Browsing by Author "Carvajal, C."

Now showing 1 - 13 of 13
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    Actividad de 11 beta hidroxiesteroide dehidrogenasa tipo 2 en hipertensos chilenos
    (2002) Mosso, L.; Carvajal, C.; Campino, C.; Rojas, A.; Gonzalez, A.; Barraza, A.; Montero, J.; Fardella, C.
    Background: Half of hypertensive patients with, low plasma renin activity have a primary hyperaldosteronism. Among the remaining half 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11betaHSD2) deficiency plays all important role. This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of cortisol to cortisone, avoiding the interaction of cortisol with, the mineralocorticoid receptor. If the enzyme fails, cortisol will stimulate sodium and water reabsorption and increase blood pressure. Aim: To determine biochemical alterations, suggestive of 11betaSHSD2 deficiency, in low-renin hypertensive patients. Patients and Methods: Twenty eight hypertensive patients with a plasma renin activity of less than 0.5 ug/ml/h and with a plasma aldosterone of less than 5 ng/dl were studied. Twenty eight normotensive patients were studied as controls. Serum. cortisol (RIA), cortisone (ELISA) and the serum cortisol/cortisone ratio were determined in all of them, between, 9 and 10 AM. Measurements were confirmed by high pressure liquid chromatography. The serum cortisol/cortisone ratio was considered abnormal when its Ln (cortisol/cortisone) value was over 2 standard deviations of the mean. Results: Serum cortisol was higher in hypertensive subjects than in controls (11.1 +/- 3.3 and 9.2 +/- 2.8 mug/dl, respectively; p <0.05). No differences were observed in serum cortisone (3.4 +/- 1.3 and 3.7 +/- 1.2 μg/dl, respectively). Four hypertensive subjects bad all abnormally high Ln (cortisol/cortisone) value (1.86; 1.73; 2.07 and 2.01, considering a normal value of less than 1.61). Conclusions: Four of 28 hypertensive subjects with, low plasma renin activity and aldosterone had biochemical alterations suggestive of 11.1βHSD2 deficiency.
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    Analgesia, sedación y anestesia para cateterismo diagnóstico y/o terapéutico en pacientes pediátricos con cardiopatías congénitas en el Hospital Clínico de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile: algunas recomendaciones
    (2015) Borchert Billik, Evelyn; Lema F., Guillermo; González, K.; Carvajal, C.; López, R.; Canessa, Roberto; Aeschlimann del Río, Nicolás Alejandro; Silva, J. S.; Flores, A.; Springmüller P., Daniel
    Las presentes recomendaciones han sido elaboradas en base a nuestra experiencia, con el propósito de entregar algunas pautas sobre analgesia, sedación y anestesia para cateterismos diagnósticos y/o terapéuticos en pacientes pediátricos con cardiopatías congénitas, de acuerdo a la clasificación de riesgo de los mismos. El propósito de ésta es contribuir a disminuir la incidencia de eventos adversos asociados a morbilidad y mortalidad.
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    Cortisol/cortisone ratio and matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity are associated with pediatric primary hypertension
    (2016) Martínez Aguayo, Alejandro Gregorio; Campino Johnson, María del Carmen; Baudrand Biggs, René; Carvajal, C.; García Bruce, Hernán; Aglony Imbarack, Marlene Elizabeth; Bancalar, R.; García, L.; Loureiro Pérez, Carolina Andrea; Vecchiola Cárdenas, Andrea Paola; Tapia Castillo, A.; Valdivia, C.; Sanhueza, S.; Fuentes, C.; Lagos, C.; Solari, S.; Allende, Fidel; Kalergis Parra, Alexis Mikes; Fardella B., Carlos; Martínez Aguayo, Alejandro Gregorio; Campino Johnson, María del Carmen; Baudrand Biggs, René; Carvajal, C.; García Bruce, Hernán; Aglony Imbarack, Marlene Elizabeth; Bancalar, R.; García, L.; Loureiro Pérez, Carolina Andrea; Vecchiola Cárdenas, Andrea Paola; Tapia Castillo, A.; Valdivia, C.; Sanhueza, S.; Fuentes, C.; Lagos, C.; Solari, S.; Allende, Fidel; Kalergis Parra, Alexis Mikes; Fardella B., Carlos
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    Plasma levels of potassium and magnessium after modified ultrafiltration in pediatric cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass
    (SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD, 2012) Lopez, R.; Lema, G.; Gonzalez, A.; Carvajal, C.; Canessa, R.; Carrasco, P.; Lazo, V.; Hudson, C.; Gonzalez, R.; Frangini, P.
