Browsing by Author "Arboleda Baena, Clara María"

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    Abundance, composition and succession of sessile subtidal assemblages in high wave-energy environments of Central Chile : temporal and depth variation
    (2019) Navarrete C., Sergio; Parrague Guzmán, Mirtala Adriana; Osiadacz, Nicole; Rojas, Francisca; Bonicelli, Jessica; Fernández, Miriam; Arboleda Baena, Clara María; Pérez Matus, Alejandro A.; Finke, Randy
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    Assessing Efficacy of “Eco-Friendly” and Traditional Copper-Based Antifouling Materials in a Highly Wave-Exposed Environment
    (2023) Arboleda Baena, Clara María; Osiadacz, Nicole; Parrague, Mirtala; González, Andrés E.; Fernández, Miriam; Finke, Gerhard R.; Navarrete C., Sergio
    Biofouling control on human-made structures and seagoing technologies that minimize environmental impacts is a major focus of research in marine industries. However, the most widely used antifouling (AF) method is still copper-based coatings. Some “eco-friendly” approaches are commercially available but have been scarcely tested in natural conditions, especially high-energy environments. We conducted a replicated long-term field experiment in a highly wave-exposed, high productivity coastal environment to test three untreated materials used in maritime industries, two traditional copper-based AF coatings, and two materials offered as “eco-friendly” AF in the market (i.e., a slow-copper release and a self-adhesive, fiber-covered, skin-like coating). We showed that biofouling cover and biomass increased at similar rates over time among all untreated materials, including the skin-like AF. The two traditional copper-based AF coatings and the slow-release AF paint both showed similarly low biofouling biomass and richness, demonstrating their efficacy after 12 months in the field. Although the “eco-friendly” slow-release technologies are not completely innocuous to the environment, we suggest this approach over the more environmentally aggressive traditional copper paints, which are the most widely used in aquaculture and shipping industries today. However, further research is needed to test whether their environmental impact is significantly lower in the long-term than traditional AF paints, and therefore the search for non-toxic coating must continue. The fortuitous settlement and growth of sea urchins in our experiments also suggest that a combination of “eco-friendly” AF and biological control would be possible and should be further investigated. The skin-like coatings must be tested under different environmental conditions, and they are not recommended in wave-exposed coastal habitats.
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    How macroorganisms affect the epilithic biofilm in the intertidal rocky shore? : trophic and non-trophic pathways
    (2021) Arboleda Baena, Clara María; Navarrete C., Sergio; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas
    The Trophic Networks (consumer-resource relationships) and Ecological Networks (trophic and non-trophic interactions) theories are approaches to studying complex systems that try to incorporate all, or at least a large part of all the species of animals and plants that coexist in a particular place or ecosystem. Among the most complete or well-documented marine ecological networks is the one of macroinvertebrates and macroalgae from the intertidal rocky shore of central Chile. In this ecological network and all the macroorganism networks that have been documented in the literature, microorganisms are represented as one or two homogeneous nodes. Still, these themselves represent complex communities composed of multiple species that interact with each other. This is the case of the epilithic biofilms, which are assemblages of microorganisms (Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes) united by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and adhere to abiotic surfaces such as rocks. The doctoral thesis entitled “How macroorganisms affect the epilithic biofilms in the intertidal rocky shore? Trophic and non-trophic pathways” highlights the importance of incorporating these microbial communities into the ecological network of the intertidal rocky shore of central Chile, presents an important diversity of interactions between macro-and microorganisms, complements the studies previously carried out in the system and generates new questions about the interactions between macro and microscopic components and the dynamics of coastal marine ecosystems.
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    Quantifying % Cover with ImageJ: An Analysis Tool for Image-based Assessments in Grazing Experiment Studies
    (2023) Arboleda Baena, Clara María; Pareja Salazar, Claudia Belén Ignacia; Poblete Rivera, Javiera; Berlow, Eric; Sarmento, Hugo; Logares, Ramiro; Iglesia Cabezas, Rodrigo Alonso de la; Navarrete C., Sergio
    Protocol used in the article “Unifying microorganisms and macrograzers in rocky shore ecological networks: trophic and non-trophic effects on microbial community”.
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    Unifying microorganisms and macrograzers in rocky shore ecological networks
    (2023) Arboleda Baena, Clara María; Pareja Salazar, Claudia Belén; Poblete, Javiera; Berlow, Eric; Sarmento, Hugo; Logares, Ramiro; Iglesia Cabezas, Rodrigo Alonso de la; Navarrete C., Sergio
    Over the past decades, our understanding of the vital role microbes play in ecosystem processes has greatly expanded. However, we still have limited knowledge about how microbial communities interact with larger organisms. Many existing representations of microbial interactions are based on co-occurrence patterns, which do not provide clear insights into trophic or non-trophic relationships. In this study, we untangled trophic and non-trophic interactions between macroscopic and microscopic organisms on a marine rocky shore. Five abundant mollusk grazers were selected, and their consumptive (grazing) and non-consumptive (grazer pedal mucus) interactions with bacteria in biofilms were measured using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. While no significant effects on a commonly used measure of biofilm grazing (Chlorophyll-a concentration) were observed, detailed image analysis revealed that all grazers had a detrimental impact on biofilm cover. Moreover, different grazers exhibited distinct effects on various bacterial groups. Some groups, such as Rhodobacteraceae, Saprospiraceae, Flavobacteriaceae, and Halieaceae, experienced positive effects from specific grazers, while others, like Rhizobiaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, and Flavobacteriaceae were negatively affected by certain grazers. This study presents the first attempt to construct an interaction network between macroorganisms and bacteria. It demonstrates that the strength of trophic and non-trophic interactions varies significantly depending on the mollusk grazer or bacterial group involved. Notably, certain bacterial groups exhibited a generalized response, while others showed specialized responses to specific macroorganisms in trophic or non-trophic interactions. Overall, this work highlights the potential for integrating microbes into ecological networks, providing valuable insights and methodologies for quantifying interactions across Domains. This research complements the previous ecological network, showing that mollusk grazers interact not only trophically but also non-trophically with epilithic biofilms. It identifies three drivers affecting microbial community assembly, crucial for understanding macro-microorganism dynamics in intertidal systems.