Browsing by Author "Basoalto Escobar, Roque Ignacio"
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- ItemBeta-Lactam Antibiotics Can Be Measured in the Exhaled Breath Condensate in Mechanically Ventilated Patients: a Pilot Study(2023) Escalona Solari, José Antonio; Soto Muñoz, Dagoberto Igor; Oviedo Álvarez, Vanessa Andrea; Rivas Garrido, Elizabeth Alexis; Severino, Nicolás; Kattan Tala, Eduardo José; Andresen Hernández, Max Alfonso; Bravo Morales, Sebastián Ignacio; Basoalto Escobar, Roque Ignacio; Bachmann Barron, María Consuelo; Kwok-Yin, Wong; Pavez, Nicolás; Bruhn Cruz, Alejandro Rodrigo; Bugedo Tarraza, Guillermo Jaime; Retamal Montes, Jaime AlejandroDifferent techniques have been proposed to measure antibiotic levels within the lung parenchyma; however, their use is limited because they are invasive and associated with adverse effects. We explore whether beta-lactam antibiotics could be measured in exhaled breath condensate collected from heat and moisture exchange filters (HMEFs) and correlated with the concentration of antibiotics measured from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). We designed an observational study in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation, which required a BAL to confirm or discard the diagnosis of pneumonia. We measured and correlated the concentration of beta-lactam antibiotics in plasma, epithelial lining fluid (ELF), and exhaled breath condensate collected from HMEFs. We studied 12 patients, and we detected the presence of antibiotics in plasma, ELF, and HMEFs from every patient studied. The concentrations of antibiotics were very heterogeneous over the population studied. The mean antibiotic concentration was 293.5 (715) ng/mL in plasma, 12.3 (31) ng/mL in ELF, and 0.5 (0.9) ng/mL in HMEF. We found no significant correlation between the concentration of antibiotics in plasma and ELF (R2 = 0.02, p = 0.64), between plasma and HMEF (R2 = 0.02, p = 0.63), or between ELF and HMEF (R2 = 0.02, p = 0.66). We conclude that beta-lactam antibiotics can be detected and measured from the exhaled breath condensate accumulated in the HMEF from mechanically ventilated patients. However, no correlations were observed between the antibiotic concentrations in HMEF with either plasma or ELF.
- ItemEfectos fisiológicos de la ventilación mecánica no invasiva y cánula nasal de alto flujo en el periodo postextubación de pacientes críticamente enfermos con alto riesgo de falla de destete(2024) Basoalto Escobar, Roque Ignacio; Bruhn Cruz, Alejandro Rodrigo; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de MedicinaIntroducción: se estima que entre el 10% y el 20% de los pacientes experimentan falla de destete de la ventilación mecánica (VM), incrementándose al 30% en aquellos considerados de alto riesgo. Frente a este escenario, la ventilación no invasiva (VNI) y la cánula nasal de alto flujo (CNAF) son las estrategias que han demostrado ser efectivas para prevenir la falla de destete. Los efectos fisiológicos de ambas podrían diferir lo cual podría tener implicancias para una selección más personalizada del soporte postextubación. Sin embargo, no existen estudios que hayan comparado los efectos fisiológicos de VNI versus CNAF en la fase postextubación.Objetivo: Comparar los efectos de la VNI versus CNAF sobre el trabajo respiratorio, función respiratoria, aireación pulmonar, hemodinamia y estrés cardiovascular, durante el periodo postextubación de pacientes críticamente enfermos con alto riesgo de falla de destete.Método: El estudio corresponde a un ensayo clínico aleatorizado de tipo cruzado en pacientes con VM por más de 48 horas y categorizados con alto riesgo de falla de destete. Durante el estudio los pacientes fueron monitorizados con un catéter esofágico/gástrico y electromiografía de diafragma para evaluar el trabajo respiratorio. Adicionalmente, fueron monitoreados con tomografía por impedancia eléctrica para evaluar cambios en la aireación pulmonar. Postextubación fueron sometidos secuencialmente a VNI y CNAF por una hora en orden aleatorio. Al final de cada periodo de intervención se evaluó trabajo respiratorio, función