    Objective: Modified ultrafiltration (MUF) reduces some of the complications associated with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in pediatric cardiac surgery. However, we have observed hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia in children when MUF is used. Such alterations may elicit severe arrhythmias in the postoperative period. To date, no studies have focused on the effects MUF may have in plasma levels of potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg). The objective of our study was to determine if there is any variation in plasma levels of K (plK) and Mg (plMg) after MUF in children undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB.
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    Positive association between aldosterone-renin ratio and carotid intima-media thickness in hypertensive children
    (2013) Loureiro Pérez, Carolina Andrea; Campino Johnson, María del Carmen; Martínez Aguayo, Alejandro Gregorio; Godoy J., Iván; Aglony Imbarack, Marlene Elizabeth; Bancalari, R.; García Bruce, Hernán; Carvajal, C.; Fardella B., Carlos
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    Primary aldosteronism and hypertensive disease
    (2003) Mosso, L.; Carvajal, C.; Gonzalez, A.; Barraza, A.; Avila, F.; Montero, J.; Huete, A.; Gederlini, A.; Fardella, C.E.
    Recent studies in hypertensive populations that have used the serum aldosterone (SA) to plasma renin activity (PRA) ratio as a screening test have demonstrated a high prevalence of primary aldosteronism (PA). This frequency is higher than that previously described when hypokalemia was used as a screening tool. However, other factors, such as the characteristics of hypertensive disease, could also influence the prevalence of PA. We studied 609 essential hypertensive patients, classified according to the Joint National Committee VI (JNC VI), in 3 different stages depending on the severity of their hypertensive disease. We measured SA and PRA and calculated the SA-PRA ratio for all patients. An SA-PRA ratio 25 was detected in 63 of 609 patients, and the fludrocortisone test confirmed the PA diagnoses in 37 of 609 (6.1%) cases. PA prevalence according to hypertension stage was as follows: stage 1, 6 of 301 cases (1.99%); stage 2, 15 of 187 cases (8.02%); and stage 3, 16 of 121 cases (13.2%). PA patients were slightly younger than the other hypertensive patients (48.410.5 vs 53.610.2 years; P0.05). Serum potassium levels were normal in 36 of 37 PA patients; only 1 patient had minor hypokalemia. Computed tomography scans showed bilateral adrenal enlargement in 7 and an adrenal nodule in 2 cases. In summary, we found a high frequency of PA in essential hypertensives classified in stages 2 and 3 according to the JNC VI. The low frequency of computed tomography scan abnormalities and hypokalemia suggests that the diagnosis for most PA patients corresponds to attenuated forms of the disease.
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    Regiones polimórficas del gen 11β-hidroxiesteroide deshidrogenasa tipo 1 (11βHSD1) en hipertensión arterial esencial: Posible rol etiopatogénico
    (2008) Morales, M.; Carvajal, C.; Ortiz, E.; Mosso, L.; Artigas, R.; Fardella, C.; Owen, G.; Morales, M.; Fardella, C.
    Background: Cortisol has been implicated in hypertension and lately reported to be regulated at the pre-receptor level by the 11βHSD1 enzyme, which converts cortisone (E) to cortisol (F). Over expression of this enzyme in adipose tissue could determine an increase in available cortisol that interacts with the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in renal, brain and heart tissue, leading to similar hypertensive effects as in 11βHSD2 impaired patients. Several polymorphisms have been reported in HSD11B1 gene (CA15, CA19 and InsA83557), which could modify HSD11B1 gene expression or activity. Aim: To determine the distribution and prevalence of CA15, CA19 and InsA83557 in the HSD11B1 gene, and to correlate these results with biochemical parameters in cortisol/ACTH (HPA) and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) axis in patients with essential hypertension (EH). Patients and Methods: We studied 113 EH patients (76 non-obese and 37 obese, with a body mass index >30 kg/m 2) and 30 normotensive adults (NT). In each patient, we measured serum levels of F, E, serum aldosterone (SA), plasma renin activity (PRA), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), the urinary free cortisol/creatinine (UFF/Cr), F/ACTH and SA/PRA ratios. Each polymorphism was studied by PCR and 8% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Statistical associations were evaluated by Pearson correlations and the genetic equilibrium by the Hardy-Weinberg (H-W) equation. Results: We found all three polymorphisms in the EH and the NT group, both in genetic equilibrium. In obese essential hypertensives, the CA15 polymorphism showed association with SA/PRA ratio (r =0.189, p =0.012) and F/ACTH (r =0.301, p 0.048); CA19 also showed correlation with F/ACTH in obese EH (r =-0.220, p 0.009). The InsA83557 polymorphism correlated with UFF/Cr in both EH (r =0.206; p =0.03), and in obese EH (r =0.354; p =0.05). Conclusions: The CA15 and CA19 polymorphism correlated with changes in biochemical parameters in HPA and RAA axis of obese essential hypertensives. These changes may result of modifications in the expression of 11βHSD1, leading to increased cortisol and aldosterone levels independent of ACTH and renin control, respectively.
