Browsing by Author "Araya, Gabriela"

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    Asociación entre tatuajes, perforaciones y conductas de riesgo en adolescentes
    (SOC MEDICA SANTIAGO, 2012) Cossio T, Maria Laura; Giesen F, Laura; Araya, Gabriela; Perez Cotapos S, Maria Luisa
    Background: The use of tattoos and piercings has increased, especially among adolescents in the last decades. Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of these behaviors in adolescents and their association with risk behaviors such as alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use and sexual promiscuity. Material and Methods: An anonymous and confidential survey about tattooing and piercings was applied to randomly selected high school teenagers, attending municipal, private-subsidized and private schools, in four sectors of Santiago (north-east, south-east, north-west, south-west). Results: The surveys were answered by 1329 participants with a mean age of 15 years (62% women) from 9 schools in Santiago. The prevalence of tattoos was 1.7% (confidence intervals (CI) 1.1% to 2.5%). The figure for piercings was 30.6% (CI 28.2 to 33.1%). A higher prevalence of tattooing and piercings was observed in groups with a history of psychiatric disorders, criminal records, alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug consumption and initiation of sexual activity (p < 0,001). Conclusions: This study confirms that tattoos and piercings are indicators of adolescent risk behaviors. (Rev Med Chile 2012; 140: 198-206).
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    Niños y adolescentes con necesidades especiales de atención en salud: prevalencia hospitalaria y riesgos asociados
    (SOC MEDICA SANTIAGO, 2012) Carlos Flores, Juan; Carrillo, Daniela; Karzulovic, Lorena; Cerda, Jaime; Araya, Gabriela; Soledad Matus, Maria; Llevenes, Guillermo; Menchaca, Gonzalo; Vargas, Nelson A.
    Background: "Children with special health care needs" (CSHCN) is a novel definition for pediatric patients with chronic diseases, adopted by the Chilean Pediatric Society in 2008. As life expectancy in Chile increases, prevalence of CSHCN is progressively growing, leading to higher health costs. Aim: To describe the epidemiological profile and clinical characteristics of hospitalized CSHCN, and compare the risk assessment of adverse events during hospitalization using two definitions for CSHCN. Patients and Methods: A cohort of hospitalized CSHCN in a Pediatric Center at Santiago, Chile, was followed from September to December 2009. Clinical and demographic data were registered in a database, including admission to intensive care unit (ICU), nosocomial infections and prolonged hospitalization (> 7 days). Incidence ratios for these events were compared between CSHCN and non-CSHCN, and between children attended by three or more health care professionals (CSHCN-3) and non-CSHCN. Results: Nine hundred twenty patients were included (54% male), with a median age 14 months (0-221) and median days of hospitalization 4 days (1-229). Prevalence of CSHCN was 60.8% of hospitalized children. When using CSHCN definition and comparing with non-CSHCN, no excess of risk was documented. On the other hand, prevalence of CSHCN-3 was 19.9%. Compared to non-CSHCN, these patients had a higher risk of ICU admission (relative risk (RR) 1.58; 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.22-2.05; p < 0.01), nosocomial infections (RR 2.28; 95% CI = 1.54-3.39; p < 0.001) and prolonged hospitalization (RR 1.99; 95% CI = 1.52-2.60; p < 0.001). Conclusions: One in five hospitalized children met CSHCN-3 definition. These patients had an increased risk of adverse events during their hospitalization compared to non-CSHCN. (Rev Med Chile 2012; 140: 458-465).
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    Overexpression of p73 as a Tissue Marker for High-Risk Gastritis
    (AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH, 2010) Carrasco, Gonzalo; Diaz, Jose; Valbuena, Jose R.; Ibanez, Paulina; Rodriguez, Paz; Araya, Gabriela; Rodriguez, Carolina; Torres, Javiera; Duarte, Ignacio; Aravena, Edmundo; Mena, Fernando; Barrientos, Carlos; Corvalan, Alejandro H.
    Purpose: Histologic assessment of high-risk gastritis for the development of gastric cancer is not well defined. The identification of tissue markers together with the integration of histologic features will be required for this assessment.