Browsing by Author "Ayares Campos, Gustavo Ignacio"

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    Association between public health policies on alcohol and worldwide cancer, liver disease and cardiovascular disease outcomes
    (Elsevier B.V., 2023) Diaz Piga, Luis Antonio; Fuentes, López Eduardo; Idalsoaga Ferrer, Francisco Javier; Ayares Campos, Gustavo Ignacio; Corsi Sotelo, Oscar Felipe; Arnold Alvarez, Jorge Ignacio; Cannistra Cadiz, Macarena Rossella; Vio Quiroz, Danae Fernanda; Marquez Lomas, Andrea; Ramirez Cadiz, Carolina Andrea; Medel Salas, María Paz; Hernández Tejero, María; Ferreccio Readi, Fresia Catterina; Lazo Bravo, Mariana Carolina; Roblero Cum, Juan Pablo; Cotter, Thomas G.; Kulkarni ,Anand V.; Kim, Won; Brahmania, Mayur; Louvet, Alexandre; Tapper, Elliot B.; Dunn, Winston; Simonetto, Douglas; Shah, Vijay H.; Kamath, Patrick S.; Lazarus, Jeffrey V.; Singal, Ashwabi K.; Bataller, Ramón; Arrese Jimenez, Marco Antonio; Arab Verdugo, Juan Pablo
    © 2023 The Author(s)Background & Aims: The long-term impact of alcohol-related public health policies (PHPs) on disease burden is unclear. We aimed to assess the association between alcohol-related PHPs and alcohol-related health consequences. Methods: We conducted an ecological multi-national study including 169 countries. We collected data on alcohol-related PHPs from the WHO Global Information System of Alcohol and Health 2010. Data on alcohol-related health consequences between 2010–2019 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease database. We classified PHPs into five items, including criteria for low, moderate, and strong PHP establishment. We estimated an alcohol preparedness index (API) using multiple correspondence analysis (0 lowest and 100 highest establishment). We estimated an incidence rate ratio (IRR) for outcomes according to API using adjusted multilevel generalized linear models with a Poisson family distribution. Results: The median API in the 169 countries was 54 [IQR 34.9–76.8]. The API was inversely associated with alcohol use disorder (AUD) prevalence (IRR 0.13; 95% CI 0.03–0.60; p = 0.010), alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) mortality (IRR 0.14; 95% CI 0.03–0.79; p = 0.025), mortality due to neoplasms (IRR 0.09; 95% CI 0.02–0.40; p = 0.002), alcohol-attributable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (IRR 0.13; 95% CI 0.02–0.65; p = 0.014), and cardiovascular diseases (IRR 0.09; 95% CI 0.02–0.41; p = 0.002). The highest associations were observed in the Americas, Africa, and Europe. These associations became stronger over time, and AUD prevalence was significantly lower after 2 years, while ALD mortality and alcohol-attributable HCC incidence decreased after 4 and 8 years from baseline API assessment, respectively (p <0.05). Conclusions: The API is a valuable instrument to quantify the robustness of alcohol-related PHP establishment. Lower AUD prevalence and lower mortality related to ALD, neoplasms, alcohol-attributable HCC, and cardiovascular diseases were observed in countries with a higher API. Our results encourage the development and strengthening of alcohol-related policies worldwide. Impact and implications: We first developed an alcohol preparedness index, an instrument to assess the existence of alcohol-related public policies for each country. We then evaluated the long-term association of the country's alcohol preparedness index in 2010 with the burden of chronic liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, other neoplasms, and cardiovascular disease. The strengthening of alcohol-related public health policies could impact long-term mortality rates from cardiovascular disease, neoplasms, and liver disease. These conditions are the main contributors to the global burden of disease related to alcohol use. Over time, this association has not only persisted but also grown stronger. Our results expand the preliminary evidence regarding the importance of public health policies in controlling alcohol-related health consequences.
