Browsing by Author "Barrales, Luis"

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    Antología: dramaturgia chilena del 2000: nuevas escrituras
    (Cuarto Propio, 2009) Barrales, Luis; Burgos, Juan Claudio; Galemiri, Benjamín; Infante, Manuela; Kalawski Isla, Andrés Antonio; López Montaner, Ana; Hurtado, María de la Luz; Martínez Tabares, Vivian
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    Antología: un siglo de dramaturgia chilena: tomo IV Período 1990-2009
    (Publicaciones Comisión Bicentenario Chile 2010, 2010) Galemiri, Benjamín; Figueroa, Cristian; Soto, Cristián; Harcha Cortés, Ana; Burgos, Juan Claudio; Infante, Manuela; Barrales, Luis; Calderón, Guillermo; Moreno, Alejandro; Hurtado, María de la Luz; Barría, Mauricio
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    Direct and indirect in vitro organogensis of Leucocoryne purpurea (Alliaceae) a chilean ornamental geophyte
    (SEJANI PUBL, 2008) Escobar, Luis H.; Jordan, Miguel; Olate, Eduardo; Barrales, Luis; Gebauer, Marlene
    In vitro shoot induction from callus and direct bulbil formation from shoots were obtained in Leucocoryne purpurea, an endemic vulnerable Chilean species. Basal leaf portions, bulb basal plate and root tips from in vitro gown plants were used as explants. Only bulb basal plate explants displayed morphogenic responses. Callus, shoot and bulbils developed on MS basal medium in the presence of various growth regulator combinations. Callus formation from bulb basal explants ranged between 40 to 100%; the highest response was observed in the presence of 4.5 or 13.6 mu M 2,4-D alone or 4.5 mu M 2,4-D in combination with 0.5 mu M BA after 4 months. Picloram alone or in combination with 2iP or BAP also supported callus initiation. Indirect shoot formation from callus occurred only after a further culture period of 2 months in MS medium containing 0.5 or 2.3 mu M TDZ. Basal bulb plate explants cultured in the presence of TDZ alone (0.5 and 2.3 RM, respectively) exhibited direct shoot formation within 90 days. After subculture in the presence of 0.5 mu M TDZ each single shoot formed new shoots (3 to 4) and new bulbils. However higher TDZ levels, up to 2.3 mu M, produced shoots with roots only, inhibiting bulbil formation, and the 4.5 mu M TDZ concentration caused necrosis.
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    Effect of thinning on growth and shape of Castanea sativa adult tree plantations for timber production in Chile
    (2023) Benedetti-Ruiz, Susana; Loewe-Munoz, Veronica; Del Rio, Rodrigo; Delard, Claudia; Barrales, Luis; Balzarini, Monica
    Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) is an interesting species for high-quality timber production. It is well known that the species responds to early thinning, but there is no information on the impact of late interventions. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of a late thinning on the performance of unmanaged adult chestnut plantations in Chile. Future-tree selective thinning and control were compared in adult plantations using a randomized complete block design with three replicates at three sites, Minas, Pillo-Pillo and Pumillahue. Tree growth was evaluated periodically during the first 7 years after thinning in all plantations. Additionally, almost 20 years after the intervention, the Pumillahue plantation was measured for growth and tree shape variables. In this case study, the effect of thinning on tree growth decreased considerably after 5 years, with a maximum DBH increment in the third year after the intervention (45.8 %, 68.6 %, and 42.2 % in Minas, Pillo-Pillo and Pum-illahue, respectively). In all plantations, basal area was smaller in the thinned plots in the first years after the intervention, but in Pumillahue, 19 years after thinning, no differences were found among treatments. Height was statistically greater under thinning seven years after the intervention; this effect was also found in Pum-illahue plantation 19 years after thinning. Most trees showed high vigor, and were straight and healthy, even in control plots. Late effect of thinning was observed 19 years after thinning on tree shape, with a reduction in the proportion of bifurcated trees from 16 % to 8 %. The results suggest that late thinning is an effective silvicultural intervention to produce high-quality chestnut timber in unmanaged adult plantations. Progressive and frequent thinning should be used to increase growth and improve timber production in chestnut.
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    FEEDING DRY OLIVE CAKE MODIFIES SUBCUTANEOUS FAT COMPOSITION IN LAMBS, NOTING CAKE RESISTANCE TO DEGRADATION AND PEROXIDATION
    (INST INVESTIGACIONES AGROPECUARIAS, 2009) Vera, Raul; Aguilar, Claudio; Lira, Rodrigo; Toro, Paula; Barrales, Luis; Pena, Ivan; Squella, Fernando; Perez, Patricio; Quenaya, Javiera; Yutronic, Hanja; Briones, Ignacio
    The purpose of this experiment was to determine the extent to which lamb carcass quality and fat composition could be altered by applying a dry olive cake-based ration instead of a conventional ration or pasture feeding. Three treatments were compared in a completely randomized experiment using 36 single male Suffolk Down lambs with an initial age and live weight of 80 d and 25 kg, respectively. The three treatments were: (a) suckling lambs kept with their mothers on annual Mediterranean grassland (GRAZE); (b) weaned stall-fed lambs on a control ration (CONC); and (c) weaned stall-fed lambs on an olive cake-based ration (CAKE). At the end of the 28-d experimental period, lambs were slaughtered, carcass quality evaluated, and samples of subcutaneous fat analyzed for fatty acids. Treatments did not differ in weight gain or carcass weight and quality, but highly significant differences were found in several fatty acid contents. CAKE animals had reduced palmitic acid as well as increased oleic and stearic acid contents. Atherogenic and thrombogenic indices improved with cake feeding. Principal component and discriminant analyses clearly differentiated treatments suggesting they could be applicable for traceability purposes. A laboratory experiment demonstrated that with or without added vitamin E, the dry olive cake did not alter its lipid properties with increased storage time.