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    The aldosterone/renin ratio predicts cardiometabolic disorders in subjects without classic primary aldosteronism
    (2019) Vecchiola Cárdenas, Andrea Paola; Fuentes Zúñiga, Cristóbal Andrés; Barros Lamus, Eric Raúl; Martínez Aguayo, Alejandro Gregorio; García Bruce, Hernán; Allende, Fidel; Solari Gajardo, Sandra; Olmos Borzone, Roberto Ignacio; Carvajal, C.; Tapia-Castillo, A.; Campino Johnson, María del Carmen; Kalergis Parra, Alexis Mikes; Baudrand Biggs, René; Fardella B., Carlos; Vecchiola Cárdenas, Andrea Paola; Fuentes Zúñiga, Cristóbal Andrés; Barros Lamus, Eric Raúl; Martínez Aguayo, Alejandro Gregorio; García Bruce, Hernán; Allende, Fidel; Solari Gajardo, Sandra; Olmos Borzone, Roberto; Carvajal, C.; Tapia-Castillo, A.; Campino Johnson, María del Carmen; Kalergis Parra, Alexis Mikes; Baudrand Biggs, René; Fardella B., Carlos
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    The estimation of visceral adipose tissue with a body composition monitor predicts the metabolic syndrome
    (2013) Baudrand Biggs, René; Domínguez Ruiz-Tagle, José Miguel; Tabilo, C.; Figueroa, D.; Eugenin, C.; Carvajal, C.; Moreno González, Manuel I.
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    Time-Lapse Seafloor Surveys Reveal How Turbidity Currents and Internal Tides in Monterey Canyon Interact With the Seabed at Centimeter-Scale
    (2023) Wolfson-Schwehr, M.; Paull, C. K.; Caress, D. W.; Gwiazda, R.; Nieminski, N. M.; Talling, P. J.; Carvajal, C.; Simmons, S.; Troni, G.
    Here we show how ultra-high resolution seabed mapping using new technology can help to understand processes that sculpt submarine canyons. Time-lapse seafloor surveys were conducted in the axis of Monterey Canyon, similar to 50 km from the canyon head (similar to 1,840 m water depth) over an 18-month period. These surveys comprised 5-cm resolution multibeam bathymetry, 1-cm resolution lidar bathymetry, and 2-mm resolution stereophotographic imagery. Bathymetry data reveal centimeter-scale textures that would be undetectable by more traditional survey methods. Upward-looking Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers at the site recorded the flow character of internal tides and the passage of three turbidity currents, while sediment cores collected from the site record flow deposits. Combined with flow and core data, the bathymetry shows how turbidity currents and internal tides modify the seabed. The turbidity currents drape sediment across the site, infilling bedform troughs and smoothing erosional features carved by the internal tides (e.g., rippled scours). Turbidity currents with speeds of 0.9-3.3 m/s failed to cause notable bedform movement, which is surprising given that flows with similar speeds produced rapid bedform migration elsewhere, including the upper Monterey Canyon. The lack of migration may be related to the character of the underlying substrate or indicate that turbidity currents at the site lack dense, near-bed layers. The scale of scours produced by the internal tides (<= 0.7 m/s) approaches the scale of features recorded in the ancient rock record. Thus, these results illustrate how the scale gap between seabed mapping technology and the rock record may eventually be bridged.