respiratoria, patrón de ventilación, hemodinamia, NT-ProBNP y troponinas T ultrasensibles.Resultados: La población estudiada (n= 22) presentó una edad 66 [47 – 76] años, con una mediana de conexión a VM 7 [4 - 10] días. El análisis de esfuerzo respiratorio mostró una reducción significativa en el producto presión tiempo (PTP) por minuto y en la variación de presión esofágica (ΔPes) con VNI en comparación con CNAF (90 [63 - 125] vs. 109 [76 - 183] cmH2O.s/min; p= 0,013 y 6,1 [4,0 – 8,1] vs. 7,05 [4,9 – 9,7] cmH2O; p= 0,021, respectivamente). Además, se observó una reducción de frecuencia respiratoria durante el período de VNI (20 [15 - 24] vs. 22 [17 -23]; p= 0,022), un aumento significativo en el volumen corriente (473 ± 153 vs. 371 ± 141 ml; p= 0,001) y en el volumen minuto (9,5 ± 3,1 vs. 8,3 ± 2,8 L/min; p= 0,036) durante el periodo de VNI. Sin embargo, no se encontraron diferencias en el volumen de fin de espiración global (ΔEELV), actividad eléctrica del diafragma, hemodinamia ni en los biomarcadores de estrés cardiovascular. Notablemente, al compararlas con el periodo basal de oxigenoterapia convencional tanto VNI como CNAF demostraron una reducción en el esfuerzo respiratorio, frecuencia respiratoria y un aumento significativo en ΔEELV. Conclusión: Tanto VNI como CNAF producen una marcada disminución del trabajo respiratorio en pacientes con alto riesgo de falla de destete durante la fase postextubación. Sin embargo, el impacto de VNI es superior a la CNAF, particularmente en los pacientes que presentan un mayor nivel de trabajo respiratorio basal. Además, tanto VNI como CNAF inducen un aumento del EELV de magnitud comparable, pero sólo VNI aumenta el volumen corriente y modifica el patrón respiratorio.
- ItemEffect of positive end expiratory pressure on lung injury and haemodynamics during experimental acute respiratory distress syndrome treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and near-apnoeic ventilation(2021) Araos, Joaquin; Alegría Vargas, Leyla; Garcia, Aline; Cruces, Pablo; Soto Muñoz, Dagoberto Igor; Erranz, Benjamín; Salomon, Tatiana; Medina, Tania; García Valdes, Patricio Hernán; Dubo, Sebastian; Bachmann Barron, María Consuelo; Basoalto Escobar, Roque Ignacio; Valenzuela, Emilio Daniel; Rovegno Echavarría, Maximiliano David; Vera Alarcón, María Magdalena; Retamal Montes, Jaime; Cornejo Rosas, Rodrigo Alfredo; Bugedo Tarraza, Guillermo; Bruhn, AlejandroBackground: Lung rest has been recommended during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Whether positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) confers lung protection during ECMO for severe ARDS is unclear. We compared the effects of three different PEEP levels whilst applying near-apnoeic ventilation in a model of severe ARDS treated with ECMO. Methods: Acute respiratory distress syndrome was induced in anaesthetised adult male pigs by repeated saline lavage and injurious ventilation for 1.5 h. After ECMO was commenced, the pigs received standardised near-apnoeic ventilation for 24 h to maintain similar driving pressures and were randomly assigned to PEEP of 0, 10, or 20 cm H2O (n¼7 per group). Respiratory and haemodynamic data were collected throughout the study. Histological injury was assessed by a pathologist masked to PEEP allocation. Lung oedema was estimated by wet-to-dry-weight ratio. Results: All pigs developed severe ARDS. Oxygenation on ECMO improved with PEEP of 10 or 20 cm H2O, but did not in pigs allocated to PEEP of 0 cm H2O. Haemodynamic collapse refractory to norepinephrine (n¼4) and early death (n¼3) occurred after PEEP 20 cm H2O. The severity of lung injury was lowest after PEEP of 10 cm H2O in both dependent and non-dependent lung regions, compared with PEEP of 0 or 20 cm H2O. A higher wet-to-dry-weight ratio, indicating worse lung injury, was observed with PEEP of 0 cmH2O. Histological assessment suggested that lung injury was minimised with PEEP of 10 cm H2O. Conclusions: During near-apnoeic ventilation and ECMO in experimental severe ARDS, 10 cm H2O PEEP minimised lung injury and improved gas exchange without compromising haemodynamic stability.
