Browsing by Author "Biehl Lundberg, Andrés"
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- ItemBiographies of uncertainty regulation in the labor market and extension of working life in Chile(Oxford Academic, 2024) Cabib Madero, Ignacio Andres; Yopo Díaz, Martina; Biehl Lundberg, Andrés; Cereceda, Trinidad; Ormeño, Juan Pablo; Ortiz Ruiz, Francisca JoséDespite lacking policies targeting the extension of working life, Chile is the Latin American country that has exhibited the largest increase in the labor force participation rate of people aged 65+ in the last two decades. In this research, following an analytical framework on regulation of endogenous uncertainty and relying on rich qualitative data (life story interviews of 90 older workers aged 60–86, across 21 cities and 6 regions), we approached the complexity of extended working lives in Chile by addressing an unexplored dimension. Specifically, we explore individuals’ agency over their employment trajectories (i.e., both in adulthood and old age) among those who remained active in the labor market after the legal retirement age. Our findings provide strong evidence that extended working lives not only result from precarious social conditions, but are also shaped by complex processes involving both expansive and adaptive individual agency in which people engaged throughout their life course. Therefore, the high exogenous uncertainty in the labor market should not merely be interpreted from the perspective of “precarity,” but also as a scenario that encouraged individuals to behave in a way that led them to engage in the labor force across their lives in accordance with their preferred level of endogenous uncertainty.
- ItemContra la Libertad: Por qué la ilusión de elegir dañó nuestra convivencia(Ariel, 2023) Biehl Lundberg, Andrés; Vera Concha, Germán¿Por qué la arquitectura de seguridad social en nuestro país generó incertidumbre y conflicto cuando su objetivo era, por el contrario, entregar certezas a lo largo de nuestras vidas? Contra la Libertad examina cómo los supuestos de racionalidad individual y consentimiento contractual que ordenan nuestra educación, salud y previsión han diluido al mismo individuo, su capacidad de consentir y, por ende, su percepción de ser responsable frente a sus decisiones. Centrados en liberar capacidades individuales, los instrumentos de nuestra seguridad social traspasaron responsabilidades que pocos podían asumir y sentir como propias. El énfasis en el autointerés que permitiría una relación de confianza entre instituciones y personas terminó por hacernos olvidar que la seguridad social es constitutiva de nuestras obligaciones sociales y, por lo tanto, de nuestra vida con otros. La tarea, aseguran el sociólogo Andrés Biehl y el economista Germán Vera, es pensar cómo las pensiones, la educación, la salud y sus contornos constitucionales pueden convertirse en una dimensión de nuestra pertenencia, de sano orgullo compartido que modere las incertidumbres que enfrentamos como individuos, como comunidades y entre generaciones.
- ItemFrom reciprocity to welfare: Rerum Novarum, Catholicism, and early social security in Latin America(2022) Biehl Lundberg, Andrés; Pérez de Arce, RodrigoThis article explores the role of Catholicism after the papal encyclical Rerum Novarum (1891), in shaping early Latin American social security. While social security is often interpreted as the outcome of organized distributional struggles, recent scholarship has begun to pay attention to the religious origins of a variety of social security systems. Building on this “religious turn”, the article reviews how research on religious traditions and the welfare state illuminate Latin American early developments of social security. By placing these experiences within welfare research at the beginning of the 20th century, this review aims to shed light on two understudied themes. First, new questions emerge connecting cultural understandings to their institutionalization through social policy. Second, Rerum Novarum and the social doctrines of the Catholic Church provided a vocabulary to nurture and legitimize secular state interventions in line with traditional ideas of reciprocity and charity. Social security models inspired by early German and French experiences, through the recommendations of the International Labour Organization, were adapted to local realities without challenging previous forms of social organizations that favored Catholic notions of in-kind support and encouraged personal relationships. Building on recent scholarship, the article ends by calling for further research on how Catholic in-built conceptions of reciprocity shape secular policies.
- ItemLlegar a la edad de jubilación : nudos críticos y régimen de bienestar en Chile(Centro de Políticas Públicas UC, 2018) Biehl Lundberg, Andrés; Wormald D., Guillermo; Browne Mönckeberg, Magdalena
- ItemPolítica social en Chile: ¿se debiera implementar un Ingreso Básico Universal?(2022) Biehl Lundberg, Andrés; Inostroza, Alejandra; Irarrázabal, Ignacio; Janiak, Alexandre; Larrañaga, Osvaldo; Sapelli, Claudio; Traferri, AlejandraEl documento comienza con una descripción de la política social en Chile, a modo de diagnóstico. A continuación, se presentan las características del IBU, la principal evidencia sobre sus efectos y una breve descripción de los casos en que se ha implementado. Con estos antecedentes, se presentan argumentos que muestran que el IBU no es una política recomendable en el contexto chileno, principalmente por el alto costo que significaría para el Estado como también por los efectos negativos que podría tener en la lucha contra la pobreza y la desigualdad social. Finalmente, se entregan algunas lecciones y consideraciones relevantes para cualquier reforma que se haga en esta materia
- ItemPrivate Pension Systems Built on Precarious Foundations: A Cohort Study of Labor-Force Trajectories in Chile(SAGE Publications, 2019) Madero Cabib, Ignacio; Biehl Lundberg, Andrés; Sehnbruch, Kirsten; Calvo Bralic, Esteban; Bertranou, FabioThe success of private pension systems to provide old-age security is mainly a function of continuous individual pension contributions linked to formal employment. Using a rich longitudinal dataset from Chile and employing sequence analysis, this study examines the pension contribution histories and formal employment pathways of a cohort of individuals who began their working lives simultaneously to the introduction of the Chilean private pension system in the early 1980s, which pioneered private-oriented pension reforms worldwide. Results show that more than half of the individuals from this cohort developed labor-force trajectories inconsistent with continuous pension contributions and formal employment, which particularly affects women and lower educated people. We conclude that policy and decision makers focused on aging topics should be aware of the increasing diversity and precariousness of labor-force trajectories when evaluating the performance and sustainability of both private and public pension regimes.
- Item¿Qué Pensamos los Chilenos de Nuestros Impuestos?(2015) Biehl Lundberg, Andrés
- ItemTaxes without Taxpayers : The Invisibility of Taxes in Chile(2019) Biehl Lundberg, Andrés; Labarca, J. T.; Vela, J.