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    Letter: Potential impact of Helicobacter pylori infection on oesophageal disorders in chronic liver disease—Authors' reply
    (2024) Idalsoaga Ferrer, Francisco Javier; Diaz Piga, Luis Antonio; Ayares Campos, Gustavo Ignacio; Cabrera, Daniel; Chahuan Abde, Javier Nicolas; Monrroy Bravo, Hugo Alfonso; Halawi, Houssam; Arrese Jiménez, Marco Antonio; Arab Verdugo, Juan Pablo
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    Public Health Measures and Prevention of Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease
    (2022) Ayares Campos, Gustavo Ignacio; Idalsoaga Ferrer, Francisco Javier; Arnold Álvarez, Jorge Ignacio; Fuentes López, Eduardo; Arab Verdugo, Juan Pablo; Diaz Piga, Luis Antonio
    Hazardous alcohol consumption causes approximately 4% of deaths globally, constituting one of the leading risk factors for the burden of the disease worldwide. Alcohol has several health consequences, such as alcohol-associated liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, nonliver neoplasms, physical injury, cardiac disease, and psychiatric disorders. Alcohol misuse significantly affects workforce productivity, with elevated direct and indirect economic costs. Due to the high impact of alcohol consumption on the population, public health has led to the development of a range of strategies to reduce its harmful effects. Regulatory public health policies (PHP) for alcohol can exist at the global, regional, international, national, or subnational levels. Effective strategies incorporate a multilevel, multicomponent approach, targeting multiple determinants of drinking and alcohol-related harms. The World Health Organization categorizes the PHP into eight categories: national plan to fight the harmful consequences of alcohol, national license and production and selling control, taxes control and pricing policies, limiting drinking age, restrictions on alcohol access, driving-related alcohol policies, control over advertising and promotion, and government monitoring systems. These policies are supported by evidence from different populations, demonstrating that determinants of alcohol use depend on several factors such as socioeconomic level, age, sex, ethnicity, production, availability, marketing, and others. Although most policies have a significant individual effect, a higher number of PHP are associated with a lower burden of disease due to alcohol. The excessive consequences of alcohol constitute a call for action, and clinicians should advocate for developing and implementing a new PHP on alcohol consumption.
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    Review article: Oesophageal disorders in chronic liver disease
    (WILEY, 2024) Idalsoaga Ferrer, Francisco Javier; Diaz Piga, Luis Antonio; Ayares Campos, Gustavo Ignacio; Cabrera, Daniel; Chahuan Abde, Javier Nicolas; Monrroy Bravo, Hugo Alfonso; Halawi, Houssam; Arrese Jimenez, Marco Antonio; Arab Verdugo, Juan Pablo
    Background: Oesophageal disorders and chronic liver disease are common worldwide and significantly impact quality of life. The intricate link between these conditions, including how oesophageal disorders like GERD, Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal cancer affect and are affected by chronic liver disease, remains poorly understood. Aims: To review the relationship between oesophageal disorders and chronic liver disease, evaluating epidemiology, pathophysiology and therapeutic factors. Methods: We reviewed the literature on the relationship between oesophageal disorders and chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis, using the PubMed database Results: Oesophageal disorders such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett's oesophagus, oesophageal cancer, oesophageal motor disorders and oesophageal candidiasis are prevalent among individuals with cirrhosis, exacerbating the burden of liver disease. These diseases have a multifaceted symptomatology and pathogenic basis, posing a significant challenge in cirrhotic patients that necessitates careful diagnosis and management. Additionally, therapies frequently used for these diseases, such as proton pump inhibitors, require careful consideration in cirrhotic patients due to potential adverse effects and altered pharmacokinetics. Managing oesophageal disorders in cirrhotic patients requires a cautious approach due to possible interactions with medications and the risk of adverse effects. Furthermore, symptoms associated with these conditions are often exacerbated by common interventions in patients with cirrhosis, such as band ligation for oesophageal varices. Conclusions: Oesophageal disorders are common in cirrhosis and increase the disease burden. These conditions require careful management due to complex symptoms and treatment risks. Proton pump inhibitors and other therapies must be used cautiously, as cirrhosis interventions can worsen symptoms.