- ItemKinesiólogos frente a la pandemia de COVID-19: ¿Cuál es su rol?(2021) Damiani Rebolledo, Luis Felipe; Jalil Contreras, Yorschua Frederick; Basoalto Escobar, Roque Ignacio; Villarroel Silva, Gregory; Garcia Valdes, Patricio HernanEl impacto de la pandemia por COVID-19 a nivel social, económico y sanitario no tiene precedentes. Sólo en Chile hasta el mes de julio de 2020, más de 340.000 personas han contraído la enfermedad y alrededor de 9.000 han fallecido por esta causa. Esta crisis sanitaria ha llevado a una adaptación en todo el sistema de salud y toma de medidas extraordinarias para poder cubrir dichas necesidades. El kinesiólogo como profesional de la salud constituye una pieza fundamental en la atención de estos pacientes. Su rol se ha visto reflejado en las distintas etapas de la enfermedad desde la atención primaria y urgencia hasta la atención de pacientes en la unidad de cuidados intensivos y posterior al alta hospitalaria. Además de su rol clínico asistencial, el kinesiólogo es capaz de contribuir en áreas de educación, promoción, gestión en salud e investigación científica, aspectos que podrían ser esenciales en el manejo de la pandemia. Es deber del kinesiólogo considerar esta oportunidad y asumir los múltiples desafíos derivados de la pandemia para comprometerse y otorgar respuestas a las necesidades sanitarias actuales.
- ItemMechanical Power of Ventilation: From Computer to Clinical Implications(2023) Damiani Rebolledo, L. Felipe; Basoalto Escobar, Roque Ignacio; Retamal Montes, Jaime Alejandro; Bruhn Cruz, Alejandro Rodrigo; Bugedo Tarraza, Guillermo JaimeMechanical ventilation is a lifesaving intervention that may also induce further lung injury by exerting excessive mechanical forces on susceptible lung tissue, a phenomenon termed ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). The concept of mechanical power (MP) aims to unify in one single variable the contribution of the different ventilatory parameters that could induce VILI by measuring the energy transfer to the lung over time. Despite an increasing amount of evidence demonstrating that high MP values can be associated with VILI development in experimental studies, the evidence regarding the association of MP and clinical outcomes remains controversial. In the present review, we describe the different determinants of VILI, the concept and computation of MP, and discuss the experimental and clinical studies related to MP. Currently, due to different limitations, the clinical application of MP is debatable. Further clinical studies are required to enhance our understanding of the relationship between MP and the development of VILI, as well as its potential impact on clinical outcomes.
- ItemPhysiological effects of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy after extubation: a randomized crossover study(2023) Basoalto Escobar, Roque Ignacio; Damiani Rebolledo, L. Felipe; Jalil, Yorschua; Bachmann, María Consuelo; Oviedo, Vanessa; Alegría Vargas, Leyla; Valenzuela, Emilio Daniel; Rovegno Echavarria, Maxiliano; Ruiz-Rudolph, Pablo; Cornejo, Rodrigo; Retamal Montes, Jaime; Bugedo Tarraza, Guillermo; Thille, Arnaud W.; Bruhn, AlejandroAbstract: Background: Prophylactic high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy can decrease the risk of extubation failure. It is frequently used in the postextubation phase alone or in combination with noninvasive ventilation. However, its physiological effects in this setting have not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study was to determine comprehensively the effects of HFNC applied after extubation on respiratory effort, diaphragm activity, gas exchange, ventilation distribution, and cardiovascular biomarkers. Methods: This was a prospective randomized crossover physiological study in critically ill patients comparing 1 h of HFNC versus 1 h of standard oxygen after extubation. The main inclusion criteria were mechanical ventilation for at least 48 h due to acute respiratory failure, and extubation after a successful spontaneous breathing trial (SBT). We measured respiratory effort through esophageal/transdiaphragmatic pressures, and diaphragm electrical activity (ΔEAdi). Lung volumes and ventilation distribution were estimated by electrical impedance tomography. Arterial and central venous blood gases were analyzed, as well as cardiac stress biomarkers. Results: We enrolled 22 patients (age 59 ± 17 years; 9 women) who had been intubated for 8 ± 6 days before extubation. Respiratory effort was significantly lower with HFNC than with standard oxygen therapy, as evidenced by esophageal pressure swings (5.3 [4.2–7.1] vs. 7.2 [5.6–10.3] cmH2O; p < 0.001), pressure–time product (85 [67–140] vs. 156 [114–238] cmH2O*s/min; p < 0.001) and ΔEAdi (10 [7–13] vs. 14 [9–16] µV; p = 0.022). In addition, HFNC induced increases in end-expiratory lung volume and PaO2/FiO2 ratio, decreases in respiratory rate and ventilatory ratio, while no changes were observed in systemic hemodynamics, Troponin T, or in amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide. Conclusions: Prophylactic application of HFNC after extubation provides substantial respiratory support and unloads respiratory muscles.