Browsing by Author "Aydin, Umut"
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- ItemCompetition Law and Policy in Mexico : Successes and Challenges(2016) Aydin, Umut
- ItemEmbracing policy innovations from abroad: the role of learning in Chile?s anti-cartel reforms(Policy press, 2023) Aydin, UmutWhy and how do policymakers initially sceptical of policy innovations from abroad eventually transfer them to their own countries? Focusing on Chile's reforms to combat business cartels in 2009 and 2016, this article answers that question. Policy diffusion and transfer literatures maintain that coercion, competition, learning or emulation could account for foreign inspirations in policymaking. However, these literatures overplay the role of coercion and emulation in policy transfer to countries in the global south, and have difficulty distinguishing between different mechanisms in empirical studies. To address these limitations, I suggest analysing three intermediate causal steps in policy transfer: first, policymakers' motivations in initiating policy reforms, second, their reflections on how the foreign-inspired model responds to the policy problem at hand, and third, their reflections on the fit between the foreign model and domestic conditions. Through process-tracing of two anti-cartel reforms in Chile, I find that policymakers introduced foreign-inspired policy measures to combat business cartels through a process of learning from other countries and international organisations, rather than coercion or emulation. Learning was evident in three ways. First, in the initiation of the reform, as policymakers responded to a clearly identified policy problem; second, in policymakers' careful reflection on how the foreign-inspired model responded to these problems; and third, in the adjustments made to fit the foreign model to domestic conditions. The analysis demonstrates the utility of analysing intermediate causal steps in policy transfer, and of paying more attention to local actors and political processes.
- ItemEmbracing policy innovations from abroad: the role of learning in Chile?s anti-cartel reforms(Wiley, 2023) Aydin, UmutWhy and how do policymakers initially sceptical of policy innovations from abroad eventually transfer them to their own countries? Focusing on Chile's reforms to combat business cartels in 2009 and 2016, this article answers that question. Policy diffusion and transfer literatures maintain that coercion, competition, learning or emulation could account for foreign inspirations in policymaking. However, these literatures overplay the role of coercion and emulation in policy transfer to countries in the global south, and have difficulty distinguishing between different mechanisms in empirical studies. To address these limitations, I suggest analysing three intermediate causal steps in policy transfer: first, policymakers' motivations in initiating policy reforms, second, their reflections on how the foreign-inspired model responds to the policy problem at hand, and third, their reflections on the fit between the foreign model and domestic conditions. Through process-tracing of two anti-cartel reforms in Chile, I find that policymakers introduced foreign-inspired policy measures to combat business cartels through a process of learning from other countries and international organisations, rather than coercion or emulation. Learning was evident in three ways. First, in the initiation of the reform, as policymakers responded to a clearly identified policy problem; second, in policymakers' careful reflection on how the foreign-inspired model responded to these problems; and third, in the adjustments made to fit the foreign model to domestic conditions. The analysis demonstrates the utility of analysing intermediate causal steps in policy transfer, and of paying more attention to local actors and political processes.
- ItemEmerging middle powers and the liberal international order(OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2021) Aydin, UmutIn the post-Cold War era, a number of middle powers rose to prominence thanks to domestic reforms and a favourable international environment of economic and political globalization. These countries began to pursue middle power foreign policies, working actively in international organizations, engaging in areas such as conflict mediation, humanitarian assistance and the promotion of human rights, and helping to diffuse democracy and market reforms in their neighbourhoods. In this way, they contributed to the stability and expansion of the liberal international order in the post-Cold War period. Nonetheless, recent democratic and economic backsliding in these middle powers raises concerns. Focusing on the cases of Turkey and Mexico, this article explores how reversals in democratic and market reforms, exacerbated by recent trends towards deglobalization, influence emerging middle powers' foreign policies and their potential contributions to the liberal international order. I argue that whereas their rise had helped reinforce and expand the liberal international order, emerging middle powers' illiberal turn may have a destabilizing effect on this order.
