Browsing by Author "Arnáiz Gómez, Pilar"

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    ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PERINATAL FACTORS AND COMPONENTS OF THE METABOLIC SYNDROME AND INSULIN RESISTANCE IN CHILDREN OF PUENTE ALTO, SANTIAGO, CHILE
    (2013) Mardones, Francisco; Pacheco, M.; Dominguez, Angélica; Villarroel del Pino, Luis A.; Eriksson, J. G.; Arnáiz Gómez, Pilar; Barja Y., Salesa; Castillo Valenzuela, Oscar; Farías Jofré, Marcelo
    Background and objectives: we have previously studied the association of prenatal growth with metabolic syndrome (MS) components, including insulin resistance (IR), in about two thousand Chilean low-income urban school-age children (J Devel Orig Health Dis. 2012; 3(4): 237-244). We aim to ascertain with a higher sample size the influence of the above mentioned variables. Methods: retrospective cohort study linking information on MS and IR in school-age, with perinatal records. 3325 children were enrolled in schools in the district of Puente Alto (Santiago, Chile) during 2009-2011. Anthropometry and blood pressure (BP) were assessed. A blood sample for determination of glycemia, insulinemia (quimioluminiscence) and blood lipids was taken; HOMA was calculated and a national standard was applied to select HOMA-IR cases. Cook et al standard was used to define MS. We used Pearson correlation, chi-square test and logistic regression step-by-step. Linear and quadratic associations were tested with Poisson regression. Results: 3290 children had complete information at birth (98.9%) 52.01% women; aged 11.4 + 1 years. The prevalence of MS and IR was 7.26% and 25.47%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed an inverse association between birth length (BL), gestational age and birth weight (BW) with most dependent variables studied. However BW showed a direct association with the majority of the dependent variables studied. The waist circumference > 90th percentile, BP > 90th percentile and triglycerides > 110 mg/dl were associated with U-shaped BW, BL and ponderal index, respectively. Conclusions: In this new study we could demonstrate a higher number of U-shaped associations with perinatal variables. New studies with higher sample sizes would permit to show this kind of associations and improve our understanding of the early origins of metabolic diseases.
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    Ateroesclerosis subclínica y síndrome metabólico en niños
    (2013) Arnáiz Gómez, Pilar; Barja Y., Salesa; Villarroel del Pino, Luis A.; Domínguez, Angélica; Godoy J., Iván; Castillo Valenzuela, Oscar; Farías Jofré, Marcelo Enrique; Mardones, Francisco
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    Dislipidemias en escolares chilenos: prevalencia y factores asociados
    (2015) Barja Y., Salesa; Arnáiz Gómez, Pilar; Villarroel del Pino, Luis A.; Domínguez de Landa, María Angélica; Castillo Valenzuela, Oscar; Farías Jofré, Marcelo Enrique; Mardones S., Francisco
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    Estado nutricional, síndrome metabólico y resistencia a la insulina en niños de Santiago, Chile
    (2013) Mardones S., Francisco; Barja Y., Salesa; Arnáiz Gómez, Pilar
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    Metabolic syndrome and subclinical atherosclerosis in children
    (2011) Arnáiz Gómez, Pilar; Villarroel del Pino, Luis A.; Godoy J., Iván; Barja Y., Salesa; Castillo Valenzuela, Oscar; Farías Jofré, Marcelo Enrique; Domínguez de Landa, María Angélica; Mardones S., Francisco
    Atherosclerosis begins in childhood in response to the clustering of metabolic syndrome (MS) risk components since early life. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), a surrogate marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, has been strongly related with cardiovascular disease and Diabetes 2 in adulthood. We aimed to study the possible association of CIMT with the MS components in a population of Chilean children. A cross-sectional study of 304 children of low socio-economic strata from an urban area of Santiago was performed during 2009-2010. This sample was selected mainly considering the presence of one or more MS components and insulin resistance (IR). Anthropometry and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were assessed by