Browsing by Author "Cabib Madero, Ignacio Andres"

Now showing 1 - 8 of 8
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    Aging in Different Welfare Contexts: A Comparative Perspective on Later-Life Employment and Health
    (2020) Cabib Madero, Ignacio Andres; Corna, Laurie; Baumann, Isabel
    Objective: We adopt a cross-national comparative perspective to assess the labor market experiences of older adults in the years leading up to and beyond the full pension age (FPA) and their association with health in diverse welfare state contexts.", "Method: We work with a harmonized pooled-country data set of 12 nations to model individuals' employment trajectories during the 10 years surrounding gender- and country-specific FPAs over the same chronological period (2004 to 2014/2015) using sequence analysis. We then analyze these trajectories' relationships with self-rated health and chronic conditions across different welfare state contexts.", "Results: We find five types of later-life employment trajectories: early retirement, conventional retirement, predominantly part-time, not in the labor market, and partial retirement. Among other findings, our analyses indicate that early retirement is associated with positive health outcomes in social-democratic and corporatist countries but not in liberal and liberalcorporatist countries. For people in the not in the labor market trajectory, poor self-rated health is more frequent in liberal and southern, and less frequent in corporatist countries.", "Discussion: The research findings illustrate the importance of both generous public benefits in old age and later-life employment trajectories for older individuals' health."]
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    Biographies of uncertainty regulation in the labor market and extension of working life in Chile
    (Oxford Academic, 2024) Cabib Madero, Ignacio Andres; Yopo Díaz, Martina; Biehl Lundberg, Andrés; Cereceda, Trinidad; Ormeño, Juan Pablo; Ortiz Ruiz, Francisca José
    Despite lacking policies targeting the extension of working life, Chile is the Latin American country that has exhibited the largest increase in the labor force participation rate of people aged 65+ in the last two decades. In this research, following an analytical framework on regulation of endogenous uncertainty and relying on rich qualitative data (life story interviews of 90 older workers aged 60–86, across 21 cities and 6 regions), we approached the complexity of extended working lives in Chile by addressing an unexplored dimension. Specifically, we explore individuals’ agency over their employment trajectories (i.e., both in adulthood and old age) among those who remained active in the labor market after the legal retirement age. Our findings provide strong evidence that extended working lives not only result from precarious social conditions, but are also shaped by complex processes involving both expansive and adaptive individual agency in which people engaged throughout their life course. Therefore, the high exogenous uncertainty in the labor market should not merely be interpreted from the perspective of “precarity,” but also as a scenario that encouraged individuals to behave in a way that led them to engage in the labor force across their lives in accordance with their preferred level of endogenous uncertainty.
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    Childhood Socioeconomic Position and Cardiovascular Disease Among Older Women and Men: The Moderating Role of Parenthood Onset
    (2022) Ortiz Llorens, Manuel Ricardo; Cabib Madero, Ignacio Andres; Bambs Sandoval, Claudia Elena; Horta, Bernardo
    Objectives: Based on a life-course approach, the purpose of this study is to analyze how the age at the birth of a first child moderates the relationship between childhood socioeconomic position (SEP) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) incidence in old age, separately for women and men. Methods: We used a rich and representative life history survey of people aged from 65 to 75 living in Santiago, Chile (n = 802), and weighted multivariate statistical models. Data collection process involved the use of face-to-face life history calendars, administered by well-trained interviewers. Results: Early motherhood increases the risk of suffering CVD among older women with a disadvantaged childhood SEP, while late motherhood decreases it. By contrast, early fatherhood decreases CVD risk among older men with an adverse childhood SEP, while late fatherhood increases it. Conclusion: Our findings about the moderating role of parenthood onset on CVD risk among older women and men with a disadvantaged childhood SEP contributes to public health reflections on unexplored cardiovascular risk factors, which lead to substantial changes in women’s and men’s life courses, and might optimize cardiovascular prevention strategies.
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    Comprendiendo trayectorias de vida crecientemente diversas y complejas: El análisis de secuencias
    (2022) Cabib Madero, Ignacio Andres
    A pesar del notorio incremento de investigaciones sociológicas cuantitativas que usan el análisis de secuencias para explorar el aumento de diversidad y complejidad de trayectorias de vida, este campo de estudio se ha concentrado principalmente en sociedades occidentales de Europa y Norteamérica. Este artículo ofrece una introducción al análisis de secuencias, atendiendo al escaso conocimiento de esta herramienta estadística longitudinal en las ciencias sociales en Chile. Se examinan estudios sociológicos recientes que usan el análisis de secuencias en Chile para explorar la diversidad y complejidad de patrones de curso de vida en dominios sociales como la educación, el empleo, la familia, la jubilación, la salud, y en dos o más de estos dominios combinados. Este trabajo es un punto de partida para investigadores y estudiantes interesados en expandir sus conocimientos sobre esta técnica.