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    Mixed Castanea sativa plantations including arboreal companion species enhance chestnut growth and high-quality timber production
    (2023) Loewe-Munoz, Veronica; Delard, Claudia; del Rio, Rodrigo; Barrales, Luis; Balzarini, Monica
    Context: Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) is an important tree species for its timber, which is widely used for multiple purposes, including the veneer industry. The species has an interesting productive potential in Chile and requires specific management strategies to produce valuable, high-quality logs. Although mixed plantations including companion species usually enhance timber quality of several trees, the performance of chestnut under different associations is not well known. Aims: The objective of this study was to assess growth, survival, health, and timber quality of chestnut trees in several plantation types, including monoculture and mixtures with other companion trees and/or shrub. Methods: Growth and survival measurements were taken periodically in pure chestnut and mixed plantations established in southern Chile for a 20-year period after planting. The mixed plantations tested were: a main forest species mixture (Castanea sativa Mill., Quercus rubra L., Quercus robur L. and Prunus avium L.); three mixtures including main forest species plus one arboreal companion species (Alnus glutinosa L., Gevuina avellana Mol. or Embothrium coccineum J.R. Forst. & G. Forst.); one including main forest species plus one shrub nurse species (Fabiana imbricata Ruiz & Pav.); and three mixtures including one of the arboreal companion species and the shrub. Timber quality variables were assessed at age 20, and health status was recorded at ages 7 and 20 in all plantations. Growth variables were analyzed using linear mixed models to assess plantation effect over time. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Log Rank Test were used to compare chestnut tree survival among plantation types. Quality timber variables were analyzed with a chi 2 test. Results: Chestnut trees associated with arboreal main species (P. avium, Q. rubra, Q. robur) (Mix1) showed the best performance, with 10.1 % and 8.3 % higher height than average values of the other mixtures and the monoculture, respectively, and 19.1 % and 12.8 % higher diameter growth than across plantation types and monoculture average values, respectively. Mix1 had the highest average volume per tree (0.34 m(-3)), at least 30 % higher than the average volume of pure and other mixed plantations. This mixture including only main species also exhibited the highest percentage of trees with high trunk length values of all plantation types. No pest or diseases were recorded on chestnut trees, and survival was high in all plantation types. Conclusion: The impact of mixed plantations on growth and timber quality was evidenced at age 20. In particular, the association including arboreal companion species enhanced chestnut tree performance.
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    Nutrient absorption, feed intake and liveweight change as a consequence of Roux - en - Y gastric bypass with increasing alimentary limb lengths in the pig model.
    (2011) Gandarillas Henríquez, Mónica; Boza, Camilo; Barrales, Luis; Hodgkinson, Suzanne Marie; Bas Mir, Fernando
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    Nutrient absorption, feed intake and liveweight change as a consequence of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass with increasing alimentary limb lengths in the pig model
    (2011) Gandarillas, Monica; Boza, Camilo; Barrales, Luis; Marie Hodgkinson, Suzanne; Bas, Fernando
    M. Gandarillas, C. Boza, S.M. Hodgkinson, L. Barrales, and F. Bas. 2011. Nutrient absorption, feed intake and liveweight change as a consequence of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass with increasing alimentary limb lengths in the pig model. Cien. Inv. Agr. 38(1): 31-39. Roux-en Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) combines a restrictive and malabsortive component of the digestive system. Metabolic outcomes of increasing the latter, is a matter of research interest. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional consequences of RYGBP with different alimentary limb lengths using a pig model. Twenty-six pigs were randomly assigned to four laparoscopic procedures: RYGBP with 300 cm of alimentary limb (1300); RYGBP with 600 cm (1600); RYGBP with 900 cm (T900); sham operation (TS). RYGBP consisted of creating a proximal gastric pouch with a 300, 600 and 900 cm alimentary limb. Sham operation was performed by bowel transections and reanastomosis in the ileum and proximal jejunum together with gastrotomy and closure. Animals were evaluated weekly for weight increase and monthly for food intake. Eighteen weeks after surgery, fecal in vivo apparent digestibility of protein, fat, fiber, calcium and phosphorous were determined. We performed ANOVA and Tukcy tests to detect differences in weight, feed intake and digestibility. We observed significant differences in liveweight after 10 weeks among T300, 1600 and T900 as compared to TS. No differences were found among T300, T600 and 1900. We also observed significant differences in feed intake among 1300, T600 and T900 versus TS. No differences among treatments for digestibility of fat; fiber; protein and energy were found. Calcium and phosphorous apparent digestibility differed among treatments. RYGBP reduced weight increase in the porcine model and calcium and phosphorous digestibility was reduced with longer limbs.