Browsing by Author "Bonomelli De Pinaga, Claudia"

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    Calcium Allocation to the Tree Canopy and the Edible Part of Sweet Cherry Fruit Is Hindered by Boron Soil Deficiency
    (Elsevier, 2025) Bonomelli De Pinaga, Claudia; Arredondo Reyes, Gerardo Alejandro; Nario, Adriana; Artacho, Pamela; Contreras, Carolina
    Calcium (Ca) and Boron (B) are structural components of the cell wall with limited phloem mobility. The absorption, movement, and distribution of these two nutrients have a greater effect on leaves than on fruits since their transport is dependent on transpiration flow. This research aimed to study the absorption and movement of Ca-45 applied to the soil and the fruit of sweet cherry trees under B-deficient and B-adequate soil conditions. In the first experiment, Ca-45 was applied to the soil surface before the occurrence of leaf senescence. Soil and tree components were sampled and analyzed 6 months after Ca-45 application. The second experiment involved a Ca-45 application to the surface of small fruits with 5 mm diameters, which were analyzed after 45 days. The tree Ca allocation in the B-deficient soil condition was significantly fewer in shoots and higher in roots, contrary to the B-adequate soil. On the other hand, the fruit evidenced significant differences in Ca levels in the edible portion of the fruit (i.e., the flesh and peel), which was higher in the B-adequate soil condition. Therefore, under B-deficient soil, Ca was 'retained' in the root system and in the fruit pit, suggesting a synergistic mechanism between Ca and B. This mechanism might indicate a survival ecological function where B triggers biological signals to restore Ca homeostasis.
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    Calcium Allocation to the Tree Canopy and the Edible Part of Sweet Cherry Fruit Is Hindered by Boron Soil Deficiency
    (MDPI, 2025) Bonomelli De Pinaga, Claudia; Arredondo Reyes, Gerardo Alejandro; Nario, Adriana; Artacho, Pamela; Contreras, Carolina
    Calcium (Ca) and Boron (B) are structural components of the cell wall with limited phloem mobility. The absorption, movement, and distribution of these two nutrients have a greater effect on leaves than on fruits since their transport is dependent on transpiration flow. This research aimed to study the absorption and movement of Ca-45 applied to the soil and the fruit of sweet cherry trees under B-deficient and B-adequate soil conditions. In the first experiment, Ca-45 was applied to the soil surface before the occurrence of leaf senescence. Soil and tree components were sampled and analyzed 6 months after Ca-45 application. The second experiment involved a Ca-45 application to the surface of small fruits with 5 mm diameters, which were analyzed after 45 days. The tree Ca allocation in the B-deficient soil condition was significantly fewer in shoots and higher in roots, contrary to the B-adequate soil. On the other hand, the fruit evidenced significant differences in Ca levels in the edible portion of the fruit (i.e., the flesh and peel), which was higher in the B-adequate soil condition. Therefore, under B-deficient soil, Ca was 'retained' in the root system and in the fruit pit, suggesting a synergistic mechanism between Ca and B. This mechanism might indicate a survival ecological function where B triggers biological signals to restore Ca homeostasis.
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    Foliar Nutritional Status Influences Herbivory Caused by Gonipterus platensis in Eucalyptus globulus, E. nitens and Their Hybrids
    (2025) Ricci Salcedo, Clara; Le Feuvre, Regis; Pincheira, Matías; Bonomelli De Pinaga, Claudia; Rubilar, Rafael; Moraga Suazo, Priscila Ester
    Eucalyptus plantations worldwide experience significant productivity losses due to herbivory caused by the weevil Gonipterus platensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae. Marelli 1927); however, the role of leaf nutritional status in host preference remains poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated the incidence and severity of defoliation on two seed-propagated eucalypts—Eucalyptus globulus Labill. and Eucalyptus nitens Maiden, as well as two clonally propagated E. nitens × E. globulus hybrids—at a trial site in Mulchén, Chile. Sampling occurred after peak weevil activity (December 2022) and during austral autumn (May 2023). We determined foliar concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), boron (B), carbon (C), and the carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio, and analyzed their relationships with herbivory using ANOVA, principal component analysis (PCA), and linear regression. Overall defoliation was low (<7%), but significantly higher on E. globulus, with hybrids exhibiting intermediate damage. Seasonally, N and Mg concentrations declined, while K and Ca levels increased, resulting in an elevated C/N ratio in autumn. A positive correlation was observed between leaf Ca concentration and both the incidence and severity of herbivory during peak activity in the susceptible E. globulus genotype (R2 = 0.96, p < 0.05). These findings suggest that calcium accumulation may influence weevil feeding preferences. Further research should explore nutrient-mediated resistance to guide selection and fertilization strategies for developing more resilient eucalyptus varieties.