Browsing by Author "Albornoz Cruz, Juan Pablo"
Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
Results Per Page
Sort Options
- ItemNeuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: Profile of a cohort according to the 2015 diagnostic criteria(Revista de Neurologia, 2017) Uribe San Martin, Reinaldo Moisés; Ciampi Diaz, Ethel Leslie; Galilea Izquierdo, Antonia; Sandoval Rubio, Patricio Alberto Mario; Miranda Vera, Héctor David; Mellado Talesnik, Patricio Andrés; Cárcamo Rodríguez, Claudia Andrea; Albornoz Cruz, Juan Pablo; Huete Garin, Isidro ÁlvaroThe new 2015 criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) have been recently incorporated in the study of different international cohorts. Aim. To describe clinical-radiological characteristics and prognostic factors in patients with NMOSD according to the 2015 criteria. Patients and methods. Retrospective analysis of 36 patients diagnosed with NMOSD according to serologic AQP4 status (positive, negative, unknown and negative + unknown). Clinical and radiological characteristics were compared and possible disability prognostic factors were evaluated. Results. AQP4 were positive in 7 patients, negative in 12 and unknown in 17. Age of presentation was 36.6 ± 16 years, with higher female proportion (4:1). Mean disease duration was 7.4 ± 7.6 years. Most frequent presenting symptoms were acute myelitis (61%), optic neuritis (33%) and area postrema syndrome (11%). Most frequent MRI lesion was longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (75%). All patients received acute treatment during attacks, and preventive treatment was used in 81% (azathioprine and rituximab mostly prescribed). Median EDSS was 2.0 at the end of follow-up. No differences were observed in any of the variables comparing serologic status. Age of first attack was prognostic, with direct correlation with EDSS. First attack in < 30 years was protective, meanwhile > 50 years old patients had increased risk of disability. Conclusions. The 2015 criteria allow the description and classification of NMOSD patients within different cohorts. Age of first attack seems to be a prognostic factor for developing disability.
- ItemRegional brain atrophy is related to social cognition impairment in multiple sclerosis(ASSOC ARQUIVOS NEURO- PSIQUIATRIA, 2021) Labbe Atenas, Tomás Pablo; Montalba Zalaquett, Cristian Andrés; Zurita Soler, Mariana; Ciampi Diaz, Ethel Leslie; Albornoz Cruz, Juan Pablo; Vásquez Torres, Macarena; Uribe Arancibia, Sergio Andrés; Crossley Karmelic, Nicolás Andrés; Cárcamo Rodríguez, Claudia AndreaBackground: Multiple sclerosis exhibits specific neuropathological phenomena driving to both global and regional brain atrophy. At the clinical level, the disease is related to functional decline in cognitive domains as the working memory, processing speed, and verbal fluency. However, the compromise of social-cognitive abilities has concentrated some interest in recent years despite the available evidence suggesting the risk of disorganization in social life. Recent studies have used the MiniSEA test to assess the compromise of social cognition and have found relevant relationships with memory and executive functions, as well as with the level of global and regional brain atrophy. Objective: The present article aimed to identify structural changes related to socio-cognitive performance in a sample of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Methods: 68 relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis Chilean patients and 50 healthy control subjects underwent MRI scans and neuropsychological evaluation including social-cognition tasks. Total brain, white matter, and gray matter volumes were estimated. Also, voxel-based morphometry was applied to evaluate regional structural changes. Results: Patients exhibited lower scores in all neuropsychological tests. Social cognition exhibited a significant decrease in this group mostly related to the declining social perception. Normalized brain volume and white matter volume were significantly decreased when compared to healthy subjects. The regional brain atrophy analysis showed that changes in the insular cortex and medial frontal cortices are significantly related to the variability of social-cognitive performance among patients. Conclusions: In the present study, social cognition was only correlated with the deterioration of verbal fluency, despite the fact that previous studies have reported its link with memory and executive functions. The identification of specific structural correlates supports the comprehension of this phenomenon as an independent source of cognitive disability in these patients.