrical design of highways is to de. ne the braking distance required by the driver-vehicle system. For a specific design speed, the braking distance mainly depends on the friction between the tyre and the road. Design standards de. ne friction values given a certain speed. Design values are not, however, correlated directly to skid resistance and macrotexture of the road surface. The present study proposes a procedure to estimate skid resistance and macrotexture thresholds in terms of the design friction of a road. The procedure is developed using a harmonisation function based on the international friction index (IFI). Using the proposed procedure, skid resistance and macrotexture thresholds that fulfil design friction requirements were defined. The results showed that thresholds are not unique; instead, a set of skid resistance macrotexture values which fulfil the design friction can be defined for each design speed. Consistency between geometrical design and the characteristics of a road surface can be evaluated with the proposed procedure. The procedure can be applied for any design standard and for any skid resistance and macrotexture measuring device.
- ItemProjection of Droughts as Multivariate Phenomenon in the Rhine River(2020) Chamorro, A.; Houska, T.; Singh, S. K.; Breuer, L.