Browsing by Author "Cabib Madero, Ignacio Andres"
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- ItemBiographies of uncertainty regulation in the labor market and extension of working life in Chile(Oxford Academic, 2024) Cabib Madero, Ignacio Andres; Yopo Díaz, Martina; Biehl Lundberg, Andrés; Cereceda, Trinidad; Ormeño, Juan Pablo; Ortiz Ruiz, Francisca JoséDespite lacking policies targeting the extension of working life, Chile is the Latin American country that has exhibited the largest increase in the labor force participation rate of people aged 65+ in the last two decades. In this research, following an analytical framework on regulation of endogenous uncertainty and relying on rich qualitative data (life story interviews of 90 older workers aged 60–86, across 21 cities and 6 regions), we approached the complexity of extended working lives in Chile by addressing an unexplored dimension. Specifically, we explore individuals’ agency over their employment trajectories (i.e., both in adulthood and old age) among those who remained active in the labor market after the legal retirement age. Our findings provide strong evidence that extended working lives not only result from precarious social conditions, but are also shaped by complex processes involving both expansive and adaptive individual agency in which people engaged throughout their life course. Therefore, the high exogenous uncertainty in the labor market should not merely be interpreted from the perspective of “precarity,” but also as a scenario that encouraged individuals to behave in a way that led them to engage in the labor force across their lives in accordance with their preferred level of endogenous uncertainty.
- ItemChildhood Socioeconomic Position and Cardiovascular Disease Among Older Women and Men: The Moderating Role of Parenthood Onset(2022) Ortiz Llorens, Manuel Ricardo; Cabib Madero, Ignacio Andres; Bambs Sandoval, Claudia Elena; Horta, BernardoObjectives: Based on a life-course approach, the purpose of this study is to analyze how the age at the birth of a first child moderates the relationship between childhood socioeconomic position (SEP) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) incidence in old age, separately for women and men. Methods: We used a rich and representative life history survey of people aged from 65 to 75 living in Santiago, Chile (n = 802), and weighted multivariate statistical models. Data collection process involved the use of face-to-face life history calendars, administered by well-trained interviewers. Results: Early motherhood increases the risk of suffering CVD among older women with a disadvantaged childhood SEP, while late motherhood decreases it. By contrast, early fatherhood decreases CVD risk among older men with an adverse childhood SEP, while late fatherhood increases it. Conclusion: Our findings about the moderating role of parenthood onset on CVD risk among older women and men with a disadvantaged childhood SEP contributes to public health reflections on unexplored cardiovascular risk factors, which lead to substantial changes in women’s and men’s life courses, and might optimize cardiovascular prevention strategies.
- ItemExtended Working Life Policies: Country Experiences. Chile(Springer, 2020) De Amesti Mujica, José; Herrera Ponce, Maria Soledad; Cabib Madero, Ignacio AndresDuring the last three decades Chile has experienced an unprecedented demographic transition due to increased life expectancy and decreased childbirth.This is expected to cause important challenges to economic, health and culturaldimensions among older people in Chile. Furthermore, this is a developing countrycharacterised by a liberal labour market and pension policies and by a male breadwinner culture-locating women in care and domestic tasks at the expense of labourmarket participation. This means that gender plays a key role in the challenges associated with an ageing population. We discuss public policies and recent academicresearch on the economic, health, and cultural dimensions of ageing in Chile
- ItemLifetime employment-coresidential trajectories and extended working life in Chile(2021) Cabib Madero, Ignacio Andres; Biehl Lundberg, AndresThe proportion of individuals extending their working lives beyond full pension age (FPA) has increased considerably over the last twenty years worldwide. Most research on the extension of working lives has examined what determines whether older people remain attached to the labor market, neglecting the diversity of their labor force statuses. Also, what we know from this line of inquiry is derived almost exclusively from developed countries, leaving other regions, such as Latin America, unexplored. Based on a life-course approach, we close these research gaps by analyzing how types of lifetime employment and coresidential trajectories determine both the extension of working lives beyond FPA and the diverse labor force statuses of older workers in Chile. We draw on a rich and comprehensive life history dataset of a cohort of Chileans currently aged 65-75 and use longitudinal and cross-sectional statistical methods. Our results indicate that individuals who followed diverse employment trajectories throughout their lives (whether in formal or informal jobs) but permanently coresided with a partner and adult children were most likely to be partly retired in old age (i.e., working while receiving a pension). Those who followed more informal employment trajectories while living permanently with a partner were more likely to remain active, particularly through self-employment, beyond FPA. We stress the importance for future labor policies aimed at older populations to consider the diversity of life-course trajectories in the employment and family domains.
- ItemTodos somos de clase media sobre el estatus social subjetivo en Chile(2013) Castillo Valenzuela, Juan Carlos; Miranda Fuenzalida, Daniel Andres; Cabib Madero, Ignacio AndresChile es uno de los países con mayor concentración del ingreso a nivel mundial. Dada la relación entre alta desigualdad económica y patrones de estratifi cación social, en tal contexto se esperaría una alta dispersión de las percepciones respecto del propio estatus o estatus social subjetivo. Sin embargo, la evidencia internacional señala una marcada tendencia hacia la media del estatus subjetivo, es decir, existirían distorsiones del estatus subjetivo respecto del estatus objetivo. La presente investigación intenta profundizar en este aspecto para el caso de Chile, particularmente en la relación entre estatus socioeconómico, clase social y estatus subjetivo. Los datos a analizar corresponden al módulo de desigualdad económica de la encuesta International Social Survey Programme (ISSP), en su versión del año 2009 para Chile. Los resultados indican una marcada tendencia en la población hacia la media del estatus subjetivo, principalmente de parte de aquellos con mayor estatus objetivo