Browsing by Author "Castillo, Oscar"

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    Assessment of Diet Quality in Chilean Urban Population through the Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010: A Cross-Sectional Study
    (2019) Pinto Manzo, Victoria Sabina; Landaeta-Díaz, Leslie; Castillo, Oscar; Villarroel Del Pino, Luis Antonio; Rigotti Rivera, Attilio Gianpietro; Echeverría Errázuriz, Guadalupe
    Most worldwide causes of disease and death are strongly associated with dietary factors and the application of eating indexes has proved to be a useful tool to determine diet quality in populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diet quality in Chile through the application of the Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI-2010). A representative sample (n = 879) of Chilean urban population aged 15-65 years old from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (Estudio Latinoamericano de Nutricion y Salud; ELANS) was used. Dietary intake data were obtained through two 24-hour food recalls and one beverage frequency questionnaire, which were used to calculate AHEI-2010 and its association with sociodemographic and anthropometric variables. In this Chilean sample, the AHEI-2010 score was 43.7 +/- 7.8 points (mean +/- SD). Trans fats and sodium intake were the highest scoring AHEI-2010 components whereas sugar-sweetened beverages and whole grains had the lowest score. Women, older subjects, and individuals in medium-high socioeconomic levels had significantly higher mean AHEI-2010 scores. No association was found between AHEI-2010 and body mass index (BMI), or nutritional status. Conclusions: Diet quality in the Chilean urban population aged 15-65 years old is far from optimal. Thus, there is room for significant improvement of diet quality in Chile through design and implementation of public health policies, particularly in high-risk groups for chronic diseases.
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    Assessment of Diet Quality in Chilean Urban Population through the Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010: A Cross-Sectional Study
    (2019) Pinto, Victoria; Landaeta-Diaz, Leslie; Castillo, Oscar; Villarroel, Luis; Rigotti, Attilio; Echeverria, Guadalupe
    Most worldwide causes of disease and death are strongly associated with dietary factors and the application of eating indexes has proved to be a useful tool to determine diet quality in populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diet quality in Chile through the application of the Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI-2010). A representative sample (n = 879) of Chilean urban population aged 15-65 years old from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (Estudio Latinoamericano de Nutricion y Salud; ELANS) was used. Dietary intake data were obtained through two 24-hour food recalls and one beverage frequency questionnaire, which were used to calculate AHEI-2010 and its association with sociodemographic and anthropometric variables. In this Chilean sample, the AHEI-2010 score was 43.7 +/- 7.8 points (mean +/- SD). Trans fats and sodium intake were the highest scoring AHEI-2010 components whereas sugar-sweetened beverages and whole grains had the lowest score. Women, older subjects, and individuals in medium-high socioeconomic levels had significantly higher mean AHEI-2010 scores. No association was found between AHEI-2010 and body mass index (BMI), or nutritional status. Conclusions: Diet quality in the Chilean urban population aged 15-65 years old is far from optimal. Thus, there is room for significant improvement of diet quality in Chile through design and implementation of public health policies, particularly in high-risk groups for chronic diseases.
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    Association of carotid intima media thickness with blood pressure and HDL cholesterol in children
    (SOC MEDICA SANTIAGO, 2012) Arnaiz, Pilar; Villarroel, Luis; Barja, Salesa; Godoy, Ivan; Cassis, Berta; Dominguez, Angelica; Castillo, Oscar; Farias, Marcelo; Carvajal, Jacqueline; Cristina Tinoco, Ana; Mardones, Francisco
    Background: Cardiovascular risk factors must be controlled since childhood. Aim: To assess the association of carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) with the components of the metabolic syndrome in Children. Material and Methods: Cross sectional assessment of 299 children aged 11.5 +/- 0.9 years (58% women) with and without metabolic syndrome components. Anthropometric parameters and blood pressure were measured and a blood sample was obtained to measure blood glucose and lipids. CIMT was measured using high resolution ultrasound. Results: Ninety three percent of children were post puberal, 64% were overweight and 25% had metabolic syndrome. Mean and maximum CIMT correlated with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.21 and 0.21 respectively p < 0.01). Children with a CIMT over the 75th percentile had higher blood pressure and lower HDL cholesterol. A stepwise logistic regression accepted both variables as predictors of CIMT with odds ratios for mean CIMT of 1.46 (1.19-1-79) and 0.81 (0.7-0.94) per five units of change, respectively. Conclusions: In this group of children systolic blood pressure and HDL cholesterol are associated to CIMT. (Rev Med Chile 2012; 140: 1268-1275).