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    Urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio and plasma renin and aldosterone concentrations in normotensive children : implications for the interpretation of results
    (2020) Martínez Aguayo, Alejandro Gregorio; Campino Johnson, María del Carmen; Rodríguez Fernández, M.; Poggi, Helena; D'apremont, I.; Moore, R.; García, H.; Solari Gajardo, Sandra; Allende, Fidel; Peredo, S.; Trincado, C.; Carvajal, C.; Arancibia, M.; Ossa, J. T.; Sifaqui, S.; Fardella B., Carlos; Baudrand Biggs, René
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    Use of the WHO Access, Watch, and Reserve classification to define patterns of hospital antibiotic use (AWaRe): an analysis of paediatric survey data from 56 countries
    (2019) Hsia, Yingfen; Lee, Brian R.; Versporten, Ann; Yang, Yonghong; Bielicki, Julia; Jackson, Charlotte; Newland, Jason; Goossens, Herman; Magrini, Nicola; Sharland, Mike; Teston, L.; Cheung, K.; Koning, S.; Grimwood, K.; Cross, J.; da Silva, A.; Benadof, D.; Zhang, W. S.; Zhao, W.; Liu, G.; Shen, K. L.; Yao, K. H.; Zheng, Y. J.; Deng, J. K.; Zhang, J. S.; Wang, Y.; Jiang, X. Y.; Tian, D. Y.; Jing, C. M.; Wang, L. J.; Cao, S. C.; Wu, L. J.; Chen, X.; Ding, M. J.; Zhang, L.; Lin, L.; Yang, J. H.; Cao, Q.; Wang, W.; Li, J. P.; Tang, L. F.; Liu, J.; Wang, P.; Qian, J.; Zhu, C. M.; Lu, G.; Deng, Q. L.; Mu, X. P.; Zhao, C. A.; Dong, X. Y.; Zhang, H.; Li, C. Y.; Li, W.; Saxen, H.; Kekomaki, S.; Hufnagel, M.; Rippberger, B.; Knuf, M.; Nikolic, P.; Huebner, J.; Kreitmeyer, K.; Behrends, U.; Rieber, N.; Renk, H.; Spyridis, N.; Tsolia, M.; Papaevangelous, V; Gkentzi, D.; Syrogiannopoulos, G.; Kaffe, K.; Roilides, E.; Pitsava, G.; Papadimitriou, E.; Iosifidis, E.; Gandra, S.; Laxminarayan, R.; Alvarez-Uria, G.; Jinka, D.; Murki, Srinivas; Kandraju, H.; Singh, S.; Vasudevan, A. K.; Kanithi, R.; Akula, A.; Chikkappa, A.; Tunga, O.; Subramanian, S.; Sharma, A.; Dharmapalan, D.; Ashkenazi-Hoffnung, L.; Ashkenazi, S.; Esposito, S.; Tagliabue, C.; Tersigni, C.; Galli, L.; D'Argenio, P.; Pansa, P.; Duse, M.; Horikoshi, Y.; Fukuoka, K.; Jimenez, R.; Ojeda, K.; Okokon, I; Mahmood, H.; Gowin, E.; Slowinska-Jarzabek, B.; Majda-Stanislawska, E.; Sicinska, J.; Chan, S. M.; Chang, A.; Rozic, M.; Premru, M.; Finlayson, H.; Whitelaw, A.; Rabie, H.; Dramowski, A.; O'Connell, N.; Epalza, C.; Rojo-Conejo, Pablo; Martinon Torres, Federico; Justicia, Antonio; Jian, V; Cheng, C. L.; Lumbiganon, P.; Paopongsawan, P.; Puthanakit, T.; Anugulruengkitt, S.; Yarci, E.; Doerholt, K.; Vazouras, K.; Bamford, A.; Irwin, A.; Drysdale, S. B.; Collett-White, F.; Harkensee, C.; McMaster, P.; Green, H.; Rees, S.; Ledoare, K.; Chappell, F.; Jacqueline, D.; Hackett, S.; Vergnano, S.; Praveen, S.; Herberg, J.; Speirs, L.; Moriarty, Paul; Lacej, D.; Hoxha, I; Cornistein, W.; Quiros, R.; Hojman, M.; Del Castillo, M.; Ghazaryan, L.; AlSalman, J.; Konopnicki, D.; Pierard, D.; Holemans, X.; Schelstraete, P.; Firre, E.; Van Herendael, B.; Dedeic-Ljubovic, A.; Pignatari, A.; Sabuda, D.; Carvajal, C.; Alvaro, R.; Labarca, J.; Solano, A.; Ramirez, C.; Marekovic, I; Horvatic, J.; Pristas, I; Marshall, E.; Pagava, K.; Korinteli, I; Neubert, A.; Enimil, A.; Frimpong, J. A.; Soltani, J.; Fitzgerald, D.; Kasahara, K.; Gu, Y.; Okinaka, K.; Kunishima, H.; Elhajji, F. Darwish; Alshehri, M.; Raka, L.; Kambaralieva, B.; Sviestina, I; Burokiene, S.; Usonis, V; Shaqiri, E.; Zarb, P.; Markovic, G.; Simovic, S.; Nwajiobi-Princewil, P.; Iregbu, K.; Aboderin, A.; Oduyebo, O.; Olayinka, A.; McCorry, A.; McCullagh, B.; Gormley, C.; Rachina, S.; Carevic, B.; Chen, H. H.; Ling, M. L.; Terol Barrero, P.; Buijtels, P.; van Elzakker, E.; Thompson, S.; Cooper, M.; Rios, E.; Hudson, M.; Greer, N.; Gessner-Wharton, M.; Gawrys, G.
    Background Improving the quality of hospital antibiotic use is a major goal of WHO's global action plan to combat antimicrobial resistance. The WHO Essential Medicines List Access, Watch, and Reserve (AWaRe) classification could facilitate simple stewardship interventions that are widely applicable globally. We aimed to present data on patterns of paediatric AWaRe antibiotic use that could be used for local and national stewardship interventions.