Browsing by Author "Cabib Madero, Ignacio Andrés"

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    Adulthood employment trajectories and later life mental health before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic
    (MDPI, 2022) Cabib Madero, Ignacio Andrés; Budnevich Portales, Carlos; Azar Denecken, Ariel Ricardo
    Background: This life course study has two aims. First, to explore how diverse employment trajectories across adulthood are related to older people's mental health in Chile, a country with no research in this field, and second, to analyze these associations before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We use data from the nationally-representative and longitudinal 'Chilean Social Protection Survey' sequence analysis to reconstruct employment trajectory types, and bivariate and multivariate analyses to measure their association with depressive symptoms. Results: Our findings indicate that formal labor force patterns in adulthood show the lowest burden of depressive symptomology before and after the onset of the overwhelming COVID-19 pandemic when controlling for traditional risk factors. Conclusion: We emphasize that policymakers in both the labor market and public health domains must consider the relationship between informal employment pathways in adulthood and poorer mental health in old age. Public policies should improve the conditions and quality of jobs during adulthood and promote more formalization in the labor market to address the high uncertainty involving low social protection, which is strongly associated with severe mental health problems in later life.
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    Childhood socioeconomic position, adulthood employment trajectories, and later life functional limitations in Chile
    (SAGE Publications Inc., 2022) Cabib Madero, Ignacio Andrés; Valencia, Rocio; Olea-Durán, Bastián
    Relying on a life course perspective, we explored the association between childhood socioeconomic position (SEP), adulthood employment trajectories, and their interactions, with different domains of functional limitations among older people in Chile. We used data from a face-to-face, comprehensive and representative life history survey of older people (N = 802), and weighted bivariate, multivariate, and longitudinal quantitative methods. As a way to address potential problems of reverse causality, we adjust multivariate analyses by lifetime health indicators. Our results show that low childhood SEP and non-standard adulthood employment trajectories characterized by part-time work negatively affect later life functional limitations. The increased risk among people with low childhood SEP is higher if they follow a "part-time employment trajectory" in adulthood. In the conclusion, we emphasize that analyzing life course determinants of functional limitations serves to inform and help design strategies to reduce dependency in later life and promote healthy aging.
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    Lifetime socioeconomic determinants of health trajectories among older adults
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Letelier, Alejandra; Cabib Madero, Ignacio Andrés; Undurraga Fourcade, Eduardo Andrés; Pérez Cruz, Pedro Emilio
    Drawing on life course theory and research, we explored how socioeconomic circumstances during childhood and adulthood shape self-reported health trajectories among older Mexican adults. We used data from the Mexican Health and Aging Study panel survey (2001–2015) and used sequence analysis to estimate types of self-reported health trajectories in older adulthood. We then explored the association between those health trajectories and socioeconomic determinants at different life stages, including education, occupation, employment, economic status, parental education, and adverse living conditions and illnesses during childhood. Our contributions are threefold. First, we identified four types of health trajectories for men and eight for women, representing a more nuanced longitudinal health status profile than previously shown. Second, we found that childhood and adult socioeconomic circumstances influence self-reported health trajectories at older age. Third, our results suggest there is no simple monotonic relationship between life course circumstances and self-reported health trajectories.
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    Simultaneous employment and depressive symptom trajectories around retirement age in Chile
    (Routledge Journals Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Cabib Madero, Ignacio Andrés; Azar Denecken, Ariel Ricardo; Guerra Spencer, Josefa Antonia
    Objectives: Over the last decade, an increasing number of empirical studies have examined long-term patterns of depression among adults around retirement age and identified employment status as a crucial determinant. However, most research has examined associations between cross-sectional measures of employment and prospective depression patterns, overlooking the changing nature of employment statuses, particularly close to retirement age. Furthermore, most knowledge in this field comes from studies conducted in developed countries in Western Europe and North America. To address these gaps, this study examined simultaneous trajectories in the employment and depressive symptom domains among two age groups of Chileans before and after the standard retirement age. Method: Using population-representative data and longitudinal statistical methods, we identified different trajectory types among two age groups (one aged 56-65 and another aged 66-75, at baseline) and characterized them according to social and health characteristics. Results: We found that trajectories defined by permanent employment were accompanied by lower depressive symptoms than trajectories indicating either retirement or inactivity. However, trajectories combining employment and the absence of depressive symptoms were primarily followed by individuals with advantaged health and social statuses at the baseline. Conclusion: Public policies aimed at promoting the mental health of older adults through their labor market integration risk forcing individuals who have accumulated social and health disadvantages across the life course to work longer.
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    ¿Son los chilenos igualmente solidarios? La influencia de los recursos personales en las donaciones de dinero
    (2012) Castillo Valenzuela, Juan Carlos; Leal Bravo, Paola Cecilia; Cabib Madero, Ignacio Andrés; Miranda Fuenzalida, Daniel Andrés
    En el discurso público comúnmente se asume que Chile es un país solidario, un supuesto que se confunde con la idea de una cierta homogeneidad en lo que respecta a valores solidarios y conductas de ayuda en el país. El presente trabajo apunta a cuestionar esta idea de homogeneidad respecto de solidaridad, proponiendo que las conductas solidarias se relacionan con los recursos que las personas poseen, los que a su vez se asocian al lugar que las personas ocupan en la estructura de estratificación social. Tomando los datos de la Encuesta de Solidaridad realizada en 2009 por el Centro de Medición MIDE UC de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, el trabajo se centra en un tipo de conducta de ayuda particular: las donaciones en dinero. El análisis se focaliza en la influencia de recursos personales como ingreso, educación y pertenencia a redes sobre este tipo de donaciones. Los resultados indican que los individuos con mayores recursos son más proclives a las donaciones, donde el nivel educacional alcanzado juega un papel preponderante