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    Ateroesclerosis subclinica y sindrome metabolic en ninos
    (AULA MEDICA EDICIONES, 2013) Arnaiz, Pilar; Barjal, Salesa; Villarroel, Luis; Dominguez, Angelica; Godoy, Ivan; Castillo, Oscar; Farias, Marcelo; Mardones, Francisco
    Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MS) in children has been associated to subclinical atherosclerosis as estimated by carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT).
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    Breakfast skipping, nutritional status, and physical activity in a middle-aged Latin American population: a population-based study from Ecuador
    (2019) Lara, Melissa; Sisa, Ivan; Cecilia Yepez, Martha; Fisberg, Mauro; Kovalskys, Irina; Salas, Georgina Gomez; Rigotti, Attilio; Sanabria, Lilia Yadira Cortes; Garcia, Martha Cecilia Yepez; Torres, Rossina Gabriella Pareja; Herrera-Cuenca, Marianella; Koletzko, Berthold; Moreno, Luis A.; Pratt, Michael; Tucker, Katherine L.; Guajardo, Viviana; Zalcman Zimberg, Iona; Paz Amigo, Maria; Janezic, Ximena; Cardini, Fernando; Echeverria, Guadalupe; Landaeta, Leslie; Castillo, Oscar; Cortes Sanabria, Lilia Yadira; Nayibe Vargas, Luz; Fernanda Tobar, Luisa; Milena Castillo, Yuri; Gomez, Georgina; Monge Rojas, Rafael; Chinnock, Anne; Cecilia, Martha; Garcia, Yepez; Villar Caceres, Monica; Belen Ocampo, Maria; Pareja Torres, Rossina; Reyna Liria, Maria; Meza, Krysty; Abad, Mellisa; Penny, Mary; Landaeta, Maritza; Mendez, Betty; Vasquez, Maura; Ramirez, Guillermo; Hernandez, Pablo; Chiavegatto Filho, Alexandre D. P.; Bezerra Goncalves, Priscila; Alberico, Claudia; Ferrari, Gerson Luis de Moraes; Previdelli, Agatha Nogueira; Aparecida Grande de Franca, Natasha
    Introduction: the failure to eat breakfast has been associated with weight gain, a lower level of physical activity, and poor diet quality.
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    Effects of a dairy product fortified with multiple micronutrients and omega-3 fatty acids on birth weight and gestation duration in pregnant Chilean women
    (CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 2008) Mardones, Francisco; Urrutia, Maria Teresa; Villarroel, Luis; Rioseco, Alonso; Castillo, Oscar; Rozowski, Jaime; Tapia, Jose Luis; Bastias, Gabriel; Bacallao, Jorge; Rojas, Ivan
    objective: To test the hypothesis that maternal food fortification with omega-3 fatty acids and multiple micronutrients increases birth weight and gestation duration, as primary outcomes.
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    Health impact of Mediterranean diets in food at work
    (CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 2009) Leighton, Federico; Polic, Gianna; Strobel, Pablo; Perez, Druso; Martinez, Carlos; Vasquez, Luis; Castillo, Oscar; Villarroel, Luis; Echeverria, Guadalupe; Urquiaga, Ines; Mezzano, Diego; Rozowski, Jaime
    Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of diet mediterranisation, in a food-at-work context, and its consequence on metabolic syndrome in a mid-age unselected healthy male Population group.
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    Is the dietary acrylamide exposure in Chile a public health problem?