trained personnel. While fasting, a blood sample was taken to determine lipids (enzymatic colorimetric tests), glycemia (hexoquinase), insulin (quimioluminiscence) and HOMA. CIMT was assessed using ultrasonography with automated software. Pearson correlation, chi-squared test and stepwise regression were used. Mean age was 11.5 ± 0.9 years old; 57% girls and 42% pre-pubertal; 64% overweight; and 25% had MS. MS components distribution was: 20% had 0, 29% had one, 26% had two and 25% had three or more. Pearson coefficients for CIMT medium and maximum with systolic blood pressure were: 0.206 (p 0.0003) and r: 0.213 (p 0.0002). Some MS components and IR had higher proportions of children over the 75th percentile of CIMT medium and maximum in the contingency tables: 1) the proportion of children with high CIMT medium was significantly higher for IR (0.035) and CHDL ≤ 40 mg/dL (p 0.039); 2) A tendency for significant differences was found for the proportions of children with high (>75th percentile) CIMT medium with waist circumference (p 0.052) and children with high (>75th percentile) CIMT maximum with CHDL ≤ 40 mg/dL (p 0.062). Multiple linear regression models for CIMT medium and maximum selected just systolic blood pressure in both; p values were 0.0003 and 0.0002. Univariate analyses showed that CIMT medium and maximum were directly associated with systolic blood pressure. Bivariate analyses showed that CIMT medium was significantly associated with IR and CHDL ≤ 40 mg/dL. However, multiple regression models for both CIMTs just selected systolic blood pressure, a fact that would make it a proxy for CIMTs. These results are the first reported in our country.
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    Metabolic syndrome prevalence in chilean children according to three different criteria and its agreement with insulin resistance
    (2013) Barja Y., Salesa; Arnáiz Gómez, Pilar; Domínguez de Landa, María Angélica; Villarroel del Pino, Luis A.; Castillo Valenzuela, Oscar; Farías Jofré, Marcelo Enrique; Mardones S., Francisco
    Background and objectives: There is not a consensus in Metabolic Syndrome (MS) definition for children and adolescents, although its prevalence is increasing. The aim of the present study was tocompare the prevalence of MS according to three diagnostic criteria for children and adolescents and to study the agreement with insulin resistance (IR). Methods: Cross-sectional study (2009-2011) of 3325 students, 10-15 years old, from schools in Puente Alto County, Santiago, Chile. Anthropometry was performed, measuring blood pressure (BP) and in a fast blood sample: glicemia, insulin, blood lipids. We calculated HOMA-IR (Homeostasis Model Assessment index); values >90th percentile of a normal sub-sample were considered as IR. We compared three criteria of MS: International Diabetes Federation (IDF), Cook S. and De Ferranti S. They define different cut-offs for the five components of MS (waist circumference, triglycerides, HDLCholesterol, blood pressure and glicemia) having bnormal at least three of them. Results: Prevalence of MS was 3.82% for IDF, 7.25% for Cook and 20.48% for de Ferranti criterion (Cochran Q-test, p<0.001). In total 859 subjects were IR (25.8%). 73.2% and 69.7% of the children diagnosed with MS according the first two criteria had IR in but only 52.7% according to the third one (Predictive Positive Values: PPV). To predict IR, each criterion had ROC-AUC of 0.60, 0.62 and 0.67 respectively (adjusted for sex and puberty). IR predicted the presence of MS according the different criteria with PPV of 10.8%, 19.6% and 41.8% and ROC-AUC for HOMA-IR was: 0.84, 0.82 and 0.76 respectively (adjusted for sex and puberty). Conclusions: Prevalence of MS varies significantly according to different criteria. IDF and Cook´s criteria are similar predictors for IR (even the former has higher cutoffs for MS components), better than de Ferranti´s. HOMA-IR was a good predictor of the three MS criteria.
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    La razón cintura estatura en escolares no varía con el género, la edad ni la maduración puberal
    (2014) Arnáiz Gómez, Pilar; Grob Lunecke, Francisca Andrea; Cavada, Gabriel; Domínguez de Landa, María Angélica; Bancalari, Rodrigo; Cerda, Verónica; Zamorano, Juanita; Fernández, Manuel; García Bruce, Hernán