- ItemFabrizio de Francesco (2013). Transnational Policy Innovation: The OECD and the Diffusion of Regulatory Impact Analysis. Colchester, UK: ECPR Press, 207 pp. Katerina Linos (2013). The Democratic Foundations of Policy Diffusion: How Health, Family and Employment Laws Spread Across Countries. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 231 pp.(Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, 2016) Aydin, Umut
- ItemIgnorance or interest : why states don't regulate transboundary aquifers?(2021) Neirot, Andrea Paola; Aydin, Umut; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Instituto de Ciencia Política¿Por qué los estados no regulan los acuíferos transfronterizos? Al abordar la política internacional de regulación de las aguas subterráneas, esta tesis se ocupa de los factores que ejercen influencia en la regulación de los acuíferos transfronterizos; los procesos mediante los cuales se negocian los acuerdos interestatales sobre acuíferos compartidos (si los hay) y el resultado final, es decir, el tipo de reglas y regímenes establecidos e implementados para la gestión del acuífero (cuán estricto es). El objetivo es explorar las fuerzas políticas locales, regionales o internacionales que facilitan o dificultan la coordinación de políticas entre estados, y analizar las fortalezas y debilidades de diversos mecanismos institucionales establecidos para cooperar en la gestión y conservación de las aguas subterráneas compartidas. Considerando la regulación de los acuíferos transfronterizos -y cuán estricta será- como resultado a explicar, el análisis se centra en tres factores causales aquí considerados como fundamentales: el impacto del conocimiento científico sobre el acuífero, la presencia de actores económicos a favor del status quo, y de actores políticos nacionales a favor de la regulación de esos acuíferos transfronterizos. La presente tesis doctoral introduce este tema desde la perspectiva de las relaciones internacionales, incorporando conocimientos y enfoques provenientes del Derecho Internacional y la Hidrogeología para comprender por qué (o por qué no) los Estados regulan este recurso estratégico transfronterizo. La estrategia de investigación se basa en el estudio de tres casos: el Acuífero de Ginebra, un caso exitoso de regulación transnacional entre Francia y Suiza; ii) el Acuífero Guaraní, donde recientemente entró en vigor el acuerdo entre Argentina, Brasil, Paraguay y Uruguay -luego de más de diez años desde su firma-, pero los estados aún no han realizado avances en esa materia; iii) los acuíferos Ollagüe-Pastos Grandes y Ascotán, compartidos entre Chile y Bolivia, que no han sido regulados. Utilizando la metodología de process tracing para analizar los casos seleccionados, se observa que dos de los factores causales son fundamentales y necesarios para lograr el resultado: el conocimiento desarrollado sobre los acuíferos transfronterizos, y el interés de los actores políticos nacionales en regular las aguas subterráneas compartidos. Si están ausentes, no habrá regulación. La presencia de los actores económicos partidarios de mantener el statu quo impacta en el resultado, especialmente cuando los actores políticos nacionales no muestran interés en regular estos recursos, o estos intereses son fluctuantes e inconstantes. Finalmente, la incidencia del conflicto como factor coadyuvante es evidente en el caso de los acuíferos compartidos entre Chile y Bolivia.
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- ItemPromoting Competition: European Union and the Global Competition Order(2012) Aydin, UmutGlobal developments such as economic interdependence and the proliferation of national and regional competition regimes have created a complex international competition policy environment. The European Commission's DG Competition has responded to these developments by making the international dimension of competition policy a priority since the late 1980s. It advocated for the establishment of a binding multilateral competition framework at the WTO, pursued bilateral cooperation agreements, extraterritorially applied its competition rules, and tried to export its competition policy model to its neighbors. This paper examines DG Competition's objectives and strategies in internationalizing the EU's competition policy, and evaluates the success of these strategies in furthering the EU's goals in this area. The findings suggest that among all of the strategies it has tried, the DG has had most success with exporting the EU's competition regime to other countries; however, this strategy may have reached its limits, and needs to be supplemented by multilateral efforts.
- ItemPromoting Competition: European Union and the Global Competition Order(Wiley, 2012) Aydin, UmutGlobal developments such as economic interdependence and the proliferation of national and regional competition regimes have created a complex international competition policy environment. The European Commission's DG Competition has responded to these developments by making the international dimension of competition policy a priority since the late 1980s. It advocated for the establishment of a binding multilateral competition framework at the WTO, pursued bilateral cooperation agreements, extraterritorially applied its competition rules, and tried to export its competition policy model to its neighbors. This paper examines DG Competition's objectives and strategies in internationalizing the EU's competition policy, and evaluates the success of these strategies in furthering the EU's goals in this area. The findings suggest that among all of the strategies it has tried, the DG has had most success with exporting the EU's competition regime to other countries; however, this strategy may have reached its limits, and needs to be supplemented by multilateral efforts.
- ItemRule-takers, rule-makers, or rule-promoters? Turkey and Mexico's role as rising middle powers in global economic governance(WILEY, 2019) Aydin, UmutRising middle powers play increasingly active international roles, yet so far we lack systematic analyses of their aspirations and impact on global economic governance. This paper addresses this gap. I argue that the role that rising middle powers assume in global economic governance depends on the degree of alignment of their regulatory preferences with those of established powers, and on the strength of their regulatory institutions. If their preferences are aligned and they develop high regulatory capacity in an issue area, they will aspire to promote existing global rules in their own region. They will engage in regional rule-promotion because of growing economic ties to their region, and also because their regulatory agencies are socialized into these rules within transgovernmental networks. I explore these arguments empirically through case studies of two rising middle powers, Turkey and Mexico, in the global governance of competition law and policy.
- ItemThe Challenges and Trajectories of EU Competition Policy in the Twenty-first Century(2012) Aydin, Umut; Thomas, Kenneth P.Sixty years have now passed since the signing of the Treaty of Paris establishing the European Coal and Steel Community in 1951, and during that period competition policy has become firmly anchored as one of the key pillars of European integration. A regime of European competition governance has emerged that centers on the European Commission, specifically its Directorate-General for Competition (DG COMP), and has matured to tackle the four constituent parts of the EU competition policy brief, cartels, monopolies, mergers and state aid. The focus and enforcement of EU competition policy is constantly being reviewed in response to new challenges and opportunities as DG COMP seeks greater consistency in competition norms and greater policy convergence both within the EU and the wider global environment. The opening article of this volume introduces the context in which substantive changes to the EU competition regime has occurred in the twenty-first century. It identifies the major drivers for such change including economic interdependence, the proliferation of national competition laws, and the current financial and economic crisis, and describes how EU competition policy has evolved in response to these challenges.
- ItemThe Chilean Anti-cartel Experience: Accomplishments and Challenges(2019) Aydin, Umut; Figueroa González, Nicolás Andrés
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- ItemWith or Without the EU? Europeanisation of Asylum and Competition Policies in Turkey(2013) Aydin, Umut; Kirisci, Kemal