Browsing by Author "Azar Denecken, Ariel Ricardo"

Now showing 1 - 9 of 9
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    Adulthood employment trajectories and later life mental health before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic
    (MDPI, 2022) Cabib Madero, Ignacio Andrés; Budnevich Portales, Carlos; Azar Denecken, Ariel Ricardo
    Background: This life course study has two aims. First, to explore how diverse employment trajectories across adulthood are related to older people's mental health in Chile, a country with no research in this field, and second, to analyze these associations before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We use data from the nationally-representative and longitudinal 'Chilean Social Protection Survey' sequence analysis to reconstruct employment trajectory types, and bivariate and multivariate analyses to measure their association with depressive symptoms. Results: Our findings indicate that formal labor force patterns in adulthood show the lowest burden of depressive symptomology before and after the onset of the overwhelming COVID-19 pandemic when controlling for traditional risk factors. Conclusion: We emphasize that policymakers in both the labor market and public health domains must consider the relationship between informal employment pathways in adulthood and poorer mental health in old age. Public policies should improve the conditions and quality of jobs during adulthood and promote more formalization in the labor market to address the high uncertainty involving low social protection, which is strongly associated with severe mental health problems in later life.
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    Advantages and disadvantages across the life course and health status in old age among women in Chile
    (2019) Madero Cabib, Ignacio; Azar Denecken, Ariel Ricardo; Pérez Cruz, Pedro
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    Deserving a Just Pension : A Factorial Survey Approach
    (2019) Castillo Valenzuela, Juan Carlos; Olivos, Francisco; Azar Denecken, Ariel Ricardo
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    Determinantes individuales, sociales y ambientales del sobrepeso y la obesidad adolescente en Chile
    (2015) Azar Denecken, Ariel Ricardo; Franetovic, G.; Martinez, M.; Santos, H.
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    Income, egalitarianism and attitudes towards healthcare policy : a study on public attitudes in 29 countries
    (2018) Azar Denecken, Ariel Ricardo; Maldonado Navarro, Luis Edgardo; Castillo Valenzuela, Juan Carlos; Atria Curi, Jorge Andrés
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    Lifetime employment, tobacco use, and alcohol consumption trajectories and cardiovascular diseases in old age
    (2021) Madero Cabib, Ignacio; Azar Denecken, Ariel Ricardo; Bambs S., Claudia
    Despite the great advances of life course epidemiology studies during the last decade in understanding the general health effects of employment trajectories, research has yet to evaluate the effects of employment trajectories along with other major risk factors, such as tobacco and alcohol consumption, on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)—the main cause of deaths worldwide. This is highly relevant, since health advantages in one domain (e.g., being a permanent formal full-time worker) may offset health disadvantages in other domains (e.g., being a regular smoker or alcohol consumer); conversely, disadvantages in both domains may interact, leading to even greater health risks. Considering these knowledge gaps, this research has two main objectives: (1) to reconstruct simultaneous employment, tobacco use, and alcohol consumption trajectories over the life course(from birth to old age) and (2) to measure the association between these trajectories and CVD in old age. Drawing on a rich and comprehensive life history dataset and using multichannel sequence and regression analyses, we analyzed a cohort of individuals aged 65–75 in Chile, a Latin American country with high social inequalities and scarce research on this matter. Our study shows that following a trajectory of formal employment together with no tobacco and alcohol use reduces CVD risk by 36 percentage points relative to a similar employment trajectory but with regular tobacco and alcohol use. Even with an employment trajectory characterized by constant informal employment or permanent inactivity, a life course free of regular tobacco and alcohol use shows protective effects against CVD. This study stresses the importance of health policies that consider CVD as a condition that strongly depends on individual experiences in multiple life domains and across different lifestages.
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    Risk Exposure, Humanitarianism and Willingness to Pay for Universal Healthcare: A Cross-National Analysis of 28 Countries
    (2019) Maldonado Navarro, Luis Edgardo; Olivos, F.; Castillo, J. C.; Atria Curi, Jorge Andrés; Azar Denecken, Ariel Ricardo
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    Simultaneous employment and depressive symptom trajectories around retirement age in Chile
    (Routledge Journals Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Cabib Madero, Ignacio Andrés; Azar Denecken, Ariel Ricardo; Guerra Spencer, Josefa Antonia
    Objectives: Over the last decade, an increasing number of empirical studies have examined long-term patterns of depression among adults around retirement age and identified employment status as a crucial determinant. However, most research has examined associations between cross-sectional measures of employment and prospective depression patterns, overlooking the changing nature of employment statuses, particularly close to retirement age. Furthermore, most knowledge in this field comes from studies conducted in developed countries in Western Europe and North America. To address these gaps, this study examined simultaneous trajectories in the employment and depressive symptom domains among two age groups of Chileans before and after the standard retirement age. Method: Using population-representative data and longitudinal statistical methods, we identified different trajectory types among two age groups (one aged 56-65 and another aged 66-75, at baseline) and characterized them according to social and health characteristics. Results: We found that trajectories defined by permanent employment were accompanied by lower depressive symptoms than trajectories indicating either retirement or inactivity. However, trajectories combining employment and the absence of depressive symptoms were primarily followed by individuals with advantaged health and social statuses at the baseline. Conclusion: Public policies aimed at promoting the mental health of older adults through their labor market integration risk forcing individuals who have accumulated social and health disadvantages across the life course to work longer.
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    Socially stratified associations between self-employment and health among Chilean older people
    (2023) Cabib Madero, Ignacio Andres; Azar Denecken, Ariel Ricardo; Biehl Lundberg, Andres; Budnevich Portales, Carlos
    Non-standard forms of employment, such as self-employment, are among the most prevalent routes for older people to access the workforce. While the financial benefits of any form of self-employment in later life have been widely acknowledged, less is known about their impact on health. This study explores the association between self-employment and 16 health outcomes among older people with different social stratification characteristics in Chile, a developing country experiencing rapid population ageing. We rely on a rich representative life history survey of Chilean men and women between the ages 65 and 75 years (N = 802) living in the capital Santiago, weighted sequence analysis to reconstruct employment histories and weighted regression analysis to measure the association between self-employment and health in later life. All our analyses are adjusted by both individual lifetime health indicators and employment trajectories. Our results show that being self-employed relative to not working is positively associated with health in seven out of 16 outcomes. More surprisingly, those in a self-employment position seem to enjoy better health outcomes, particularly among the less educated and lower-income levels. These stratified associations raise questions about how these individuals enjoy better health despite facing adverse social conditions.