    (2021) Barrios-Rodriguez, Yeison Fernando; Pedreschi, Franco; Rosowski, Jaime; Gomez, Juan Pablo; Figari, Nicole; Castillo, Oscar; Mariotti Celis, Maria Salome
    This study estimates for the first time dietary acrylamide intake in Chile and conducts exposure risk assessments using the margin of exposure (MOE) method. A consumption frequency survey of starchy foods was carried out in the metropolitan region of Santiago, Chile on people from different socioeconomic levels aged between 12 and 65 years old. The acrylamide contents of the most frequently consumed foods were determined by an in-house validated GC-MS technique. The potatoes and bread group contributed similar to 77% to the dietary acrylamide exposure in Chile, with estimated daily mean exposure of 0.55 mu g kg(bw)(-1) day(-1) and 0.22 mu g kg(bw)(-1) day-1, respectively. Chilean population aged between 12 and 17 years old presented the highest acrylamide intake (mean, 1.27 mu g kg(bw)(-1) day(-1); 95th percentile, 3.90 mu g kg(bw)(-1) day(-1)). Finally, since the estimated MOEs were lower than 10,000, the dietary acrylamide exposure in the metropolitan region of Santiago, Chile is of public health concern according to the EFSA criteria.
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    Normal plasma insulin and HOMA values among chilean children and adolescents
    (SOC MEDICA SANTIAGO, 2011) Barja, Salesa; Arnaiz, Pilar; Dominguez, Angelica; Villarroel, Luis; Cassis, Berta; Castillo, Oscar; Salomo, Gianina; Farias, Marcelo; Goycoolea, Manuela; Quiroga, Teresa; Mardones, Francisco
    Background: Plasma insulin and HOMA (homeostasis model assessment) index, used to determine insulin resistance, do not have local standard values for children and adolescents in Chile. Aim: To establish the normal reference intervals for insulin and HOMA in children and adolescents aged 10-15 years, according to sex and puberal maturation. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study of 2,153 children and adolescents from Puente Alto County was performed, during 2009 and 2010. Anthropoinetry and self-report of puberal maturation were assessed. Fasting glucose (hexoquinase) and insulin blood levels (chemiluminiscence), were determined and HOMA index was calculated. Percentile distributions of these variables were calculated. Results: The reference group included only subjects with normal body mass index and fasting blood glucose (n = 1,192). Girls had higher insulin and HOMA values than boys (12.5 +/- 6.0 and 9.1 +/- 4.9 mu U/mL (p <0.01) and 2.7 +/- 1.4 and 2.1 +/- 1,1 (p <0.01), respectively). Subjects with Tanner land II puberal stages had lower insulin and HOMA mean values than subjects with Tanner III and IV (9.0 +/- 4.3 and 12.5 +/- 6.2 mu U/ml (p < 0.01) and 2.0 +/- 1 and 2.8 +/- 1.4 (p <0.01), respectively). Conclusions: The 90th percentile of insulin and HOMA distributions according to sex and maturation, was selected as the upper cut-off point to identify individuals with insulin resistance. HOMA cutoff point for Tanner I and II boys was 3.2, for Tanner land II girls was 4.1, for Tanner III and IV boys was 4.2 and for Tanner III and IV girls was 5.0. (Rev Med Chile 2011; 139: 1435-1443).
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    Nutritional profile of schoolchildren from different socio-economic levels in Santiago, Chile
    (CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 2011) Liberona, Yessica; Castillo, Oscar; Engler, Valerie; Villarroel, Luis; Rozowski, Jaime
    Objective: To assess the nutritional status, food intake and physical activity patterns in schoolchildren attending 5th and 6th grade in basic schools from different socio-economic levels in the metropolitan region of Santiago.
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    NUTRITIONAL STATUS, METABOLIC SYNDROME AND INSULIN RESISTANCE IN CHILDREN FROM SANTIAGO (CHILE)
    (ARAN EDICIONES, S L, 2013) Mardones, Francisco; Arnaiz, Pilar; Barja, Salesa; Giadach, Carolina; Villarroel, Luis; Dominguez, Angelica; Castillo, Oscar; Farias, Marcelo
    Background: The origin of most non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is in early life. Consequently obtaining information on risk factors for NCDs is important for preventive purposes. However, there is no information available on the prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome (MS) and insulin resistance (IR) in Chilean children.
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    Prenatal Growth and Metabolic Syndrome Components in Children
    (2011) Mardones S., Francisco; Villarroel del Pino, Luis A.; Barja, Salesa; Arnaíz, Pilar; Castillo, Oscar; Farías, Marcelo; Domínguez, Angélica