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    Lifetime employment-coresidential trajectories and extended working life in Chile
    (2021) Cabib Madero, Ignacio Andres; Biehl Lundberg, Andres
    The proportion of individuals extending their working lives beyond full pension age (FPA) has increased considerably over the last twenty years worldwide. Most research on the extension of working lives has examined what determines whether older people remain attached to the labor market, neglecting the diversity of their labor force statuses. Also, what we know from this line of inquiry is derived almost exclusively from developed countries, leaving other regions, such as Latin America, unexplored. Based on a life-course approach, we close these research gaps by analyzing how types of lifetime employment and coresidential trajectories determine both the extension of working lives beyond FPA and the diverse labor force statuses of older workers in Chile. We draw on a rich and comprehensive life history dataset of a cohort of Chileans currently aged 65-75 and use longitudinal and cross-sectional statistical methods. Our results indicate that individuals who followed diverse employment trajectories throughout their lives (whether in formal or informal jobs) but permanently coresided with a partner and adult children were most likely to be partly retired in old age (i.e., working while receiving a pension). Those who followed more informal employment trajectories while living permanently with a partner were more likely to remain active, particularly through self-employment, beyond FPA. We stress the importance for future labor policies aimed at older populations to consider the diversity of life-course trajectories in the employment and family domains.
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    Retirement Trajectories in Countries with Flexible Retirement Policies but Different Welfare Regimes
    (2019) Baumann, Isabel; Cabib Madero, Ignacio Andres
    We examine how both the welfare regime and health affect retirement trajectories in countries with flexible retirement policies using longitudinal methods and harmonized panel data from two social-democratic (Sweden and Denmark) and two liberal welfare regimes (Chile and the United States). An early retirement trajectory, which represents retirement in the early 60s, is the most frequent in all countries, although it is less prevalent in liberal than in social-democratic regimes. Adverse health conditions are more frequent among early retirees in liberal but not in social-democratic regimes. Overall, we do not find evidence for an inciting effect of flexible retirement policies on working life extension. However, welfare regimes substantially affect late-life labor force participation.
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    Socially stratified associations between self-employment and health among Chilean older people
    (2023) Cabib Madero, Ignacio Andres; Azar Denecken, Ariel Ricardo; Biehl Lundberg, Andres; Budnevich Portales, Carlos
    Non-standard forms of employment, such as self-employment, are among the most prevalent routes for older people to access the workforce. While the financial benefits of any form of self-employment in later life have been widely acknowledged, less is known about their impact on health. This study explores the association between self-employment and 16 health outcomes among older people with different social stratification characteristics in Chile, a developing country experiencing rapid population ageing. We rely on a rich representative life history survey of Chilean men and women between the ages 65 and 75 years (N = 802) living in the capital Santiago, weighted sequence analysis to reconstruct employment histories and weighted regression analysis to measure the association between self-employment and health in later life. All our analyses are adjusted by both individual lifetime health indicators and employment trajectories. Our results show that being self-employed relative to not working is positively associated with health in seven out of 16 outcomes. More surprisingly, those in a self-employment position seem to enjoy better health outcomes, particularly among the less educated and lower-income levels. These stratified associations raise questions about how these individuals enjoy better health despite facing adverse social conditions.
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    Todos somos de clase media sobre el estatus social subjetivo en Chile
    (2013) Castillo Valenzuela, Juan Carlos; Miranda Fuenzalida, Daniel Andres; Cabib Madero, Ignacio Andres
    Chile es uno de los países con mayor concentración del ingreso a nivel mundial. Dada la relación entre alta desigualdad económica y patrones de estratifi cación social, en tal contexto se esperaría una alta dispersión de las percepciones respecto del propio estatus o estatus social subjetivo. Sin embargo, la evidencia internacional señala una marcada tendencia hacia la media del estatus subjetivo, es decir, existirían distorsiones del estatus subjetivo respecto del estatus objetivo. La presente investigación intenta profundizar en este aspecto para el caso de Chile, particularmente en la relación entre estatus socioeconómico, clase social y estatus subjetivo. Los datos a analizar corresponden al módulo de desigualdad económica de la encuesta International Social Survey Programme (ISSP), en su versión del año 2009 para Chile. Los resultados indican una marcada tendencia en la población hacia la media del estatus subjetivo, principalmente de parte de aquellos con mayor estatus objetivo